Portail "HAL-Francophonie Afrique et Océan Indien"
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"Oté, lé gayor !" Représentations et caractéristiques linguistiques du Créole des hauts dans les productions de Pat'Jaune et Super Yab
No full textInternational audienceLa Réunion, a former French colony that became a department in 1946, sees several languages coexist, the two main of which are French, the official language, and Reunion Creole, resulting from a restructuring of dialectal forms of French spoken in the 17th century. Although Reunion Creole is still regularly marginalized, it is claimed and spoken by more than 80% of the population.Reunion Creole presents several variants, of a diachronic order (old Creole, modern Creole), linguistic (basilectal versus acrolectal Creole), or even geographic (Creole spoken on the coastal towns versus Creole spoken in the moutainous highlands). These different variants are associated with specific linguistic representations.Some artists have made the use of Highland Creole, spoken by the "Yab" (White Creoles) their trademark: the musical group Pat’ Jaune, formed in 1987 and whose texts evoke the “Yab’s life”, and more recently the artist Super Yab, who has been publishing short humoristic videos on social networks since 2023 featuring “Yab” culture and its linguistic codes. What do these productions tell us about current representations and linguistic specificities concerning the highland variant ? What are the developments compared to the first linguistic descriptions of this variant?We will rely on the analysis of productions by Pat’ Jaune and Super Yab, determining from a diachronic perspective the salient phonological, lexical and syntactic characteristics. We will then look at epilinguistic discourses and what they tell us about the evolution of linguistic representations
Impact de l’Indice de Masse Corporelle sur le pronostic des patientes atteintes d’un cancer du col de l’utérus à la Réunion
No full textBackground: In Réunion Island, cervical cancer mortality is twice as high as in mainland France, despite higher screening participation rates. Obesity affects nearly twice as many women as men. While being overweight (BMI > 25 kg/m²) is a well- recognized poor prognostic factor in several cancers, its impact on cervical cancer remains debated.Objective : To evaluate the impact of BMI on survival in cervical cancers patients.Methods: Ancillary study of the ColRUN cohort, including patients who received treatment in Réunion Island between 2010 and 2020.Results: A total of 534 patients were included. Among them, 45.1% of patients had a normal BMI, 10.9% were underweight, and 44.0% were overweight. BMI extremes were associated with a higher frequency of para-aortic lymph node involvement (p = 0.03) and more frequent PET scans (p = 0.04). Underweight was associated with more frequent metastatic disease (p = 0.04) and less frequent surgery (p < 0.001). After multivariate adjustment, a BMI < 18.5 kg/m² was associated with decreased 5-year cancer-specific survival (HR 2.20; 95% CI: 1.48–3.28; p < 0.001). No significant association was found with overweight.Conclusion: Only underweight was significantly associated with reduced survival in cervical cancer, highlighting the importance of nutritional status and the local socio-epidemiological context.Introduction : À La Réunion, la mortalité par cancer du col de l’utérus est deux fois plus élevée qu’en métropole, malgré une participation au dépistage supérieure. L’obésité y concerne près de deux fois plus de femmes que d’hommes. Si la surcharge pondérale (IMC > 25 kg/m²) est un facteur de mauvais pronostic reconnu dans plusieurs cancers, son impact sur le cancer utérin reste débattu.Objectif : Évaluer l’impact de l’IMC sur la survie des patientes atteintes d’un cancer du col utérin.Méthodes : Étude ancillaire de la cohorte ColRUN incluant des patientes prises en charge à La Réunion entre 2010 et 2020.Résultats : Au total, 534 patientes ont été incluses. Parmi elles, 45.1 % présentaient un IMC normal, 10.9 % une insuffisance pondérale et 44.0 % un excès pondéral. Les extrêmes de l’IMC étaient associés à une atteinte ganglionnaire lombo-aortique (p=0.03) et à une réalisation plus fréquente de TEP (p=0.04). L’insuffisance pondérale était associée à un stade métastatique plus fréquent (p = 0.04) et à un moindre recours à la chirurgie (p < 0.001). Après ajustement multivarié, un IMC < 18.5 kg/m² était associé à une diminution de la survie spécifique à 5 ans (HR 2.20 ; IC95 % : 1.48–3.28 ; p < 0.001). Aucun lien significatif n’a été retrouvé avec l’excès pondéral.Conclusion : Seule l’insuffisance pondérale est associée à une moins bonne survie dans le cancer du col de l’utérus, soulignant l’importance du profil nutritionnel et du contexte socio-épidémiologique local
Évaluation du risque de cancer de l’endomètre chez les patientes ménopausées asymptomatiques ayant bénéficié d’une hystéroscopie à La Réunion
No full textBackground : Endometrial cancer is the most common gynaecological cancer in France. In Réunion Island, a sharp increase in incidence has been observed since 1990. In the absence of consensus regarding a predictive sonographic endometrial thickness threshold for cancer in asymptomatic postmenopausal patients, achieving diagnosis whilst avoiding unnecessary, costly and anxiety-inducing procedures remains a major challenge. The aim of this study is to assess endometrial cancer risk in postmenopausal patients who underwent hysteroscopy in Réunion Island, in order to propose a clinically relevant endometrial thickness threshold.Method : This is a single-centre retrospective observational study at the University Hospital of Réunion involving 331 postmenopausal patients who underwent operative hysteroscopy between January 2020 and February 2025. Clinical and imaging data were analysed and the optimal threshold was established using the ROC curve and Youden's index.Results : The optimal threshold was 15.5 mm according to Youden and an AUC = 0.863 with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 84.8%, not significantly different from the threshold for symptomatic patients. Sensitivity remains at 100% up to 9 mm. The 14 mm threshold offers a cancer detection rate close to 1.1% of the rate at the 5 mm threshold in symptomatic patients.Conclusion : A differentiated approach based on symptomatic status could optimise diagnostic performance by limiting unnecessary, costly and anxiety-inducing procedures.Introduction : Le cancer de l’endomètre est le premier cancer gynécologique en métropole. À La Réunion, une forte augmentation de l’incidence est observée depuis 1990. En l’absence de consensus sur un seuil d’épaisseur endométriale échographique prédictif de cancer chez les patientes asymptomatiques ménopausées, le diagnostic et l’évitement de procédures inutiles, coûteuses et génératrices d’anxiété est un défi majeur. L’objectif est d’évaluer le risque de cancer de l’endomètre chez les patientes ménopausées ayant bénéficié d’une hystéroscopie à La Réunion afin de proposer un seuil pertinent d’épaisseur endométriale. Méthode : C’est une étude rétrospective observationnelle unicentrique au CHU de La Réunion regroupant 331 patientes ménopausées ayant bénéficié d’une hystéroscopie opératoire entre janvier 2020 et février 2025. Les données cliniques et imageries ont été analysées et l’établissement du seuil optimal par la réalisation de la courbe ROC et indice de Youden.Résultats : Le seuil optimal était de 15,5mm selon Youden et une AUC = 0,863 avec une sensibilité de 80% et une spécificité de 84,8% non significativement différent du seuil des patientes symptomatiques. La sensibilité demeure de 100% jusqu’à 9 mm. Le seuil de 14 mm offre un taux de détection de cancer proche à 1,1% près du taux au seuil de 5 mm chez les symptomatiques.Conclusion : Une approche différenciée selon le statut symptomatique pourrait optimiser les performances diagnostiques en limitant les procédures inutiles, coûteuses, anxiogènes
Fluvial dynamics in a deltaic environment under Little Ice Age intense climatic forcing (Bras de Fer, Rhône delta, France)
No full textInternational audienceThis study reconstructs the fluvial dynamics of the Bras de Fer distributary in the Rhône Delta (France) during the Little Ice Age (LIA) in response to short-term climatic forcing. A multiproxy approach combining historical cartography, sedimentology, geochemistry, magnetic susceptibility, and hydrological archives reveals accelerated meander migration and extensive overbank accretion between the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries CE. Increased flood frequency, coinciding with positive phases of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO+), promoted rapid lateral channel shifts and the formation of crevasse splay complexes along the outside bank of the Grande Ponche meander. The results demonstrate that, despite stable relative sea levels, deltaic morphology remained highly sensitive to decadal-scale climatic variability, highlighting the dominant role of hydrological extremes in shaping fluvial-deltaic environments of Rhône delta during the late LIA
Teaching Geography facing current and future challenges. Cross perspectives. Introduction
No full textInternational audienceThe teaching of Geography, like all other school subjects, changes in whole or in part according to the new challenges and issues that scientific Geography has to deal with (Bagoly-Simó, 2021; De Vecchis et al., 2020; Giorda, 2019; Shin and Bednarz, 2019; Legardez and Simonneaux, 2011). Despite this, national programmes or guidelines are sometimes lagging behind in transposing both the progress of the reference science and the issues arising from social, economic and political changes. And what about the transposition of these programmes into the proposals of school textbooks? (Charpentier and Fatichenti, 2023). This said, although “we are all geographical beings” as stated by Joublot-Ferré (2018, p. 10) and “Geography’s objective as a social science is to study the relationship between societies and the space around them” (Collectif, 2020), what kind of teaching do we want to offer to the students of today’s primary and middle schools? Should this teaching practice evolve? How and under what conditions? For what purposes? As a rule, in many countries school curricula are developed by joint committees. But what is the opinion of geographers in this regard, assuming they take part in these committees
The effects of population health on political risk
No full textInternational audiencePolitical risk is a significant barrier to sustainable economic development. Identifying factors that can help mitigate it is therefore essential. This study contributes to the literature by examining an often-overlooked yet important factor: population health. Specifically, we investigate whether improvements in population health can reduce political risk in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). To this end, we use a new measure of health that accounts for both life expectancy and morbidity, allowing us to assess both the quality and length of life. Using panel data from 32 SSA countries (1991–2021), we find that better health conditions significantly reduce political risk. Moreover, we identify income per capita, financial development, and education as key transmission mechanisms, with education emerging as the primary channel. Extending the analysis to a global sample confirms the negative relationship between health and political risk, as well as the relevance of the identified transmission mechanisms. By highlighting the critical role of population health in reducing political risk, this study underscores that investing in population health is not only a moral duty but also a strategic necessity for sustainable economic development
Validation of the Workplace Bullying Spectrum Scale: A Study of the Congolese Higher Education Sector
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La fabrique sémiotique du droit à l'ère des intelligences hybrides
No full textInternational audienceL'intégration de dispositifs d'intelligence artificielle est observable dans de nombreuses professions juridiques. Nos travaux s'appuient sur l'hypothèse que cette intégration ébranle une conception rationaliste du droit comme système autonome de règles Le droit apparaît alors comme une fabrique sémiotique hybride, où le sens s'élabore entre humains, textes et technologies. Penser le droit comme une fabrique sémiotique hybride revient enfin à saisir, de manière située et rigoureuse, les nouvelles conditions de production du sens juridiqu
Variability and trend analysis of temperature in the upper troposphere and stratosphere region over the tropics (Réunion), by combining balloon-sonde and satellite measurements
No full textTropopause height and temperature play a crucial role in atmospheric chemistry and radiative forcing and serve as key indicators of anthropogenic climate change. However, accurately determining this parameter requires advanced remote sensing techniques. This study compares tropopause height estimates from in-situ and remote sensing instruments (SHADOZ and COSMIC-1) with reanalysis data from MERRA-2 over Réunion from 2006 to 2020. The results reveal strong agreement between vertical temperature profiles obtained from SHADOZ and COSMIC-1, demonstrating that both can reliably estimate tropopause height using the Cold Point Temperature (CPT) and/or Lapse Rate Temperature (LRT) methods. Conversely, while MERRA-2 assimilates data from these sources, its fixed vertical resolution limits its ability to capture tropopause height variations accurately. Given the consistency between SHADOZ and COSMIC-1, their data were combined to construct a more refined dataset, which was then used to assess temperature trends. The analysis indicates a high influence of annual and semiannual oscillations in Tropopause height dynamics, as well as, a decreasing trend in CPT and a slight increase in the Lapse Rate Tropopause (LRT) height. stratospheric forcing, like as changes in solar radiation (Reid and Gage, 1981), atmospheric angular momentum (Reid and Gage, 1984), El Ninõ-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), stratospheric ozone (Dameris et al., 1995; Hoinka, 1998), Quasi-Biennal Oscillation (QBO) variability, explosive volcanic eruptions (Reid and Gage, 1985; Randel et al., 2000), and concentrations of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) (Zou et al., 2023). Consequently, tropospheric warming or stratospheric cooling can result in an increase in the tropopause height (Astudillo et al., 2014; Santer et al., 2004).Traditional methods for sounding tropopause structure are usually based on in situ measurements (e.g., weather stations, radiosonde), model data (e.g., reanalysis data) and remote sensing (e.g., lidar, airborne, satellite soundings). The direct sounding technique usually has an uneven global distribution, with only sparse data distribution, especially in the southern hemisphere (Santer et al.,2004). On the other hand, reanalyses provide global and temporal coverage and uniform data type.However, reanalyses suffer from coarser vertical resolution, which can render tropopause height detection unfeasible (Birner et. al. 2006). Considering remote sensing, Global Navigational Satellite System Radio Occultation (GNSS-RO) stand out for offering accurate tropospheric profiles with high vertical resolution and global coverage independently of weather conditions.In this context, this study compares vertical temperature profiles from the Southern Additional Ozonesondes (SHADOZ) network, Constellation Observing System for Meteorology Ionosphere and Climate 1 (COSMIC-1), and Modern Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications -Version 2 (MERRA-2) over Réunion (2006-2020) to identify similarities and/or differences. Additionally, the study demonstrates how these datasets contribute to understanding variability in the Upper Troposphere-Lower Stratosphere (UT-LS) region. Finally, by combining ground-based balloon-sonde data and satellite-based COSMIC-1 observations, the variability and trend estimates of temperature in the tropical UT-LS region were investigated.The paper structure is as follows: Section 2 gives a brief description of the experimental site and instruments used. The methodologies applied are presented in section 3. The comparisons between temperatures and tropopause height estimated from SHADOZ, COSMIC-1 and MERRA-2 datasets are presented in section 4. In section 5, the results provided by the Trend-Run model are described. Finally, the conclusions are given in Section 6. Materials Study AreaRéunion (21.10° S; 55.48° E) is a volcanic island of the Indian Ocean with a population of ~860,000 inhabitants. It covers around 2,512 km², and it is characterized by a humid tropical climate tempered by the oceanic influence of the trade winds blowing from the southeast. In addition, this climate is endowed with great variability, mainly due to the island landscape,</div
