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A semantic approach for semi-automatic detection of sensitive data
No full textFNEGE 4, ABS 1International audienceThis article proposes an innovative approach and its implementation as an expert system to achieve the semi-automatic detection of candidate attributes for scrambling sensitive data. Its approach is based on semantic rules that determine which concepts have to be scrambled, and on a linguistic component that retrieves the attributes that semantically correspond to these concepts. Because attributes cannot be considered independently from each other, it also addresses the challenging problem of the propagation of the scrambling process through the entire database. One main contribution of this article's approach is to provide a semi-automatic process for the detection of sensitive data. The underlying knowledge is made available through production rules operationalizing the detection of the sensitive data. A validation of its approach using four different databases is provided
Quand simuler stimule. Innovation pédagogique et recherche décisionnelle
No full textInternational audienc
Regards de responsables sur les notions d'égalité, non-discrimination et diversité
No full textInternational audienc
The choice between informal and formal restructuring: The case of French banks facing distressed SMEs.
No full textInternational audienceThis empirical paper investigates the paths leading to the resolution of financial distress for a sample of small and medium-sized French firms in default, focusing in particular on their decisions between bankruptcy and informal (out-of-court) renegotiations. The procedure is depicted as a sequential game in which stakeholders first decide whether to engage in an informal renegotiation. Second, conditional on opting for renegotiation, the debtor and its creditors may succeed or fail in reaching an agreement to restructure the firm’s capital structure. We test different hypotheses that capture (i) coordination and bargaining power issues, (ii) informational problems, (iii) firm characteristics, and (iv) loan characteristics. The empirical implementation is based on sequential LOGIT regressions. First, we find that the likelihood of informal renegotiations increases with loan size and the proportion of long-term debt. These two results support the argument that size matters when deciding whether to opt for informal renegotiation. Second, the probability of a successful renegotiation decreases when (i) the bank in charge of handling the process is the debtor’s “main” creditor and when (ii) the firm is badly rated and its management is considered faulty. Third, the estimations show that collateral plays a significant role in the first stage of the renegotiation process. However, it does not impact the likelihood of success in reaching a renegotiated agreement. Finally, some banks are clearly better than others at leading successful renegotiation processes
Management des systèmes d'information
No full textDans un contexte de digitalisation croissante, les systèmes d'information occupent une place centrale comme outil de transformation des organisations et source d'avantage concurrentiel. Ce chapitre, destiné à des managers, résume l'essentiel du management des systèmes d'information
La fuite managériale devant la complexité : l'exemple historique du "lean management"
No full textThis paper studies the curious odyssey of "Lean Management"... Under this label, managerial ideas and practices have undergone, first a decisive step towards process thinking, and then a striking return to planning and variance control habits. The study of this historical shift can give us clues about obstacles to process thinking in the managerial world. The paper will first recall the key ideas originally highlighted by the pioneers of "lean management", based on the Toyota Production System (TPS), and their distinctly processual orientation. Then it will review the practices today labelled as "Lean Management" and the surprising historical reversal they reveal. Finally it will review some of the potential reasons why such a reversal took place, with a particular focus on the treatment of time and the notions of slack and wasted time.Ce texte étudie la curieuse odyssée du "Lean Management"... Sous cette appellation, les théories et les pratiques managériales ont connu tout d'abord un virage décisif vers une vision processuelle et dynamique des organisations, puis un retour en arrière frappant vers les visions planificatrices et le contrôle par écarts. L'étude de ce renversement historique peut nous donner des clés de réflexion sur les obstacles à la vision processuelle des organisations dans le monde managérial. Le texte rappelle d'abord les idées clés mises initialement en avant par les pionniers du "lean management", fondées sur le Toyota Production System (TPS), et sur leur orientation clairement processuelle. Puis il analyse les pratiques aujourd'hui désignées comme "Lean Management" et le renversement historique surprenant qu'elles manifestent. Enfin il tentera d'identifier quelques-unes des raisons qui peuvent potentiellement expliquer ce renversement, en insistant particulièrement sur le traitement du temps et les notions de "slack" et de "gaspillage"
Micro Processes and Isomorphic Adaptation: Insights from the Struggle for the Soul of Economics at the University of the Holy Spirit
No full textAs of July 1, 2010, the College of Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of the Holy Spirit (UHS) has a single Department of Economics. However, in the seven prior years, there were two economics departments, one that was resolutely mainstream and the other that was just as resolutely heterodox. What accounts for this unusual organizational arrangement? We show that this arrangement was part of a protracted conflict about the kind of economics that befits the Catholic identity of UHS that resulted, ultimately, in a full embrace of mainstream economics in July 2010. We draw on and amend Oliver's (1991) typology of organizational responses to institutional processes and investigate why and how UHS went from deliberate avoidance to full acquiescence to mainstream economics. Our analysis suggests that while organizations may be compelled to adapt to dominant norms, as institutional theorists contend, the process of adaptation involves a variety of conflicting moves and counter moves that engage identity and power and that require forceful leadership to resolve
Les Chiffres – Le Moi, transparence radicale et gouvernementalité transnationale
No full textLa présence et le rôle des chiffres ne sont, en soi, pas des phénomènes nouveaux. Les chiffres et les infrastructures de calculs qui les produisent, sont depuis longtemps déjà des outils importants de la décision et de l’action pour les entreprises privées comme pour l’administration publique. En préparant cette allocution d’introduction et en réfléchissant au thème de cette conférence – « Les Politiques du Chiffre » - je me suis donc demandé si je pouvais vraiment contribuer de manière originale aux discussions autour de ces questions ! À la réflexion, j’ai choisi de concentrer mon regard sur trois points, qui m’interpellent depuis longtemps, et méritent, je pense, un traitement plus approfondi : tout d’abord, l’importance et la portée toujours croissante des chiffres, sous forme d’indicateurs quantifiés et de pra - tiques de calculs qui est manifeste dans notre quotidien, dans notre intimité aussi bien que dans notre vie professionnelle, n’est pas sans conséquences sur la constitution de notre identité individuelle. Ensuite, l’obsession de transparence (radicale) est, chaque jour un peu plus, associée aux processus de quantification par les indicateurs chiffrés. Cette remarque renvoie notamment aux mécanismes permettant de produire, de rendre lisibles et visibles les chiffres à partir de données plus complexes et tacites. Enfin, un phénomène de dépassement du cadre national (transnationalisation) est à l’œuvre. Alors qu’historiquement les chiffres étaient mobilisés et produits par des entreprises et des administrations nationales au service d’enjeux de gouvernement local, ils sont désormais de plus en plus produits au sein de centres de calculs dispersés, pour reprendre un concept popularisé par Bruno Latour (Latour, 1996). Ces derniers sont souvent des lieux distincts des États ou des entreprises et, de fait, leurs pratiques et leurs logiques souvent transnationales s’imposent à ces entreprises et à ces États, indépendamment de leur localisation géographique ou de leur compétence
The impact of visual exposure to a physically attractive other on self-presentation
No full textInternational audienceAccording to Roney (2003), when exposed to potential mates (young women), men show greater conformity to female mate preferences. This study conceptually replicates and extends this finding to show that women also respond to female physical attractiveness. When exposed to attractive women (potential rivals), women report higher levels of communion and lower levels of agency
How retailer money-back guarantees influence consumer preferences for retailer versus national brands
No full textInternational audienceRetailers often use money-back guarantees to reduce consumer perceived risk about brand quality and to increase their market share. The effect of such guarantees on perceived product quality and ultimately preference and product choice depends on their perceived value and credibility, related to other extrinsic clues, such as price and brand. An analysis of an experimental design with a national sample of consumers shows that compared with a simple money-back guarantee, a double money-back guarantee does not further increase the relative preference for a retailer brand over a national brand. Furthermore, the size of the effect of a money-back guarantee is small, moderated by the effects of other information on product quality, such as the size of the price differential between retailer and national brands. Finally, the effect of a money-back guarantee differs, depending on the customer–retailer relationship: A retailer with high credibility can influence regular customers less by guarantees