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Building localized and generic scenarios for sea and river dikes based on their socio-ecological footprint
No full textInternational audienceIn light of climate change and a new regulatory context, the DIGUES research program is exploring the potential futures of French dikes up to 2050. An interdisciplinary, forward-looking approach has been applied to consider the socio-ecological footprint of the ways in which dikes evolve. It brings together social and environmental sciences with stakeholder participation to build localized and generic scenarios. This approach offers an alternative to technical approaches based solely on sea or river defense, as it puts forward a method that links the physical dynamics of the environment to social and organizational issues and variables. The pathways presented (dikes maintained in their current state, reinforced, lowered, or moved back) therefore position the future of dikes in terms of continuity or transformative strategies in a context where territories take on greater responsibility in the face of climate change. In diking strategies, local public action is still driven by territorial goals and should consider more environmental dynamics. Developing territorial projects that include social and ecological elements helps to promote transformative strategies
Aluminium accumulation in loengo (Anisophyllea boehmii Engl.), a fruit from the Miombo ecoregion consumed in Angola
No full textInternational audienceThe fruit of Anisophyllea boehmii, known as loengo in Angola, is a wild fruit typically harvested in the Miombo forest. It is widely consumed locally and appreciated for its organoleptic qualities. It also has proven nutritional interests. However, analysis of the mineral profile of the fruit pulp using inductively coupled plasma with mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) on 7 samples collected in 3 geographical areas over 3 consecutive years revealed an uncommon aluminium content of around 8 g‧kg-1 of dry matter. Indeed, the concentrations measured in the leaves confirmed that the plant is an aluminium hyperaccumulator. No correlation was found between the aluminium content of the pulp and that in soil. This particularly high value led to the recommendation to limit consumption of the fruit to protect local populations from excessive and repeated exposure to aluminium
Jack Kerouac and the American Spectacle: Resistance and Authenticity in Primitivism, Transcendence, and Communion
No full textInternational audienceThis book explores the search for authenticity in the work of Jack Kerouac in the context of postwar American capitalism and the rise of the spectacle as a dominant mode of social mediation. It examines how Kerouac’s experimental prose, spiritual inquiry, and relational aesthetics function as strategies of resistance to cultural homogenization, existential alienation, and hyper-individualism. Drawing from philosophy, anthropology, media theory, cognitive and evolutionary science, and narratology, the study traces how Kerouac reimagines American identity through encounters with the Other, esoteric forms of knowledge, and intersubjective experience. Combining close textual analysis with a broad interdisciplinary lens, it considers how Kerouac’s liminal position—as both insider and outsider—enables a unique literary response to the anxieties of his time. By placing Kerouac in dialogue with thinkers such as Guy Debord, Jean Baudrillard, Friedrich Nietzsche, and C. G. Jung, this book sheds new light on the aesthetic, philosophical, and political dimensions of his work
Enseigner l'entreprenariat à l'université: Liberté d'entreprendre, interdictions professionnelles et fonds de commerce
No full textInternational audienceL’ouvrage comprend essentiellement quatre chapitres. Le premier s’intéresse à l’accès et au maintien dans le monde des affaires. Il y est à la fois question de la liberté du commerce et de l’industrie, pour presque tous, ainsi que de la fermeture du monde des affaires à quelques personnes. Le deuxième chapitre constate la recherche d’une atténuation de son risque financier par l’entrepreneur. Cela se traduit en général par la dilution du risque entrepreneurial dans une structure commune. Du reste, il lui est possible d’envisager l’échappement à la ruine même seul dans une entreprise. Le troisième chapitre traite du domicile de l’entreprise, c’est-à-dire de son siège social. Quoique obligatoire, la domiciliation pourrait se faire à l’étranger. Mais si le choix s’est porté sur la France, il faut alors se préoccuper du titre (payant ou gratuit) de l’obtention des locaux en cause. Enfin, le quatrième chapitre est relatif au fonds de commerce. Dans ce cadre, des précisions sont données sur la protection dont bénéficie le professionnel grâce à la fiction juridique dénommée propriété commerciale. Une protection toutefois moindre lorsque l’installation du professionnel s’est faite à titre précaire et révocable ; par exemple sur le domaine public
Etats-Unis: Le pouvoir douanier, une "question majeure"? A propos de la décision Learning Resources v. Trump
No full texthttps://blog.juspoliticum.com/2026/03/18/etats-unis-le-pouvoir-douanier-est-il-une-question-majeure-a-propos-de-larret-de-la-cour-supreme-learning-resources-inc-v-trump-par-andreas-kallergis/The article shows that the Supreme Court’s decision in Learning Resources Inc. v. Trump should be read less as a definitive endorsement of the major questions doctrine than as a separation-of-powers ruling reasserting that tariffs fall within Congress’s taxing power and therefore require a clear legislative delegation. It also shows that the Court remains deeply divided on the role, necessity, and scope of the major questions doctrine, especially in the field of foreign affairs.Il montre que l’arrêt rendu par la Cour suprême dans l’affaire Learning Resources Inc. c. Trump doit être interprété moins comme une adhésion définitive à la doctrine des questions majeures que comme une décision relative à la séparation des pouvoirs qui réaffirme que les droits de douane relèvent du pouvoir fiscal du Congrès et nécessitent donc une délégation législative claire. Il montre également que la Cour reste profondément divisée sur le rôle, la nécessité et la portée de la théorie des questions majeures, en particulier dans le domaine des affaires étrangères
Spectral induced polarization monitoring of chalcopyrite ore bioleaching: insights from laboratory column experiments
No full textInternational audienceBioleaching is a biologically facilitated process that helps to dissolve valuable metals in order to extract them from the mineral gangue. Applied in the field to heap ores, its efficiency mainly depends on solution flow inside the heterogeneous heaps, which is often tortuous and can remain stagnant in the pores and crevices between the particles. Methodologies that can help to monitor the bioleaching processes are therefore needed to improve operational efficiency. In this article, we present for the first time preliminary laboratory-scale investigations on spectral induced polarization (SIP) during the bioleaching of chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) containing ore material from a mine in Chile. Two column experiments representing different stages of the bioleaching process were monitored under un-saturated and highly acidic environment (pH ~2). Our objective was to explore the feasibility of SIP for detecting changes in electrical properties potentially associated with bioleaching-induced mineral dissolution and alteration. The results show a rapid decrease in SIP phase shift and imaginary conductivity during the early stage of bioleaching, while the real conductivity remains relatively stable. At a more advanced stage of bioleaching, the phase response is weaker and more stable. A relaxation time distribution (RTD) analysis was applied to further investigate changes in polarization mechanisms. Prior to bioleaching, the RTD exhibits a well-defined peak consistent with polarization controlled by sulfide mineral grains, whereas after one month of bioleaching the RTD broadens and shifts toward larger relaxation times, accompanied by a decrease in chargeability. This combined evolution suggests bioleaching-induced modifications of electrochemically active surfaces, potentially related to mineral dissolution and the formation of passivation layers. Estimated particle sizes derived from the RTD analysis are consistent with scanning electron microscopy observations. Although, the absence of a dedicated abiotic control column prevents us from attributing these changes unambiguously to bioleaching alone, these results highlight the potential of SIP as a non-invasive, real-time and integrative tool to monitor leaching processes and to identify zones that may remain weakly affected by leaching
Experimental and numerical investigation of the effect of periodic checkerboard patterns on diffusion properties of Khaya ivorensis tropical species
No full textInternational audienceDimensional variations in wooden structures caused by water absorption or desorption can lead to damage, especially when moisture diffusion mechanisms are not well understood. This limitation affects the reliable use of optical measurement methods, particularly when they operate under variable humidity. This paper examines the longitudinal diffusion behavior of Khaya ivorensis wood and evaluates how a checkerboard-pattern surface treatment alters its diffusion response. Diffusion experiments were conducted using a custom setup designed to minimize external exchanges. The diffusion coefficient and surface exchange coefficient were identified through Siau's analytical approximation and an inverse numerical approach based on Fick's law combined with the Nelder-Mead simplex algorithm. A generalized analytical solution was also formulated and validated using numerically determined parameters. The longitudinal diffusion coefficient was about 6.68 × 10 -10 m 2 /s analytically and 5.54 × 10 -10 m 2 /s numerically. For untreated samples, the surface exchange coefficient was around 9.32 × 10 -7 m/s, while the surface treatment reduced it to 4.05 × 10 -7 m/s. The analytical method represented the early diffusion stage well, whereas the numerical model captured long-term behavior. Under the experimental tested conditions of this paper, the generalized analytical model describes the full diffusion process and shows that the checkerboard pattern reduces water flux at the wood surface by a factor of 2.3
La Guerre des sables de 1963
No full textInternational audienceThis article revisits the 1963 “War of the Sands” and examines Cuba’s decisive role in providing military support to newly independent Algeria. Drawing on diplomatic archives, press sources and political testimonies, it argues that the Cuban intervention – the island’s first internationalist military mission – functioned both as an act of revolutionary solidarity and as a means of projecting influence within the Third World. The episode is shown to be central to the consolidation of Algerian-Cuban relations and to the emergence of an autonomous South–South diplomacy during the Cold War.Este artículo vuelve sobre la “Guerra de las Arenas” de 1963 y analiza el papel decisivo desempeñado por Cuba en el apoyo militar a la Argelia recién independizada. A partir de archivos diplomáticos, fuentes de prensa y testimonios de actores políticos, muestra que la intervención cubana – primera misión internacionalista de la isla – fue a la vez un gesto de solidaridad revolucionaria, un medio de afirmación en la escena del Tercer Mundo y un elemento clave en la consolidación de las relaciones argelino-cubanas. El estudio esclarece así la manera en que este episodio contribuyó a estructurar una diplomacia Sur-Sur autónoma en el marco de la Guerra Fría.Cet article revient sur la « Guerre des sables » de 1963 et analyse le rôle décisif joué par Cuba dans le soutien militaire à l’Algérie nouvellement indépendante. À partir d’archives diplomatiques, de sources de presse et de témoignages d’acteurs politiques, il montre que l’intervention cubaine – première mission internationaliste de l’île – a été à la fois un geste de solidarité révolutionnaire, un moyen d’affirmation sur la scène du Tiers-Monde et un élément clé dans la consolidation des relations algéro-cubaines. L’étude éclaire ainsi la manière dont cet épisode a contribué à structurer une diplomatie Sud-Sud autonome au sein de la guerre froide
Autonomic cardiac regulation to slow-paced respiration in seated and supine positions
No full textInternational audiencePurpose: Respiratory modulation and positional control are the main two regulators of cardiac autonomic activity. Although both slow-paced breathing and supine position promote parasympathetic regulation, their interaction remains poorly documented. Here, the objective of this work is to study the interaction between these two autonomic controls. Methods: Twenty healthy volunteers (12 males, 8 females), age of 25.9 ± 3.9 years were included in this study. They were randomly subjected to 6 different slow and controlled breathing at 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, and 7 min/cycles for 3 min in supine or seated position after a 3 min baseline recording in spontaneous breathing. ECG was continuously monitored and RR intervals (RRI), total power (Ptot), the standard deviation of normal R-R intervals (SDNN), high frequency power (HF), the root mean square of successive R-R interval differences (RMSSD), and low frequency power (LF) were calculated to study autonomic regulation. Results: We observed (1) a similar increase in parasympathetic (RMSSD and LF) and overall autonomic (RRI, Ptot, and SDNN) activities in slow-paced breathing conditions, whatever the respiratory rate in comparison with control spontaneous breathing; (2) these autonomic parameters increased in sitting position, but in parasympathetic (RMSSD and LF) and overall autonomic (Ptot, and SDNN) activities interacted with respiratory control and were higher in seated slow-paced breathing. Conclusion: These results showed that (1) whatever the slow-paced breathing frequency, slow breathing favours parasympathetic control and slow heart rhythm; and (2) seated position favors autonomic cardiovascular interaction between respiratory modulation and positional control
Dépistage urinaire néonatal par bandelette urinaire durant les 2 premiers semaines de vie : expérience de l’Hôpital Général Provincial de Référence Tertiaire Jason Sendwe
No full textInternational audienceUrine dipstick testing is one of the most frequent analyses performed in doctors' offices. It allows for the detection of metabolic, hepatic, and renal disorders, as well as urogenital infections. The general objective of this study is to contribute to the understanding of the role of urine dipstick tests in the diagnostic process for newborns during the first two weeks of life in Lubumbashi. This prospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted over two months at the Jason Sendwe General Hospital (HGPR) using data from urine dipstick tests performed on urine samples from 170 newborns aged two weeks. The study showed that the newborns were seven days old or younger, 100% male, with a gestational age greater than 37 weeks, and a weight greater than or equal to 2500 grams. Fever was the most frequent finding in newborns with a pH of 6. Bilirubin and urobilinogen were the most common findings, each at 13.53%, followed by nitrites and leukocytes at 3.53%. The use of urine dipsticks in the pediatric ward at Jason Sendwe General Hospital is infrequent due to the cost of the test. Significant improvements are needed in neonatal bacteriological testing in terms of feasibility, sensitivity, speed, and interpretation to optimize the therapeutic management of newborns.L’analyse de l’urine par bandelettes est une des analyses les plus fréquentes au cabinet médical. Elle permet notamment la mise en évidence de troubles métaboliques, hépatiques et rénaux, ainsi que d’infections urogénitales. Ce travail a pour objet général de contribuer à la connaissance sur l’apport des tests par bandelette urinaire dans la démarche diagnostique chez les nouveau-nés durant les 2 premiers semaines de vie à Lubumbashi. La présente étude était descriptive transversale prospective réalisée pendant 2 mois à l’HGPR Jason Sendwe sur les données de l’examen à la BU réalisés sur les échantillons urinaires chez 170 nouveau-nés de 2 semaines de vie. L’étude a montré que les nouveau-nés avaient un âge inférieur ou égale à 7 jours, de sexe masculin à 100%, avec un âge gestationnel supérieur à 37 SA et un poids supérieur ou égal à 2500 gr. La fièvre était le motif le plus fréquent chez les nouveau-nés avec un pH de 6. La bilirubine et l’urobilinogène ont été les résultats majoritairement retrouvés à 13,53% chacune de manière égale ainsi que le nitrite et leucocytes à 3,53% de manière égale. L’utilisation de la bandelette urinaire dans le service de pédiatrie à l’HGPR Jason Sendwe est rare en raison du coût de cet examen. Des progrès doivent être impérativement réalisés sur les examens bactériologiques en néonatologie en termes de faisabilité, de sensibilité, de rapidité et d’interprétation afin d’optimiser les prises en charge thérapeutiques des nouveau-nés