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Rapport de recherche Transition Rapide et Juste des Élevages Bretons
No full textThis report, produced as part of the Trajé’Bretons project, aims to shed light on the various forms of energy transition in agriculture and to examine their implications in terms of economic performance, as well as environmental and social issues. Indeed, a socio-technical transition such as the energy transition entails major disruptions, particularly in the commitments and practices of the actors involved, foremost among them livestock farmers. The transformations brought about by these transitions require an inevitable reorganization of farms and affect not only their economic performance, but also employment, working conditions, farmers’ health, professional practices, and their relationship to their occupation and its role in society. Focusing on the case of Brittany (France), this report seeks to understand how farmers and agriculture are being reshaped through the implementation of the energy transition. These changes may be perceived as more or less fair, and as sufficiently rapid—or not—to contribute effectively to the energy transition required in response to the ongoing ecological crisis.Ce rapport, issu du projet Trajé’Bretons, a pour objectif d’apporter des éclairages sur les types de transition énergétique en agriculture et de comprendre ce que cela peut induire, au regard des objectifs de performances économiques, et des enjeux environnementaux et sociaux. En effet, une transition sociotechnique telle que la transition énergétique implique des ruptures importantes, notamment dans les modalités d’engagement et les pratiques des acteurs qui la mettent en œuvre, au premier rang desquels se situent ici les éleveurs. Les transformations induites par ces transitions supposent une réorganisation inévitable des exploitations agricoles et ont des effets non seulement sur leurs performances économiques mais aussi sur l’emploi, les conditions de travail, la santé des éleveurs, leurs pratiques professionnelles et leur rapport au métier et à sa place dans la société. A partir du cas de la Bretagne, l’objectif de ce rapport est de comprendre comment les agriculteurs et l’agriculture sont transformés par la mise en place de la transition énergétique. Ces transformations peuvent ensuite être perçues comme justes ou injustes, et comme suffisamment rapides ou non pour participer à la transition énergétique nécessaire face à la crise écologique en cours
Initiation aux SIG - Travaux Dirigés: Support d'exercices pour l'apprentissage des SIG en utilisant QGIS
No full textLicenceCe livret contient six TD d’initiation aux Systèmes d’Information Géographique avec le logiciel QGIS. Chaque TD aborde des concepts variés, de la découverte de l’interface du logiciel, aux jointures spatiales en passant par le calcul raster et les sélections attributaires, entre autres.</div
The Paris Sewer Renaissance: Data, Health and Participatory Science
No full textInternational audienceAging urban wastewater infrastructure, often overlooked, can become a powerful lever for environmental and public health policy. Through the lens of the Parisian sewer system, this article highlights the growing pressures on sanitation networks -from combined sewer overflows to emerging chemical contaminants -and the limits of current treatment technologies. Yet, it also illustrates how wastewater can serve as a valuable resource. Initiatives like OBÉPINE have demonstrated the feasibility of wastewater-based epidemiology at scale, while participatory initiatives such as those performed in EGOUT show that citizen engagement and scientific monitoring can go hand in hand. Together, these efforts redefine wastewater as more than waste: It is a mirror of collective behavior, a platform for community science and a tool for decision-making. As cities face urgent climate and health challenges, this work calls for policies that reconnect people with infrastructure and invest in data-driven, inclusive approaches to urban sustainability. Policy Recommendations• Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has transformed sewers into real-time monitoring tools, with initiatives like OBÉPINE in France demonstrating their value for national health surveillance and broader environmental policy.• Aging combined sewer systems like Paris's face mounting pressures from climate change, urban densification, and emerging contaminants, making combined sewer overflows a persistent environmental and regulatory challenge.• Participatory projects such as EGOUT show how wastewater science can reconnect citizens with invisible infrastructure, using co-designed interventions to link daily habits, health promotion, and community engagement.</div
Reconstructing multi-decadal daily river water temperature in the Seine RiverBasin (France) with a bidirectional LSTM and basin-location embeddings
No full textInternational audienceLong-term hydrological time series are essential for planning effective water-resource management strategies that balance competing water and energy uses and preserve ecosystem functioning. In particular, long-term large-scale surface water temperature (SWT) time series are crucial for enhancing understanding of climate change impacts and for quantifying uncertainties in the occurrence of critical periods affecting water and energy uses, as well as ecosystem balance. However, these datasets inevitably contain missing observations, and long-term data series with large spatial coverage remain scarce. Modeling approaches provide valuable tools for estimating surface water temperature dynamics when observations are missing. Owing to their low data requirements and fast computation times, statistically based approaches are well suited to large spatial scales, where physically based approaches often become impractical to apply. Among statistically based methods, recurrent neural networks, such as Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) models, have recently shown considerable potential for time series imputation (Cao et al., 2018 https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1805.10572; Che et al., 2018 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-24271-9) and for simulating hydrological variables, including SWT (e.g. Saadi et al., 2025 https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3393). The aim of the present work was to develop and assess an approach for reconstructing long-term SWT time series at the scale of a large river basin using an LSTM model. The study was conducted at the scale of the Seine River Basin, including nearly 80 monitoring stations providing daily SWT observations, and relied on continuous meteorological data from 1958 to 2025 derived from the SAFRAN system (Vidal et al., 2010 10.1002/joc.2003). The developed model was designed to simulate a one-year daily SWT sequence, considering both dynamic and static inputs. Dynamic inputs include one-year sequences of meteorological data and the daily SWT time series to be reconstructed, as well as masks used to identify missing values in the SWT input (Quian et al., 2024 arXiv:2405.17508v1). Static inputs include features characterizing the monitoring stations, such as hydrological (mean and low-flow discharges), geographical and meteorological features. The model architecture is composed of two sequential modules: (i) a bidirectional LSTM that encodes basin-scale temporal dynamics from dynamic inputs, and (ii) a multilayer perceptron that combines the LSTM’s final hidden states with a learned embedding representing the target monitoring station to generate the full annual SWT sequence. This approach enables the reconstruction of daily SWT across the basin over multiple decades, handling a wide range of missing-data situations - from sporadic gaps to entirely missing time series - by leveraging covariates and influential drivers, primarily meteorological factors
Matériologie profonde : Le manifeste: Pour un recalibrage du design et des processus industriels à l’échelle terrestre
No full textInternational audienceLa matériologie profonde dont les principes sont déclinés dans les pages qui suivent est une discipline d’enquête et de design, qui tire les leçons du néomatérialisme sur l’intrication des phénomènes biologiques, physiques et matériels. Elle explore la complexité « compositionnelle » des objets, des infrastructures et des systèmes techniques afin d’orienter leur production et leur gouvernance. Elle articule immersion, investigation, exploration de modèles de conception alternatifs et aide à la prise de décision. Les auteurs nous proposent quatre kits par lesquels tisser de nouveaux liens avec la matière. Ces kits, d’enquête, de design, d’enseignement et, enfin, de gouvernance et de circulation des données, permettent de restituer à la matière son étrangeté, sa bizarrerie complexe et ses strates infinies. Quelle bizarrerie? La bizarrerie de la matière qui nous est inhospitalière : celle dont l'apnéiste fait l'expérience dans les profondeurs, celle de la matière irradiée, ou encore, celle des usines où l'on ne peut entrer qu'en scaphandre
Review of G. Ioannidopoulos, La Questure. Histoire d’une magistrature de la République romaine (264-27 av. J.-C.). Brussels: Presses Universitaires de Liège, 2024. Pp. 820, illus. isbn 9782875624208 (pbk), €49.00.
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Revolução e construção social do poder. Uma história regressiva de dois povoados do México central, 2009-1910
No full textInternational audienceThis paper proposes to compare the social construction of power in two towns of the same municipality, located in the southwest of the State of Tlaxcala, in central Mexico. Despite their proximity, both towns had a very different history and a social hierarchy built on different bases. While San Miguel del Milagro was a sanctuary heir to the pre-Hispanic religious center of Cacaxtla, almost devoid of land when the Revolution broke out in 1910, Santa Apolonia Teacalco was a newly created town (former barrio of the cabecera) with land purchased from nearby haciendas and ranches. Through a regressive history used to compensate for the lack of access to ecclesiastical archival sources and the analysis of documents related to agrarian reform and civil justice lawsuits, we study the strategies of the families of these towns to build their power within their respective towns by occupying civil and religious positions and seeking to control political institutions. The main hypothesis is that, despite sharing a history closely linked to the church and having gone through the Revolution together, in a Zapatista zone and under the authority of the same authorities - municipal, judicial, state - the differentiated social structuring of each village was the determining element in the construction of their long-term bargaining power.El presente trabajo propone comparar la construcción social del poder en dos pueblos de un mismo municipio, ubicado en el suroeste del Estado de Tlaxcala, en el centro de México. A pesar de su cercanía, ambos pueblos tuvieron una historia muy distinta y una jerarquía social construida sobre bases diferentes. Mientras San Miguel del Milagro era un santuario heredero del centro religioso prehispánico de Cacaxtla, casi desprovisto de tierra cuando la Revolución estalló en 1910, Santa Apolonia Teacalco era un pueblo de reciente creación (antiguo barrio de la cabecera) con tierras compradas a haciendas y ranchos cercanos. Mediante une historia regresiva utilizada para compensar la falta de acceso a fuentes de los archivos eclesiásticos y el análisis de documentos relativos a la reforma agraria y pleitos de justicia civil, se estudia las estrategias de las familias de estos pueblos para construir su poder dentro de sus respectivos pueblos ocupando cargos civiles y religiosos y buscando controlar las instituciones políticas. La principal hipótesis es que, a pesar de compartir una historia estrechamente vinculada con la iglesia y haber atravesado juntos la Revolución, en una zona zapatista y bajo la autoridad de unas mismas autoridades – municipales, judiciales, estatales – la estructuración social diferenciada de cada pueblo fue el elementoEste artigo se propõe a comparar a construção social do poder em dois vilarejos do mesmo município, localizados no sudoeste do Estado de Tlaxcala, na região central do México. Apesar da proximidade, os dois povoados tinham uma história muito diferente e uma hierarquia social construída sobre bases distintas. Enquanto San Miguel del Milagro era um santuário herdeiro do centro religioso pré-hispânico de Cacaxtla, quase desprovido de terras quando a Revolução estourou em 1910, Santa Apolonia Teacalco era um vilarejo recém-criado (antigo barrio da cabecera) com terras compradas de fazendas e ranchos próximos. Por meio de uma história regressiva usada para compensar a falta de acesso a fontes de arquivos eclesiásticos e da análise de documentos relacionados à reforma agrária e a ações judiciais civis, estudamos as estratégias das famílias dessas cidades para construir seu poder dentro de suas respectivas cidades, ocupando cargos civis e religiosos e buscando controlar as instituições políticas. A principal hipótese é que, apesar de compartilharem uma história intimamente ligada à igreja e terem passado juntos pela Revolução, em uma zona zapatista e sob a autoridade das mesmas autoridades - municipal, judicial, estadual -, a estruturação social diferenciada de cada vilarejo foi o elemento determinante na construção de seu poder de barganha de longo prazo
Actualité de la recherche sur les peintures murales bouddhiques du monde tibétain
No full textColligere. Le carnet des bibliothèques et archives du Collège de Franc
Biomimicry-Inspired Urban Design Transformation in the Grand Paris Express: Exploring Cross-Disciplinary Thinking in Architecture Education
No full textInternational audienceace aux défis du changement climatique et de la raréfaction des ressources, l’enseignement de l’architecture doit intégrer des approches interdisciplinaires innovantes. Cette étude explore comment une pédagogie structurée autour du biomimétisme développe la pensée transversale chez les étudiants en architecture, dans le contexte des enjeux de durabilité à l’échelle urbaine.S’appuyant sur une étude de cas qualitative menée auprès de 17 étudiants en quatrième année à la California Polytechnic State University, la recherche analyse des projets biomimétiques appliqués à l’infrastructure du Grand Paris Express. Le cadre analytique combine la taxonomie de Bloom, la méthodologie du Design Thinking et des indicateurs de créativité.Les résultats montrent des progrès notables en pensée systémique : 71 % des projets atteignent des niveaux cognitifs supérieurs. Les étudiants ont réussi à intégrer des principes biologiques pour répondre à des problématiques de gestion de l’eau, de régulation thermique et d’optimisation spatiale. Néanmoins, 63 % des stratégies combinant inspirations végétales et animales n’ont pas abouti dans les projets finaux, révélant la nécessité d’un accompagnement pédagogique renforcé pour les approches multi-modèles
Phrase
No full textpre printIn linguistics, the term phrase is used to refer to a group of words acting together as a unit. Groups of words can form a unit with respect to different properties: their meaning (PHRASAL COLLOCATIONS), their intonational contour (INTONATIONAL PHRASES) or their structural properties (SYNTACTIC PHRASES). The different types of phrases can be orthogonal to each other; for example a phrasal collocation need not coincide with an intonational phrase, or with a syntactic phrase. Phrase structure grammars are models of constituent structure that rely on syntactic phrases as primary building blocks