Portail HAL confremo Archives ouvertes du Moyen-Orient
Not a member yet
3450 research outputs found
Sort by
How innovation can keep traditions alive
No full textInternational audienceThe Tradinnovations Erasmus+ project (2023-2026) is an advanced and interdisciplinaryteaching and learning approach to support innovation within the local food heritage of each country and adapted to the specific needs of vulnerable populations (malnutrition in the elderly and Alzheimer's population and others suffering from dysphagia, visual impairment, mental disabilities, challenges of obesity in young people, nutritional needs of pregnant women and young children, ...). The consortium consists of 6 academic partners from 6 European countries. There are 8 associate partners from 4 different countries. All partners share similar challenges related to education and new food design (culinary and food industries), energy and food transitions, as well as cultural and societal nutritional needs. The educational challenges are therefore to adapt teaching and learning systems to innovate in a sustainable way, based on food heritage, culture and territory. The Tradinnovations project is designed to be multidisciplinary, with the aim of creating a triangular interaction betweenstudents, teachers and socio-economic partners. It brings together a wide range of expertise and disciplines, combining food sciences and human sciences to develop a teaching methodology enriched by all the dimensions that make up the act of "feeding oneself". The starting point of the Tradinnovations project is the scientific study of culinary precisions as a framework for education, not only in food science, but also in other disciplines such as the social sciences and humanities, allowing for multidisciplinary approaches and cross- fertilisation between a wide range of sciences. The presentation will describe student projects developed in France, Ireland and Lebanon in close collaboration with experts and associations who deal with dysphagia, visual impairment and mentally disabilities in people. The methodology for assessing the impact of the projects will be discussed. Examples of applications of molecular gastronomy knowledge through 3D printing technology will highlight how vulnerable populations can benefit from the outputs of specifically designed project-based teaching and learning. In addition to the students' projects, the results of thecurrent activities of Tradinnovations will be presented, mainly a survey on the perception of tradition and innovation in the different countries, as well as the project-based learning methodology and educational pathways
Optimisation de la technologie des blocs de construction : Caractérisations thermiques et mécaniques
No full textInternational audienceThis research explores the thermal and mechanical properties enhancement in hollow concrete blocks by incorporating recycled expanded polystyrene (EPS) and crumb rubber (CR). Key thermal properties—including average thermal resistance (R¯), average thermal conductivity (λ¯), and average specific heat (Cp¯)—were analyzed, while mechanical properties were evaluated via compressive strength tests. Findings indicate that the addition of EPS and CR significantly improved thermal resistance, with specific heat and compressive strength remaining within acceptable thresholds. The optimal mixture of 35% EPS and 5% rubber by volume led to a remarkable 49.67% increase in thermal resistance compared to standard hollow blocks while still achieving a compressive strength (σ¯) around 7 MPa. These results classify the blocks as non-load-bearing, highlighting their potential for energy-efficient construction using sustainable materials. This research advances sustainable building materials by providing practical solutions to improve building performance in Lebanon
Analysis of the primary responsibilities of team leaders in extreme Iraqi Context
No full textInternational audienceThis study analyzes how team leaders adapt their management style in extreme contexts, such as Iraq, where social tensions remain high. The study employs the High Leader-Member Exchange (H-LMX) theory, which posits that the quality of the exchange relationship between leaders and team members affects commitment and effectiveness. Through qualitative research, the study reveals a high level of LMX in wartime Iraq, where interviewees, who were leaders in their organizations, shared their experiences of the primary responsibilities they faced without support from supervisors during extreme events. Despite the dramatic context, the impact of leaders on their teams was key to achieving successful operations and performance.Cette étude analyse comment les leaders d’équipe adaptent leur style de management dans des contextes extrêmes, tels que l’Irak, où les tensions sociales restent fortes. L’étude utilise la théorie du High Leader-Member Exchange (H-LMX), qui postule que la qualité de la relation d’échange entre les leaders et les membres de l’équipe affecte l’engagement et l’efficacité. Selon une recherche qualitative, l’étude révèle un niveau élevé de LMX dans l’Irak en temps de guerre, où les personnes interrogées, qui étaient des leaders dans leurs organisations, ont partagé leurs expériences des responsabilités principales auxquelles elles ont dû faire face sans le soutien de leurs superviseurs lors d’événements extrêmes. Malgré le contexte dramatique, l’impact des leaders sur leurs équipes a été déterminant pour la réussite des opérations et des performances
Phase Equilibria (VLE and LLE) of Platform Molecules for the Optimization of Separation Processes
No full textInternational audienc
Salivary Cortisol Detection with a Fully Inkjet-Printed Paper-Based Electrochemical Sensor
No full textInternational audienceElectrochemical paper-based analytical devices (ePADs) offer an innovative, low-cost, and environmentally friendly approach for real-time diagnostics. In this study, we developed a functional all-inkjet paper-based electrochemical immunosensor using gold (Au) printed ink to detect salivary cortisol. Covalent binding of the cortisol monoclonal antibody onto the printed Au surface was achieved through electrodeposition of 4-carboxymethylaniline (CMA), with ethanolamine passivation to prevent non-specific binding. The ePAD exhibited a linear response within the physiological cortisol range (5–20 ng/mL), with sensitivities of 25, 23, and 19 Ω·ng/mL and R2 values of 0.995, 0.979, and 0.99, respectively. Additionally, interference studies against tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) yielded excellent results. This novel ePAD, fabricated using inkjet printing technology on paper, simplifies the process, reduces environmental impact, and lowers fabrication costs
Phytochemical Profile, GC-MS Profiling and In Vitro Evaluation of Some Biological Applications of the Extracts of Origanum syriacum L. and Cousinia libanotica D.C.
No full textInternational audienceIndigenous to Lebanon, Origanum syriacum L. and Cousinia libanotica D.C. are notable plants in the Middle East, with O. syriacum known for its aromatic qualities and C. libanotica being less explored. Both plants have a significant role in traditional medicine for treating various ailments. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition and biological properties of the extracts from these plants. The extracts were obtained through cold maceration with solvents of increasing polarity. The ethyl acetate extract of O. syriacum exhibited the highest total polyphenol content. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) identified fifteen compounds in both C. libanotica and O. syriacum extracts, whereas gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis unveiled 179 volatile compounds. Notably, the O. syriacum-MeOH extract showed moderate antioxidant activity. Both plants’ methanolic extracts demonstrated significant anti-Alzheimer’s potential. The O. syriacum-dichloromethane and C. libanotica-cyclohexane extracts displayed the highest cytotoxicities against the HCT-116 cell line. For anti-proliferative activity against the Caco-2 cell line, the O. syriacum-methanol and C. libanotica-cyclohexane extracts were the most effective. This study provides valuable insights into the phytochemistry and potential therapeutic applications of extracts from these two oriental plant species
Profiles of intuitive eating in adults: the role of self-esteem, interoceptive awareness, and motivation for healthy eating
No full textInternational audienceObjective: Intuitive eating is an eating behavior that has recently come to use mainly in the young population. Knowing that the Lebanese cultural diet differs from other countries, the purpose of this study was to investigate if there is a relationship between self-esteem, interoceptive awareness, and motivation for healthy eating in a sample of Lebanese adults using a Latent Profile Analysis approach.Design: Cross-sectional study.Setting: Lebanese governorates.Participants: 359 Lebanese participants enrolled in this study (mean age: 22.75 ± 7.04 years, 40.1% males), through convenience sampling in several Lebanese governorates. Participants were asked to fill anonymously the following scales: The Intuitive Eating Scale (IES-2), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness Scale (MAIA), and the Motivation for Healthy Eating Scale (MHES).Results: Our findings revealed four profiles: profile 1 (n = 67; 18.66%) characterized by high SE and intermediate interoceptive awareness and motivation for healthy eating; profile 2 (n = 86; 23.97%) presented high SE, interoceptive awareness, and motivation for healthy eating; profile 3 (n = 86; 23.96%) characterized by high SE, interoceptive awareness, and motivation for healthy eating; class 4 (n = 108; 30.08) described by low SE, intermediate interoceptive awareness, and motivation for healthy eating One-way analysis of variance did not observe a significant difference between the four profiles based on intuitive eating (F = 1.810; p = 0.145; ɳp2 = 0.015).Conclusions: Among a sample of Lebanese people, four profiles of interoceptive awareness, motivation for healthy eating, and self-esteem were observed, with no difference concerning intuitive eating
Internationalisation and Growth of Small Sustainable Fashion Enterprises
No full textInternational audienceSustainability and globalisation are two major global phenomena that have shaped the world in the last few decades. This paper aims to explore the main drivers that trigger the international behaviour of small sustainable fashion enterprises (SSFEs), with a special focus on the characteristics of sustainable entrepreneurs, the characteristics of sustainable firms, the inter-firm global collaborations, and the institutional context. We draw on international and sustainable entrepreneurship research to explain what captures the drivers that affect SSFEs internationalisation. This paper analyses four different Dutch SSFEs through a cross-case study method. The findings show that the main drivers that affect the international growth of SSFEs in the Netherlands are the global partnerships with suppliers and local sales agents in foreign countries, the sustainable attitude and previous fashion experience of the entrepreneur and the product's ethical features
Malware detection through windows system call analysis
No full textInternational audienceDetecting malware remains a significant challenge, as malware authors constantly develop new techniques to evade traditional signature-based and heuristic-based detection methods. This paper proposes a novel approach to malware detection that analyzes patterns in Windows system calls sequences to identify malicious behaviors. We use a voting classifier, a machine learning model that aggregates predictions from multiple individual models. It determines the final output based on the class that receives the highest likelihood or majority vote from the ensemble of models. We trained the model on large datasets of benign and malicious system call traces to detect anomalies indicative of malware. By focusing on system call behavior rather than static code characteristics, the approach is able to identify novel malware variants without requiring prior knowledge of their signatures. Experiments using a dataset of 42,797 API call sequences from malware samples and 1,079 sequences from benign software demonstrate that voting classifier can achieve high detection rates while maintaining low false positive rates. This type of Machine Learning-based malware detection could be integrated into an Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) tool to provide advanced, behavior-based malware detection capabilities
Les procédés de fractionnement par voie sèche de produits céréaliers transformés - Génération de poudres fonctionnelles par le recyclage de pains rassis à petite échelle de production.
No full textInternational audienceLe concept d'économie circulaire des produits alimentaires est peu déployé à petite échelle (i.e. une métropole), au niveau organisationnel et de la transformation. Le cas de la production et du recyclage du pain en surplus est spécifique. Dans une métropole, les boulangeries artisanales produisent 60% du pain et génèrent 10% d'excédents. Depuis quelques années, des start-ups essayent de recycler ces excédents de pain mais elles sont confrontées à des difficultés techniques, logistiques et commerciales. Le concept d'économie circulaire (via un système de recyclage en boucle fermée) déployé à petite échelle doit permettre d'apporter des solutions technologiques optimales simples et robustes. Le projet ANR "µ-COSMOS" (2024-2028) coordonné par Tiphaine LUCAS, se propose d'aborder cette problématique.</div