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Intérêt des médecins généralistes exerçant en zones isolées à La Réunion pour le dispositif de médecins correspondants du SAMU
No full textBackground: In Réunion Island, mountainous geography and the concentration of healthcare facilities along the coast lead to unequal access to emergency care. The “SAMU Corresponding Physicians” (MCS) scheme, implemented in mainland France, aims to strengthen prehospital medical response in isolated areas. No similar initiative currently exists on the island.Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among general practitioners working in areas identified as priority or of interest by Dr. Brès (2024). An online questionnaire assessed their interest in the MCS scheme (primary outcome), their knowledge of the system, their perception of local challenges, and the main barriers and facilitators to participation.Results: Fifty-five physicians responded (response rate: 39%). Nearly half (45%) expressed interest in becoming MCS. These physicians were more often under 50 years old and practicing in facilities equipped to manage emergencies. Interest in additional training in emergency medicine was significantly associated with willingness to become MCS (p = 0.002). Only 7% initially knew about the scheme, but nine out of ten considered its implementation relevant after presentation. The main facilitators were training in emergency medicine (69%) and access to appropriate equipment (64%), while the main barriers were workload (82%) and administrative constraints (55%).Conclusion: The interest shown in the MCS scheme in Réunion Island exceeds that reported in most mainland studies. These findings support the feasibility of a local deployment, provided it is supported by strong institutional coordination. The Regional Health Agency, in collaboration with SAMU and CESU, could play a key role in developing a pilot network of SAMU Corresponding Physicians adapted to the island’s specific context.Introduction : À La Réunion, la topographie montagneuse et la concentration de l’offre de soins sur le littoral entraînent des inégalités d’accès aux soins urgents. Le dispositif des médecins correspondants du SAMU (MCS), déjà déployé en métropole, vise à renforcer la réponse médicale préhospitalière dans les zones isolées. Aucune expérience similaire n’existe à ce jour sur l’île. Méthode : Une étude descriptive et transversale a été menée auprès des médecins généralistes installés dans des zones identifiées comme prioritaires. Un questionnaire en ligne évaluait leur intérêt pour le dispositif MCS, leur niveau de connaissance, leur perception des enjeux locaux ainsi que les freins et leviers à une éventuelle adhésion. Résultats : Cinquante-cinq médecins ont répondu, soit un taux de réponse de 39 %. Près de la moitié se déclaraient intéressés pour devenir MCS. Ces médecins étaient plus souvent âgés de moins de 50 ans et exerçaient dans un cabinet adapté à la prise en charge de l’urgence. L’intérêt pour une formation complémentaire en médecine d’urgence était significativement associé à la motivation pour devenir MCS. Seuls 7 % connaissaient initialement le dispositif, mais la majorité en jugeait la mise en place pertinente après présentation. Les principaux leviers identifiés concernaient la formation en urgence et la mise à disposition de matériel adapté, tandis que les freins majeurs étaient la charge de travail et les contraintes administratives. Conclusion : L’intérêt exprimé pour le dispositif MCS à La Réunion est supérieur à celui observé dans plusieurs études métropolitaines et confirme la faisabilité d’un déploiement local, sous réserve d’un soutien institutionnel
Living with HIV/AIDS: Political materialization of experiences, fight(s) and gendering dynamics; an ideational probe over postcolonial Cameroon: An ideational probe over postcolonial Cameroon
No full textHAL Open ScienceMarginalities’ questions are commonly surveyed in social sciences through several approaches. These surveys are meant to be active pro-defenders against vulnerability towards; social consideration of the communities issued across marginalizing processes. Our paper, focuses on the extents of the situation of people living with HIV/AIDS in a particular geolocalized area. This geolocalization facilitates the feature of the multi-dimensional guises of experiences from people living with the disease, the evocative fights against the disease while including; the gendering outlook from the presence of HIV/AIDS in the context of Cameroon. The frame of this paper, principally counts social history’s dynamics with the purpose of portraying a paramount ethos to the expression “political materialization”. From which, this expression is the core of the ideational context of the evolutions embodied to gender studies enlarged in transnationalized condition(s)
New excavations at Nasera Rock (Tanzania): the Lemuta industry
No full textInternational audienceNasera is a key site for understanding the Middle and Later Stone Age in northern Tanzania and East Africa, thanks to its nine-metre cultural sequence and 25 archaeological levels. Excavated previously by Louis Leakey (1932) and Michael Mehlman (1975-76), work resumed there in 2018. This paper presents the results of the excavation of Level 5, belonging to the Lemuta industry of the Later Stone Age, which is dated to 47.1 ± 4.5 kya. The faunal assemblage comprises species such as Alcelaphini, Antilopini and Equus quagga, which supports the existence of dry and open grasslands. The lithic assemblage consists of chert knapped using single-platform and prismatic blade/bladelet methods. Retouched blanks are scarce, but microliths (crescents and trapezes) predominate. These techno-typological characteristics and the site's chronology allow the assemblage to be related to the Naisiusiu industry of Olduvai. RÉSUMÉNasera est un site clé pour comprendre le Middle et le Later Stone Age dans le nord de la Tanzanie et en Afrique de l'Est, grâce à sa séquence culturelle de neuf mètres et à ses 25 niveaux archéologiques.</div
Modeling human-wildlife interactions in a tropical forest context
No full textSource Agritrop Cirad (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/616819/) * Autres projets (id;sigle;titre): ;I-CARE;(FRA) ImpaCt de l’Anthropisation sur le Risque d’Emergence d’arboviroses zoonotiques en Afrique Centrale//International audienceIn Central Africa, the settlement of populations and the development of new in- frastructures, like industrial complexes or roads, negatively impact the forest ecosys- tems. This anthropisation of the natural landscape has consequences on wildlife, which is, on the other hand, threatened by over-hunting [2]. The decline in the abundance of the wild fauna raises concerns about the ecosystem's sustainability and the food security of forest dependent communities [4]. In [3], we build and study a continuous dynamical system that models interac- tions between human populations and wildlife in the context of the tropical forests of southern Cameroon. In this model, hunting practices are governed either by a Holling Type-I response for which the theoretical analysis is done using the theory of monotone systems [3], either by a Holling Type-II response, which increases the system's non-linearity and complexity. In this case, we first simplify the model using the Tikhonov's theorem [1] before performing the analysis using standard mathe- matical theory. In all cases, the analysis shows that di!erent kinds of dynamics are possible, including the convergence towards a limit cycle. We identify the conditions on the hunting rate under which humans and wild fauna can coexist, as well as how anthropisation may a!ect those conditions. We illustrate our theoretical findings with numerical simulations
15 questions/réponses sur « La visite d’Ahmed Ben Bella à Cuba en 1962 »
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De la structure spatiale au contrôle des ressources hydrologiques : apports de l'intelligence géospatiale à l'étude des sites à fossés (Madagascar)
No full textInternational audienceIn this research, we focus on the use of geospatial intelligence and its contribution to the study of ditch sites in Madagascar in relation to hydrological resources. This geographical analysis examines the relationship between spatial structures, the roles of ditch sites and the control of hydrological resources. Our analysis ranges from the spatial remote sensing identification of territorial structures and ditch sites and their uses to the control of hydrological resources, including the study of geographical and environmental characteristics and their links with rice cultivation. Several identified models of territorial organisation are presented.Dans le cadre de cette étude, nous abordons l'usage de l'intelligence géospatiale et son apport à l'étude des sites à fossés à Madagascar en lien avec les ressources hydrologiques. Cette analyse géographique s'intéresse à la relation entre structures spatiales, les rôles des sites à fossés et le contrôle des ressources hydrologiques. Notre analyse s'étend de la reconnaissance par télédétection spatiale des structures territoriales, des sites à fossés, leurs usages, au contrôle des ressources hydrologiques, en passant par l'étude des caractéristiques géographiques et environnementales et de leurs liens avec la riziculture. Plusieurs modèles d'organisations territoriales identifiés sont présentés
Prevalence of mealybug wilt-associated viruses in pineapple 'Queen Victoria' cultivars in Reunion Island and the potential of virus-free vitroplants for disease management
No full textSource Agritrop Cirad (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/615299/) * Autres projets (id;sigle;titre): ;;(REU) Dispositif de partenariat en santé et biodiversité//International audienceMealybug wilt disease of pineapple (MWP) poses a significant threat to global pineapple production, yet its etiology remains poorly understood. The disease is believed to involve mealybugs, multiple pineapple mealybug wilt-associated viruses (PMWaVs, genus Ampelovirus), and possibly other viruses from the Badnavirus, Secovirus, and Vitivirus genera. This study examines the distribution and prevalence of three ampeloviruses (PMWaV1, PMWaV2, PMWaV3) and two badnaviruses (PBERV, PBCOV), previously associated to MWP symptoms, across 15 pineapple plots of the 'Queen Victoria' cultivar in Reunion Island. A total of 450 symptomatic and asymptomatic leaf samples were analyzed using PCR and RT-PCR-based diagnostics. Globally, 93 % of samples were infected with at least one virus, and 76 % were co-infected with two to four viruses. PMWaV1 (78 %) and PBCOV (87 %) were the most prevalent, while PBERV was not detected. Virus presence was associated with leaf dieback, wilting, and curling. Leaf reddening and yellowing, commonly associated with MWP, were not associated with viral infection, suggesting that other biotic or abiotic factors may be responsible for these symptoms. Viral infections and MWP symptoms were significantly lower in plots planted with vitroplants (VPs) compared to those using suckers, highlighting the potential of VPs in reducing viral infections. These findings highlight the complexity of MWP and underscore the potential benefits of using virus-free VPs to manage the disease
Land Use Optimization in Small Islands: A Water-Energy-Food Nexus Approach
No full textDue to their isolation, limited resources, and high population density, small islands are particularly vulnerable to multi-sectoral crises. The study of sustainability on small islands raises, among other challenges, the need to balance the use of local resources -such as water, food and energy-while effectively managing urban sprawl. This paper introduces a systemic approach that explores the interdependencies among multiple resources and production systems, framed within the Water-Energy-Food (WEF) nexus, with a specific focus on assessing land use competition driven by the dynamics of land use change. In this paper, we propose a novel approach of the WEF nexus through the optimization of scenarios that make use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) integrated with a robust optimization model. The contributions include constructing integrated scenarios that encompass agricultural production, electricity production, and urban sprawl dynamics, highlighting their impacts on land use change and their combined effects on energy and food production from several local resources by 2035. The model is applied to Reunion Island, using real-world data to build insightful scenarios that facilitate informed decision-making. Our proposed model functions as a spatial analysis tool, enabling the identification of optimal agricultural parcels for urban development and potential areas for electricity and food production within a systemic approach. Besides, it provides medium-term projections regarding the impact of integrated scenarios on local food and energy production. As such, it serves as a relevant decision-support tool for local policymakers at the island scale
Coral Genetic Structure in the Western Indian Ocean Mirrors Ocean Circulation and Thermal Stress History
No full textInternational audienceABSTRACT Global warming and rising sea temperatures are pushing many reef‐building coral species towards extinction. As thermal tolerance in corals is partially heritable, identifying genes under thermal selection is critical for targeted biodiversity management. However, it remains unclear how large connectivity breaks (> 100 km of open sea) might affect the spread of adaptive alleles for different coral species in discontinuous reef networks such as the Western Indian Ocean (WIO). To address this, we applied a seascape genomics approach to model (i) population structure and (ii) thermal adaptive potentials for two keystone coral species, Acropora muricata and Pocillopora damicornis , across the WIO. Northern reefs in the Seychelles were largely genetically isolated from southern reefs in Rodrigues and Mauritius for both species, potentially driven by regional oceanographic barriers. Isolation‐by‐resistance calculated from ocean currents during reproductive months better explained regional genetic differences than isolation‐by‐distance alone. Spatial patterns of genetic variation were best captured by variables representing thermal stress, including sea surface temperature variability, accumulating heat stress, and fine‐scale reef structure. Using these variables in genotype–environment association (GEA) analyses identified hundreds of loci under putative thermal selection, including several linked to genes involved in heat stress responses. We detected 12 molecular functions enriched in A. muricata and 20 enriched in P. damicornis , generally pertaining to cellular signalling, transport mechanisms, metabolism, and protein quality control, including six genes annotated as the heat‐shock chaperone protein Sacsin for A. muricata . We produce species‐specific maps estimating the putative thermally adaptive seascape across the WIO, which, when combined with population structure and previous ocean current models, indicate that the spread of heat adapted genotypes may be inhibited across the WIO. This research provides valuable insights into WIO coral population structure and thermal adaptive potentials to inform local and regional conservation management across the region