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Gossip algorithms for principal component analysis in networks
No full textInternational audienceThis paper deals with the issues of the dimensionality reduction and the extraction of the structure of data using principal component analysis for the multivariable data in large-scale networks. In order to overcome the high computational complexity of this technique, we derive several in-network strategies to estimate the principal axes without the need for computing the sample covariance matrix. To this aim, we propose to combine Oja's iterative rule with average gossiping algorithms. Gossiping is used as a solution for communication between asynchronous nodes. The performance of the proposed approach is illustrated on time series acquisition in wireless sensor networks
Kernel-based machine learning using radio-fingerprints for localization in WSNs
No full textInternational audienceThis paper introduces an original method for sensors localization in WSNs. Based on radio-location fingerprinting and machine learning, the method consists of defining a model whose inputs and outputs are, respectively, the received signal strength indicators and the sensors locations. To define this model, several kernel-based machine-learning techniques are investigated, such as the ridge regression, support vector regression, and vector-output regularized least squares. The performance of the method is illustrated using both simulated and real data
Femmes, genre, féminismes en Méditerranée. "Le Vent de la Pensée": Hommage à Françoise Collin. : Séminaire de Christiane Veauvy (CNRS): "Genre, Politique, Sexualité(s). Orient/Occident" (2014-2015).
No full textFonds audiovisuel issu d'une collaboration entre Christiane Veauvy (CNRS) et le programme ESCoM-AAR (Equipe Sémiotique Cognitive et nouveaux Médias - Archives Audiovisuelles de la Recherche; 2011 - 2016).Présentation de l'ouvrage "Femmes, genre, féminismes en Méditerranée. "Le Vent de la Pensée". Hommage à Françoise Collin", ouvrage interdisciplinaire, paru aux Editions Bouchène en novembre 2014. Ce livre rassemble les contributions prononcées lors des rencontres « Femmes, genre, féminismes en Méditerranée » – table ronde du 28 novembre 2012 à l’Institut d’études européennes de Paris 8 suivie du colloque du 29 novembre 2012 à la FMSH. Françoise Collin devait participer à ces journées organisées dans le cadre du séminaire « Genre, politique, sexualités. Orient / Occident » de la Fondation Maison des sciences de l’homme. L'ouvrage est préfacé par Geneviève Fraisse, textes et documents ont été réunis et présentés par Christiane Veauvy et Mireille Azzoug. Le débat de cette séance a été organisé avec : Michelle Perrot, historienne, professeure honoraire de l'université Paris VII; Carmen Boustani, littéraire (sémio-linguistique), franco-libanaise, professeure des universités à l'université libanaise de Beyrouth; Laënnec Hurbon, sociologue, directeur de recherche honoraire au CNRS et professeur à l'université d'Etat d'Haïti (Port-au-Prince)
Caprinidae (Bivalvia, Hippuritida) de l'Aptien basal du Liban
No full textInternational audienceThe presence in Lebanon of Offneria murgensis and Offneria nicolinae, two characteristic components of the Early Aptian Arabo-African rudist faunas, fills a distributional gap of the corresponding assemblage between the Arabic and African occurrences, on the one hand, and the Apulian occurrences, on the other hand. This fauna bears out the palaeogeographic placement of Lebanon on the southern Mediterranean Tethys margin established by palaeostructural reconstructions. The associated micropaleontological elements suggest an earliest Aptian age (early Bedoulian) for the Offneria murgensis-O. nicolinae assemblage found in the "Falaise de BLANCHE" stratigraphic interval, instead of a late Early Aptian age as proposed for most of the peri-Adriatic and Middle East occurrences recognized so far. These caprinid specimens are characterized by relatively modest sizes, moreover other rudists commonly part of the assemblage are lacking. The dominance of caprinids in the study area suggests a distal platform setting, i.e., close proximity to the platform edge. Résumé : Caprinidae (Bivalvia, Hippuritida) de l'Aptien basal du Liban.-La présence au Liban d'Offneria murgensis et d'Offneria nicolinae, deux membres clés des faunes de rudistes de l'Aptien inférieur africain ou arabe, comble un vide dans la répartition de ces associations entre sites africains ou arabes d'une part et sites apuliens d'autre part. Cette faune confirme la position paléogéographique du Liban sur la marge méditerranéenne téthysienne méridionale telle que présentée dans les reconsti-tutions de la tectonique des plaques. Les éléments micropaléontologiques associés suggèrent un âge Aptien basal (Bédoulien inférieur) pour l'association Offneria murgensis-O. nicolinae provenant de l'intervalle stratigraphique de la "Falaise de BLANCHE", au lieu d'un âge Aptien inférieur non basal com-me ce qui est proposé pour la plupart des sites périadriatiques et moyen-orientaux connus jusqu'à pré-sent. Les exemplaires de ces caprinidés sont caractérisés par des tailles relativement modestes ; de plus les autres rudistes faisant couramment partie de ces associations sont ici absents. La prédomi-nance des caprinidés dans la région étudiée suggère un environnement distal sur la plate-forme, voire une proximité immédiate de sa bordure.La présence au Liban d'Offneria murgensis et d'Offneria nicolinae, deux membres clés des faunes de rudistes de l'Aptien inférieur africain ou arabe, comble un vide dans la répartition de ces associations entre sites africains ou arabes d'une part et sites apuliens d'autre part. Cette faune confirme la position paléogéographique du Liban sur la marge méditerranéenne téthysienne méridionale telle que présentée dans les reconstitutions de la tectonique des plaques. Les éléments micropaléontologiques associés suggèrent un âge Aptien basal (Bédoulien inférieur) pour l'association Offneria murgensis - O. nicolinae provenant de l'intervalle stratigraphique de la "Falaise de Blanche", au lieu d'un âge Aptien inférieur non basal comme ce qui est proposé pour la plupart des sites périadriatiques et moyen-orientaux connus jusqu'à présent. Les exemplaires de ces caprinidés sont caractérisés par des tailles relativement modestes ; de plus les autres rudistes faisant couramment partie de ces associations sont ici absents. La prédominance des caprinidés dans la région étudiée suggère un environnement distal sur la plate-forme, voire une proximité immédiate de sa bordure
Characterization of wheat genotypes as sources of ice nucleation active bacteria for bioprecipitation aerosols
No full textInternational audienceAs water resources become more and more scarce, production of crops under dry land conditions brings agriculture into potential conflict with other uses of water. There is an emerging awareness that the orientation of the goals of plant breeding can be shifted to create crops that can offset the negative impacts of agriculture on the environment in order to make agriculture more sustainable. Here we have explored the possibility to select lines of wheat, the crop that occupies more land than any individual crop, that contribute to the bioprecipitation cycle. In this cycle the ice nucleation (IN) active component of the microflora on leaves contributes to the ice nuclei in the atmosphere that activate processes in clouds necessary for rainfall. In line with this long term goal, we have deter-mined the capacity of breeding lines of wheat, adapted to dry land conditions, to harbor IN active bacteria. In particular, we focused on Pseudomonas syringae, the most ubiquitous of the IN active bacteria on plants. Because strains of this bacterium can be a plant pathogen, we evaluated the abundance of non-pathogenic IN active strains of P. syringae on a range of wheat genotypes from the research program of the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas. Of the 25 genotypes of bread wheat examined, leaves of 12 genotypes naturally harbored P. syringae in the field. Eight of these genotypes harbored populations of IN active P. syringae with an impaired Type 3 Secretion System (involved in pathogenicity) as high as 4 x 105 105 CFU g-1 of leaf tissue. Three of these 8 wheat genotypes harbored IN active P. syringae that were not virulent on either bread or durum wheat and for 1 of these wheat genotypes the strains of IN active P. syringae were virulent on only 1 of the 13 plant species on which pathogenicity was tested. For the wheat geno-types that had P. syringae on leaves in the field, bacteria were naturally transmitted to seed but during seed storage the bacterium could be detected on only half of the genotypes after 3 months of storage. To explore the possibility of enhancing the IN active microflora on leaves, we assessed the capacity of bacteria inoculated on seed to be transmitted to seed. The effectiveness of the transmission depended on an interaction of wheat genotype and bacterial strain. Overall, this work points to the possibility of selecting plants with the goal of changing their microflora for purposes other than resistance to plant disease and in this case for the purpose of contributing to processes that could favor rainfall
A Wavelet-based Method for the Metabolite Detection and Quantification in Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
No full textPurpose: In healthy tissue, metabolites are present in steady-state concentrations typical forthat specific tissue. Metabolite concentrations may shift due to stress, functional disturbances,tumors or metabolic diseases. These changes are detectable with MRS, and provide valuable information for both diagnosis and therapeutic surveillance. Various methods have been developedto quantify the metabolite concentrations using methods ranging from the simple integration ofspectral peak to complex algorithms.Theory and Methods: The purpose of this work is to develop an analysis system for in vivoNMR spectroscopy for brain metabolites quantification based on continuous wavelet transformswithout prior knowledge. Tests are done on both simulated and real in vivo MRS signals usingspectroscopic data acquired in 16 healthy subjects (range 20-50) using 3T MR system.Results: Results show that even with the presence of low SNRs and baseline, the proposedmethod is able to derive the parameters such as the frequencies, the amplitudes and the dampingfactors of metabolites directly from the raw data and without any beforehand preprocessing orprior knowledge.Conclusion: The CWT analysis has shown to be accurate, robust and in agreement with thetime domain fitting method AMARES for the quantification of short echo time in vivo MRSdata
Chemical bonding in RFe6Ge4 (R = Li, Sc, Zr) and LuTi6Sn4 with rhombohedral LiFe6Ge4 type structure
No full textInternational audienceThe germanide ScFe6Ge4 was synthesized from the elements by arc-melting. Its crystal structure was refined from single crystal X-ray diffractometer data: LiFe6Ge4 type, R View the MathML source3¯m, a = 507.9(3), c = 2000.9(1) pm, wR2 = 0.0737, 242 F2 values, 16 variables. The structure has two main building units. The iron atoms form double-layers of Kagomé networks (248–297 pm Fe–Fe) which are separated by layers of edge-sharing Sc@Ge8 hexagonal bipyramids (265–293 pm Sc–Ge). Chemical bonding has been studied based on DFT calculations for the AFe6Ge4 (A = Li, Sc, Zr) series and isotypic LuTi6Sn4. Existence of MgFe6Ge4 is proposed on the basis of full geometry optimization. Major differences are observed between the electronic structures and the magnetic properties and bonding of LuTi6Sn4 on the one hand and the AFe6Ge4 family on the other hand whereby the iron Kagomé substructure develops magnetization in all AFe6Ge4 compounds, in contrast to LuTi6Sn4. The Ti–Ti Kagomé substructure is found with bonding character throughout the valence band whereas Fe–Fe interactions are both bonding and antibonding with characteristic spin-dependent bonding. Spin-polarized calculations hint for magnetic ordering in the iron containing representatives. This was proven experimentally for ScFe6Ge4. Temperature-dependent susceptibility measurements show a Curie temperature of TC = 491(3) K. 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopic measurements at ambient temperature show a single resonance at an isomer shift of 0.22(1) mm s−1 with a magnetic hyperfine field of 19.1(1) T
Managerial Dominance over the Board and Audit Committee Independence in Financial Institutions.
No full textInternational audienceThe purpose of this paper is to analyze whether the degree of control exercised by management affects the independence of the audit committee over the board of directors. Four characteristics of the bo ard are being examined; size, composition, CEO duality and manage ment ownership. Results from a samp le of 54 Lebanese banks operating in various Lebanese territories during the period 2009-2011 show that all of these banks created an audit committee between 2009-2011 and comply with Lebanese central ba nk regulations (BDL) to guara ntee their independence from management which requires the audit committee in Lebanese ba nks to be including independent members. Empirical results suggest that in Lebanese banks, managers can impair the effectiveness of audit committees by the presence of inside directors on the board and CEO duality
Quand Isis met à mort Apophis. Variantes tardives de la 7e heure de l’Amdouat
No full textInternational audienceDuring the Seventh hour of the Amduat Isis takes part in the execration of Apophis from the prow of the solar bark by reciting magical spells, according to the caption to this scene. It is in accordance to the caption of the scene in the Book. This is how the role of Isis is documented in the New Kingdom versions. However, some documents from the Late Period (Theban tomb of Padiamenope (TT 33) and some 30th Dynasty stone sarcophagi) show an iconographic variant : the goddess holds a knife or a harpoon and cuts the throat of Apophis. This increased involvement of the goddess in killing Apophis occurs in the context of general interest, from the Late Period onwards, in the therapeutic role of Isis fighting snakes and other venomous creatures, including Apophis