Portail HAL de l’Università di Corsica Pasquale Paoli
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membre nommé au titre des personnes qualifiées (universitaires UCPP) au conseil de gestion du parc naturel marin du Capicorsu et de l’Agriate, 2022-2023 pour un mandat de 5 ans
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A reexamination of the firm innovation process: sensitivity to sample and estimation methods
No full textInternational audienceIn this article, we re-examine the innovation process through the CDM model. Compared to the existing literature, this study offers several contributions. First, it relies on an unusually large dataset of 509,033 firms from nine European countries – Bulgaria, the Czech Republic,Estonia, Spain, Hungary, Lithuania, Portugal, Romania, and Slovakia – over the period 1998–2016. This extensive dataset allows us to explore cross-country heterogeneity, as well as potential temporal trends across multiple survey waves. Second, the paper provides asystematic and detailed review of the vast CDM literature, offering a structured synthesis of prior findings and highlighting the main areas where results diverge across studies. Third, methodologically, we compare three alternative estimation strategies, which enablesus to evaluate the robustness of our findings and to identify potential sources of heterogeneity in estimated relationships. Across all specifications, we find that R&D investment has a positive effect on the share of new products in sales, which subsequently enhances firm performance. Promoting innovation can have a substantial impact on performance. However, the magnitudes of these effects vary depending on the country, the estimation method, and the treatment of potential biases. In some countries, innovationgenerates stronger positive spillover effects on firm performance, while others are more effective at transforming R&D into innovation but face challenges in converting this innovation into productivity gains. This implies, on the one hand, that public policies must be context-specific, and on the other hand, that the choice of estimation method and the treatment of potential biases can significantly affect the robustness and validity of the results
Experimental and Numerical Study of Vegetation Moisture Content on Wildfire Intensity: The Seasonal Effect
No full textInternational audienceThis study presents the Moisture Dynamic Model (MDM), a new semi-physical formulation designed to estimate Fuel Moisture Content (FMC) using only air temperature and relative humidity. The core innovation of this work lies in the introduction of an Arrhenius-type kinetic term into a fuel moisture prediction framework, allowing temperature-driven desorption processes to be explicitly represented within a lightweight operational model. Its predictive capability was assessed through experimental campaigns on Cistus monspeliensis shrublands in Corsica and validated using FireStar3D simulations. A second major contribution is the coupling of the MDM with the physical wildfire simulator FireStar3D to quantify how FMC prediction errors propagate into fire spread predictions. The MDM accurately reproduced the seasonal variability of FMC, achieving strong correlation with experimental data during dry summer periods. When coupled with FireStar3D, discrepancies in the predicted rate of spread remained below 4% under high-risk meteorological conditions. While the model performed robustly during summer, its accuracy decreased during spring, when rainfall events and microclimatic variability introduced greater uncertainty. This work represents a proof of concept demonstrating the potential of a simple physically interpretable FMC model for operational fire behaviour prediction
Synthesised database of wild bee and hoverfly records in Europe
No full textInternational audienceWild bees (Hymenoptera: Anthophila) and hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae), the two major groups of insect pollinators, are undergoing alarming declines worldwide, including Europe. The lack of accessible and verified spatial and temporal occurrence records currently challenges efforts to understand and mitigate this decline. Here, we compiled datasets from diverse sources, including taxonomists, national experts, public repositories, museum collections, published literature, verified open-access platforms, and aggregated datasets from previous European projects. The collected data were standardised, cleaned and validated by taxonomists and national experts. This collective effort resulted in two databases comprising more than 4.34 million and 1.04 million records for wild bees and hoverflies, respectively. The databases cover 97% of the European bee fauna (2,083 species out of 2,138 recorded in Europe) and 97% of the European hoverfly fauna (886 species out of 913 recorded in Europe). These standardised databases constitute essential resources for future assessments of status and trends, habitat associations, and other research and conservation initiatives to protect and understand wild pollinators on the European continent
Développement rural, tourisme culturel et revitalisation linguistique en Corse: la Cerca paulina
No full textInternational audienceThe A Cerca paulina project, born out of a call for projects for the tercentenary of Pasquale Paoli (2025), combines art and action research to promote the historical and cultural figure of this Corsican revolutionary, who remains little known despite his political legacy inspired by the Enlightenment. In Corsica, where cultural tourism remains marginal, the project explores the revitalisation of the Corsican language and memory through a travelling exhibition combining photographs, videos and conferences. Focusing on Cap Corse, the project draws on local partnerships to create artistic itineraries in chapels and heritage sites. It also addresses linguistic challenges : how can tourism promotion, the revitalisation of the Corsican language and inclusivity be reconciled?Cet article analyse A Cerca paulina, projet de recherche-action et de recherche-création mené dans le Cap Corse en 2025 pour le tricentenaire de Pasquale Paoli. Fondé sur une exposition artistique multisite et un cycle de conférences, le projet interroge la diffusion des savoirs historiques, les usages mémoriels et les tensions entre tourisme culturel, médiation scientifique et revitalisation de la langue corse dans un contexte de forte saisonnalité touristique
Acceptability of public health information and prevention measures by gay men, bisexual men and men who have sex with men during the French Mpox outbreak in 2022: the ANRS-MPX-SHS cross-sectional survey
No full textInternational audienceObjectives This study investigated the acceptability by gay men, bisexual men and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) of French public health information and prevention measures implemented during the 2022 Mpox outbreak. Methods ANRS-MPX-SHS "Mpox: perception of risks, health measures and vaccination" is a cross-sectional survey conducted in GBMSM between July and September 2022. Online questionnaires collected information about Mpox-related awareness, perceptions and prevention behaviours. Multiple correspondence analysis identified participant profiles according to their level of acceptability of the information and prevention measures implemented during the 2022 outbreak. The study outcome was a variable grouping participants into three profiles: ‘strong endorsers’, ‘uninformed hesitant endorsers’ and ‘indifferent objectors’. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate factors associated with each profile. Results Of the 5688 participants, 5320 (93.5%) had available data for the outcome. The latter were mostly cisgender men (98%), aged between 35 and 54 years (54.5%), with tertiary education (82%); 44% were living in the Greater Paris region. Strong endorsers, uninformed hesitant endorsers and indifferent objectors accounted for 77.8%, 14.4% and 7.8% of the sample, respectively. Participants with tertiary education, those who had sex exclusively with men, those taking pre-exposure prophylaxis (ie, HIV-negative participants), HIV-positive participants and individuals living in the Greater Paris region, were all less likely to be uninformed hesitant endorsers or indifferent objectors. Participants with no lifetime HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening and those with infrequent screening were, respectively, more likely to belong to these two profiles. Conclusions Participants’ acceptability of the information and prevention measures implemented during the 2022 Mpox outbreak in France depended on the perceived capability of public health authorities to effectively diversify information targets, representations and communication channels. In order to prevent the transmission of Mpox (and other STIs) in the general population in future outbreaks, information and measures adopted must take into account the needs, perceptions and experiences of persons never or not regularly screened for HIV/STIs
Transfer learning for wind speed forecasting: A scalable approach for data-scarce environments
No full textInternational audienceAccurate wind speed forecasting plays a central role in the integration of wind energy into modern power systems. However, in many regions, the deployment of data-driven models is limited by the scarcity of historical wind measurements. This study investigates the potential of transfer learning (TL) to address this issue by reusing models trained on data-rich locations to forecast wind speed in underinstrumented sites. Using a dataset from 70 meteorological stations across Spain, spanning diverse climatic conditions, we compared TL with conventional direct learning (DL) using Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) and Autoregressive (AR) models. Forecasts were performed over horizons ranging from 30 minutes to 6 hours and evaluated using normalized Root Mean Squared Error (nRMSE) and normalized Mean Absolute Error (nMAE). Across 4,830 TL experiments, results show that TL achieves forecast accuracy close to that of DL, with average nRMSE ranging from 0.297 (TL) to 0.292 (DL) for 30-minute horizons, and from 0.674 to 0.640 for 360-minute forecasts. These findings confirm that TL is a robust and scalable approach for wind speed forecasting in data-scarce environments. The methodology opens promising avenues for the deployment of forecasting tools in regions where traditional data-driven models remain inapplicable due to limited local measurements
L’impact des régulations sur l’activité de location de courte durée au Pays Basque
No full textInternational audienceThis paper evaluates the impact of short-term rental regulations in the 24 municipalities of the French Basque Country classified as high-pressure areas over the 2016–2024 period, using monthly AirDNA data and the Synthetic Difference-in-Differences (Synthetic DiD) method, with a heterogeneity approach distinguishing major tourist hubs, small seaside resorts, and inland municipalities.The first regulation, implemented in January 2020 and based on mandatory registration and prior authorization for change of use, led to a significant decrease in the number of active listings, booked nights, revenue, and average daily rate. The number of nights per listing remained stable, indicating that the adjustment occurred primarily through the withdrawal of supply rather than a reduction in usage intensity. However, with the net flow of listings remaining positive, this regulation acted mainly as a formalization mechanism, regularizing previously informal rentals and thereby enhancing transparency and the visibility of rental returns. This process can paradoxically increase the attractiveness of real estate investment, by making returns more observable and activity less uncertain, which may attract additional investors and exert upward pressure on residential housing prices, particularly in the most touristic areas.The second regulation, introduced in March 2023 and combining change-of-use authorization with a compensation requirement, including for listings already on the market, resulted in a more pronounced and lasting contraction of activity, with net withdrawals confirmed by data from other platforms (e.g., Vrbo), excluding a simple inter-platform shift.Overall, the two measures play complementary roles: the first structures and formalizes the market, while the second directly reduces the quantity of listings. Neither regulation, however, leads to a significant short-term decrease in residential housing prices, highlighting the complexity of adjustments in real estate markets within high-pressure tourist areas.Cet article évalue l'impact des régulations des locations meublées de tourisme dans les 24 communes du Pays Basque classées en zone tendue sur la période 2016–2024, à partir de données mensuelles AirDNA et de la méthode des différences-en-différences synthétique (Synthetic DiD), avec une hétérogénéité territoriale distinguant pôles touristiques majeurs, petites stations littorales et communes intérieures.La première régulation (janvier 2020), fondée sur l'enregistrement obligatoire et l'autorisation préalable de changement d'usage, réduit significativement le nombre d'annonces actives, les nuitées réservées, le chiffre d'affaires et le prix moyen par nuitée. La stabilité des nuitées par annonce indique que l'ajustement s'opère par sortie d'offre plutôt que par réduction d'intensité d'usage. Toutefois, le flux net d'annonces restant positif, cette régulation agit principalement comme un mécanisme de formalisation, en régularisant des logements auparavant informels, ce qui renforce la transparence et la visibilité des rendements locatifs. Ce processus peut paradoxalement accroître l'attractivité de l'investissement immobilier, en rendant les rendements plus observables et l'activité moins incertaine, ce qui est susceptible d'attirer davantage d'investisseurs et d'exercer une pression à la hausse sur les prix résidentiels, notamment dans les zones les plus touristiques.La seconde régulation (mars 2023), combinant autorisation de changement d'usage et obligation de compensation y compris pour les logements déjà présents sur le marché, entraîne une contraction plus marquée et durable de l'activité, avec des sorties nettes confirmées par les données d'autres plateformes (Vrbo), excluant un simple report inter-plateformes.Au total, les deux mesures jouent des rôles complémentaires : la première structure et formalise le marché, la seconde en réduit directement les quantités. Aucune ne conduit toutefois, à court terme, à une baisse significative des prix résidentiels, soulignant la complexité des ajustements sur les marchés immobiliers en zones touristiques tendues
From stereotypes of Mediterranean identity to the Mediterranean community: polyphonic cultural heritage and contemporary challenges of habitability
No full textInternational audienceThe Mediterranean is an international, intercontinental, multi-faith, multilingual, multilateral subject. An historical and an becoming subject. It is the landscape of our childhoods and our leisure—and today, as in Homer, it has once again become a theatre of war.The Mediterranean is a geography, a landscape, a light. It is a dream for people who live in the North as well as those who live in the South. It is a postcard experience. Sometimes, that postcard becomes a revelation. Since the Etruscans, our shores have seen a multitude of idols and gods pass by. The Mediterranean experience consecrates the celebration of Humanity and place, as in Albert Camus’s Nuptials. It leads to mourning when it becomes the shroud of migrants fleeing war or hunger.At incomparable periods and scales, the Mediterranean is exchange and conflict. It is also a history of dominations whose direction shifts. Sometimes from South to South, sometimes from North to North, sometimes from South to North… and sometimes the reverse. The Carthaginians reached as far as Sardinia. The Greeks, then the Romans, conquered its shores. The Arabs defeated the Amazigh in the seventh century. In the nineteenth century and until the middle of the twentieth, Europeans dominated the South—until they were driven out. The balances remain fragile. Armies still concentrate their soldiers and ships there. Wars continue to blood-stain the Mediterranean in the Middle East.A “political Mediterranean” no more exists than the “Europe” of Stefan Zweig, Albert Camus, Romain Gary, Simone Weil, or Pablo Picasso. They witnessed—and were sometimes victims of—the worst atrocities committed in Europe. And yet they did not give up on the idea of a shared future. Despite immense difficulties and persistent imperfections, Europe managed to rebuild itself and to invent a European community—solidary, prosperous, and at peace.Let me offer you a three-part thread. First, why move from the stereotypes of Mediterranean-ness to the idea of a Mediterranean community. Second, starting from Corsophony, I would like to show what linguistic vitality reveals about habitability. Finally, we will open onto concrete levers for scientific cooperation in the Mediterranean.From Mediterranean-ness to a Mediterranean CommunityThe Mediterranean is a lifestyle or an identity that some reduce to “Mediterranean-ness.” Mediterranean-ness can become a stereotype imposed from outside by modernity: a Mediterranean written, narrated, and sold by those who look at it as a backdrop. It is the Mediterranean of exoticism that appeared notably after Napoleon Bonaparte’s conquest of Egypt. It is the “invention of the Orient by the West,” to borrow Edward Said’s phrase. Mediterranean-ness refers to that ability to designate peripheries within the Mediterranean. It is a singular Northern viewpoint against the South that presented itself as universal. Sometimes, in the name of modernity, Mediterranean-ness has erased our histories and our narratives.Last week, I asked my students what word came to mind when we say “the landings.” Whatever the year, whatever their field, they all replied in unison: “Normandy.” Yet before Normandy, there is 1943. After having liberated themselves—because the Corsicans wanted, in De Gaulle’s words, “to be victors”—they were mobilised, sent to Algiers, and then engaged in the landings in Provence—and, for some, in Italy—even before the liberation of the island.Mediterranean-ness, prescribed by others—and those elsewhere who prohibit it too often—also prohibits the possibility of a Mediterranean community recognised in its diversity. After Homer, Fernand Braudel, Primo Levi, Albert Memmi, or Boualem Sansal, Mediterranean peoples must regain their voice.Despite the displacement of centrality outside the Mediterranean basin, Mediterranean communities have created, preserved, and transmitted a polyphony of mythologies, experiences, narratives, memories, and imaginaries. It is a paghjella sung by cantors with feet wet from the waves. It is a community of practices: a Mediterranean lived, experienced, and invented by those who inhabit it and circulate within it. In recent times, flows linked to globalisation and tourism have further amplified the stereotypes of Mediterranean-ness.Perhaps, as in his time in Albert Camus’s voice, a task falls to us: to prevent the world from coming undone. To do so, I would like to imagine a Mediterranean community as a sustainable reserve of the living. In other words: to name the common ground that imposes itself upon all those—human and non-human—who share this ecosystem.For Achille Mbembe, community refers to a politics of the living grounded in the common. It is inscribed beyond the nation-state, beyond identity. It is inscribed in a new distribution of relationality. For Philippe Descola, a politics of the living means surpassing the nature/culture duality. It means that humanity renounces the Cartesian injunction to be “master and possessor of all things here below.” It also means recognising the relational and connective essence of the Mediterranean. Braudel thinks it on a broad scale. Abulafia reads it more from the shorelines. Both note the diversity of relations—both their multiplicity and their many forms. Let us accept, with Matvejević, that the Mediterranean’s land and sea boundaries are shifting and subjective. The Mediterranean community nevertheless remains “the daily plebiscite” of an ethical, scientific, and political horizon.Thus, the Mediterranean community—as a “miniature” terrestrial community—is the nucleus, the essence, the beating heart, to borrow Bachelard’s analysis of the miniature.The Mediterranean community brings together inhabitants, environments, and memories. Not through a homogeneous identity imposed from outside—Mediterranean-ness. Nor through a simple juxtaposition of nations or religions. But through a constrained cohabitation within the same ecosystem. An ecosystem struck by modernity and globalisation: energy routes, militarisation, migration, tourism, inequalities. And now also by the systemic risks of the Anthropocene: climate, biodiversity, pollution, radicalisms, techno-fascism. Ultimately, the Mediterranean community is a question of the planet’s habitability as a whole.Community is neither harmony nor ataraxia. It calls for an epistemological and political bifurcation. If the Mediterranean community is an ethical horizon, let us also give it scientific and experiential substance. Let us move from a largely anthropocentric Mediterranean décor to a democracy of the living, grounded in the common, in recognition, and in the repair of the conditions of habitability.Perhaps we can begin to found this Mediterranean community through the scientific cooperation developed between our universities—as we are invited to do both by UNESCO, by the European Union’s Pact for the Mediterranean, and by Pope Francis in his Marseille speech of September 2023. “Where to begin, if not with universities?” he asked. Universities are rooted in their territories. And they are, by definition, open to the universal. This obliges us to engage in constant dialogue with public and private actors. This is precisely what the UNESCO Chair “Devenirs en Méditerranée” is working to do