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Le peuple existe-t‑il ? L’expression du collectif dans la Chronique anglo-saxonne
No full textInternational audienceAu cours des ix e - xi e siècles, l’Angleterre construit son unité et, sur le modèle continental, se dote d’outils textuels destinés à appuyer les prétentions des rois. La Chronique anglo-saxonne fait figure de récit national visant à démontrer la coalescence entre une royauté unifiée et un peuple chrétien anglais. Dans cette optique, les notions de peuple et d’habitant sont passées inaperçues, les historiens ayant préféré s’attaquer directement à la notion d’anglicité ( Angelcynn , gens Anglorum ). Le but de l’article est de comprendre comment la Chronique envisage ces notions voisines, en étudiant un ensemble de parasynonymes ( folc , þeod , leod , ware ). Ces mots s’articulent en outre à des questions d’histoire militaire, à un problème sociologique et à l’essor même de la monarchie qui se serait appuyée sur l’action du « peuple ». Que désignent les mots étudiés ? Quelles cohérences les chroniqueurs permettent-ils de relever ? Existe-t‑il des évolutions notoires dans l’usage de ces mots
Cadrage écologique et moins de recommandations augmentent l'adhésion envers les comportement de prévention à l'exposition aux perturbateurs endocriniens
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction. Health recommendations aimed at reducing exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) seek to facilitate understanding of a complex topic involving multiple behavioral recommendations across various domains.Purpose. However, presenting too many recommendations may exceed attentional and memory resources, thereby reducing comprehension and adherence. This study tested whether an integrative warning message combining human and ecological health arguments ("One Health–One Planet" framing) would enhance adherence to behavioral recommendations compared with a message focusing solely on personal health risks.Method. In a two-wave online study, French participants (N = 381) received a general message about EDCs that was framed either ecologically or personally. The message was followed by three, nine, or fifteen behavioral recommendations spanning food, cosmetics, and indoor air. Message fatigue was statistically controlled.Results. Behavioral intention increased one month after message exposure. For self-reported behaviors, participants receiving three recommendations reported the highest behavioral engagement (M = 5.45, SD = 1.84), followed by those receiving nine (M = 4.90, SD = 1.93) and fifteen recommendations (M = 4.18, SD = 1.87), F(2, 363) = 6.23, p = .002, η²p = .033. A significant framing effect also emerged, F(1, 363) = 8.76, p = .003, η²p = .024, with ecologically framed messages (M = 5.21, SD = 1.96) producing higher behavioral scores than self-focused messages (M = 4.61, SD = 1.88).Conclusion. Contrary to prior research emphasizing the benefits of multiple recommendations, fewer recommendations optimized behavioral engagement in the complex context of EDCs. Ecologically framed messages were more persuasive than self-focused messages; however, framing did not moderate the detrimental impact of excessive recommendations. These findings suggest that global understanding of EDCs may rely on different motivational and cognitive processes than those underlying domain-specific health behavior change
Building localized and generic scenarios for sea and river dikes based on their socio-ecological footprint
No full textInternational audienceIn light of climate change and a new regulatory context, the DIGUES research program is exploring the potential futures of French dikes up to 2050. An interdisciplinary, forward-looking approach has been applied to consider the socio-ecological footprint of the ways in which dikes evolve. It brings together social and environmental sciences with stakeholder participation to build localized and generic scenarios. This approach offers an alternative to technical approaches based solely on sea or river defense, as it puts forward a method that links the physical dynamics of the environment to social and organizational issues and variables. The pathways presented (dikes maintained in their current state, reinforced, lowered, or moved back) therefore position the future of dikes in terms of continuity or transformative strategies in a context where territories take on greater responsibility in the face of climate change. In diking strategies, local public action is still driven by territorial goals and should consider more environmental dynamics. Developing territorial projects that include social and ecological elements helps to promote transformative strategies
From Feminist Activism to Academia? Fifty Years of Research on Gender-Based Violence in France
No full textInternational audienceIn France, knowledge production about gender-based violence (GBV) has evolved alongside the gradual formation of a dedicated GBV cause field, progressing through three key phases. GBV was initially framed through the lens of 1970s materialist feminism and conceptualized using the notion of domination. Feminist research expanded through increased engagement with public institutions—many of which were not originally concerned with violence or gender issues. Statistical hybridization played a crucial role in legitimizing GBV both as a subject of scholarly inquiry and as a public policy concern. Since the mid-2010s, research explicitly using the GBV framework has continued to grow rapidly, elevating the issue's public legitimacy. Paradoxically, though, recognition of this issue in France has remained limited.En France, la production de connaissances sur les violences de genre a évolué parallèlement à la formation progressive d’un "espace de la cause des violences de genre", en passant par trois phases clés. Les violences de genre ont d’abord été abordées sous l’angle du féminisme matérialiste des années 1970 et conceptualisées à l’aide de la notion de domination. Du début des années 2000 au milieu des années 2010, la recherche féministe s’est développée grâce à un engagement accru auprès des institutions publiques, dont beaucoup ne s’intéressaient pas à l’origine aux questions de violence ou de genre. L’hybridation statistique a joué un rôle crucial dans la légitimation des violences de genre, à la fois comme sujet de recherche universitaire et comme préoccupation de politique publique. Depuis le milieu des années 2010, les recherches utilisant explicitement le cadre des violences de genre ont continué à se développer rapidement, renforçant la légitimité publique de cette question. Paradoxalement, cependant, la reconnaissance de cette question en France reste limitée
A call for robust evaluations of the impacts of serious games for climate change mitigation: The Climate Fresk as a global case study
No full textInternational audienceSerious games and gamified workshops are increasingly used in sustainability education, yet their actual cognitive, emotional, attitudinal, and behavioral impacts remain under-evaluated. The Climate Fresk is a widely implemented example, with over two million participants in more than 150 countries. Designed to raise climate awareness through collaborative learning and emotional engagement, its growing popularity contrasts with the limited scientific assessment of its effectiveness. This perspective paper uses The Climate Fresk as a case study to examine the broader challenges of evaluating serious games in climate education. Drawing on insights from environmental psychology, educational and behavioral sciences, we analyze its potential mechanisms of action, identify key moderating factors, such as participant characteristics, facilitator attributes, and implementation context, and highlight limitations in current evaluation practices. We conclude by outlining a research agenda that emphasizes the need for rigorous, theory-driven experimental designs, including randomized controlled trials focused on relevant psychological determinants of behavior change. Such efforts are essential to establish the evidence base required to improve the effectiveness, reproducibility, and scalability of gamified climate education interventions
Where Geopolitical Risk Binds: Stockpiling and AI as Complementary Strategies for Mitigating Supply Chain Risk in Critical Minerals
No full textWe develop novel, stage-specific, geopolitical risk indicators to examine how geopolitical risk is distributed across the supply-chain for lithium and copper, two minerals which are vital for low-carbon technologies. We find that refining is the geopolitical bottleneck for both minerals, reflecting that refining capacity is highly concentrated in China. We examine refining diversification, strategic stockpiling, and AI-driven productivity gains as complementary policy instruments for mitigating exposure to geopolitical risk at the refining stage. We show that reducing China’s refining share substantially lowers refining-stage geopolitical risk, with larger gains for lithium than for copper. We find that stockpiling plays a critical role in buffering near-term geopolitical shocks, but significantly increases the projected shortfall in copper and lithium which is needed to realize the clean energy transition under alternative Net Zero pathways. We demonstrate that AI-driven productivity gains will be needed to narrow the projected supply gaps for both minerals. Our results suggest that ensuring effective security of critical minerals requires a coordinated policy mix, combining refining diversification, strategic stockpiling, and productivity-enhancing technological change
LA SECURITE COGNITIVE : DEFINITION ET ANALYSE DE LA MENACE
No full textLa multiplication des manipulations informationnelles, des opérations d’influence et des systèmes de décision hybrides humain–machine impose de repenser les cadres classiques de la sécurité informationnelle. Cet article propose une définition opératoire de la sécurité cognitive, entendue comme la capacité d’un système de décision à maintenir des choix fiables malgré des tentatives délibérées de manipulation des flux informationnels ou des processus décisionnels. Il introduit un cadre conceptuel tridimensionnel permettant de cartographier systématiquement les vulnérabilités cognitives selon le niveau du système (individuel ou collectif), le degré de rationalité (limitée ou quasi parfaite) et la nature des menaces (attaques sur les flux ou sur les algorithmes). À partir de ce cadre, l’article analyse de manière systématique huit configurations de menace, en mettant en évidence leurs mécanismes, leurs effets empiriquement observables et leurs interactions non linéaires. Cette analyse montre que les menaces cognitives sont fondamentalement systémiques, dynamiques et persistantes, et qu’elles ne peuvent être comprises ni traitées isolément. L’article constitue ainsi une base analytique destinée à éclairer les travaux ultérieurs sur les stratégies de défense et de résilience cognitive
Political organization and territorial dynamics in the hinterland of the Maya city of Naachtun, Guatemala
No full textInternational audienc
Representing Violence Against Women: Asylum, Voice, and Testimony
No full textInternational audienceThis timely interdisciplinary volume brings academic research into dialogue with women who have experienced the asylum process, activists, and NGOs. It reveals the obstacles that women are confronted with during asylum processes, when relaying their testimonies that involve violence. Women’s voices are marginalized and often erased because of multiple barriers within refugee status determination procedures and asylum and refugee reception systems. Conditions need to change so that women can voice their testimonies and know that they will be listened to and heard, and that their voices and experiences will “count” within asylum processes and lead to effective protection. This book is a site of knowledge exchange between women survivors and activists, and policy makers. It contains first-hand accounts of the asylum processes by women survivors and activists and offers examples of how the arts and humanities might open up avenues of expression and testimony for women seeking asylum through practices of co-production, creating safe spaces of representation for women to talk about their lived experiences of violence and exile but also, and crucially, resistance and resilience