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De l’emprise de l’inconscient dans les organisations, voyage en complexité interpersonnelle
No full textInternational audienc
"The Electoral Sociology of the Egyptian Vote in the 2011-2013 Sequence"
No full textInternational audienceThe 2011/2013 sequence offered a glimpse of the extremely rich political and social diversity of a country in the throes of revolutionary turmoil. For the first time in Egypt’s electoral history, an analysis of the quantitative data available provides an opportunity to shed light on the relationships between social category and political preference. It also makes it possible to study the change in Egyptian voter behavior in the six months between the parliamentary election and the presidential ballot and lastly, to identify the social and geographical cleavages that currently divide Egyptian society and will partly determine its immediate future
Effect of management strategies on arthropod communities in the colonies of rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea Passerini (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in south-eastern France
No full textInternational audienceApple orchardists are encouraged to adopt pest control strategies with less pesticide use and thus less harmful environmental impacts. In this study, we compared the possible effects of organic, integrated pest management (IPM), and conventional protection strategies on the rosy apple aphid-ant-natural enemy communities in 12 apple orchards in south-eastern France in 2008 and 2009. The organic orchards had the smallest aphid populations and the most diverse and abundant natural enemy populations compared with the other orchards. More diverse and abundant natural enemy populations were observed in IPM compared with conventional orchards. In 2009, the aphid abundance in IPM orchards was, however, significantly higher than in conventional orchards. No significant differences in ant densities were observed among protection strategies in 2008, but in 2009, these densities were significantly higher in conventional compared with organic orchards. Three predator groups were the most common: Coccinellidae, Forficulidae, and Syrphidae. These were significantly more abundant in organic orchards than in the other orchards, except in 2008 when there was no significant difference in syrphid and earwig abundance between organic and IPM orchards. Parasitoids were significantly more abundant in organic orchards in 2009 but not in 2008. The smaller number of aphids in organic orchards appears to results from the absence of toxic insecticides and thus to increased natural enemies compared with other orchards. Our findings emphasize the importance of no or less intensive synthetic pesticide usage for the conservation of natural enemies biodiversity and biological control of rosy apple aphid in apple orchards
Les pratiques du système d’information des dirigeants des PME exportatrices libanaises
No full textÉcole des mines d'Alès, NîmesInternational audienc
Reconnaissance de parties de formes basée sur les géodésiques de formes
No full textNational audienceLes performances du système de reconnaissance de formes dépendent en grande partie de la qualité de l'image segmentée. Comme la segmentation complète est loin d'être toujours atteinte, nous abordons dans ce travail le problème de la reconnaissance de parties de formes. Nous nous plaçons dans le cas où seulement certaines parties de la forme entière sont disponibles. A cet effet, nous proposons une stratégie de reconnaissance basée sur les géodésiques dans l'espace de formes. Nous montrons que la mesure de similarité ainsi définie permet de gérer efficacement les déformations élastiques de formes. Les tests effectués sur des parties de formes de la base MPEG-7 et sur des parties issues d'images segmentées démontrent l'efficacité de notre schéma de reconnaissance. Abstract The performance of a pattern recognition system heavily depends on image segmentation quality. Since a complete segmentation cannot be always reached, we address here the problem of shape parts recognition where only some parts of the entire shape are available. For this purpose, we propose a recognition strategy that uses geodesics-based distance able to handle elastic deformations and articulations. Experiments carried out on parts of shapes of the MPEG-7 database and on parts issued from segmented images demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed scheme
Population biology of an endangered species: the common guitarfish Rhinobatos rhinobatos in Lebanese marine waters of the eastern Mediterranean Sea
No full textInternational audienceThis study focuses on the population biology of the common guitarfish Rhinobatos rhinobatos, a cartilaginousfish listed as Endangered in the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN)Red List. Between December 2012 and January 2014, 67 individuals were collected by bottom longliningin coastal Lebanese marine waters at different ports at depths ranging from 10 to 110 m. The totallength (LT) of the specimens ranged from 50 to 143 cm, and the mean±s.d. was 76⋅2±19⋅7 cm. Themost common LT classes were between 60 and 70 cm. The total mass of the specimens ranged from410 to 10 000 g, and the mean±s.d. was 1841±1987 g. A total of 34 males and 33 females werecollected, and the sex ratio was not significantly different from 1:1. The mass and LT relationshipshowed positive allometric growth (b=3⋅096 and r2 =0⋅99), and the mean±s.d. LT at which 50% ofthe individuals were sexually mature was 84⋅73±5⋅81 cm for females and 78⋅57±4⋅88 cm for males.The gonado-somatic and hepato-somatic indices were determined along with a condition factor, andparturition appeared to occur in winter. The primary prey items found in the fish stomachs during theautumn and winter seasons were Penaeidae. The results of this study will help to parameterize modelsof the population dynamics for this exploited fish stock to ensure the long-term sustainability of itsfishery
New Optimal and Suboptimal Resource Allocation Techniques for Downlink Non-orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA)
No full textInternational audienceThis paper investigates several new strategies for the allocation of radio resources (bandwidth and transmission power) using a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme with successive interference cancellation (SIC) in a cellular downlink system. In non-orthogonal access with SIC, the same subband is allocated to multiple users, which necessitates more elaborate multiuser scheduling and subband assignment techniques, compared to orthogonal multiplexing. While taking into account various design issues, we propose and compare several optimum and suboptimum power allocation schemes, which are jointly implemented with multiple user scheduling strategies. Besides, a minimization of the total amount of used bandwidth is targeted. Also, to increase the total achieved system throughput, a hybrid Orthogonal-Non orthogonal scheme is introduced. This hybrid scheme enables a dynamic switching to orthogonal signaling whenever the non-orthogonal cohabitation in the power domain does not improve the achieved data rate per subband. Extensive simulation results show that the proposed strategies for resource allocation can improve both the spectral efficiency and the cell-edge user throughput, especially when compared to previous schemes employing either orthogonal signaling or NOMA with static inter-subband power allocation. They also prove to be robust in the context of crowded areas
Students’ memorization of anatomy, influence of drawing
No full textInternational audienceINTRODUCTION:Anatomy is the cornerstone of medical education. Different teaching methods can be combined. This study was designed to evaluate the influence of students' drawing of the anatomical region before and after the dissection session on their memorization of the studied anatomical region.METHOD:Four hundred and sixteen second-year medical students in the faculty of medicine of Damascus were included in this study during the 2013-2014 academic year. Students were randomly divided into three blinded groups. Two groups had to draw the anatomical region respectively before and after the dissection session, while the third group did not have to draw. The memorization of the region was evaluated twice, one and seven weeks after the course. Means were compared using a t-test.RESULTS:Scores were significantly higher at 1 and 7 weeks tests in groups who were asked to draw either before or after the dissection compared to those who were not asked to draw. No statistical difference was found between the two groups who drew.CONCLUSION:The authors recommend the use of drawing in teaching anatomy
Chemometric Tools to Highlight the Variability of the Chemical Composition and Yield of Lebanese Origanum syriacum L. Essential Oil
No full textInternational audienceAbstractThis study deals with the variation in the yield and composition of Lebanese Origanum syriacum L. essential oil (EO) according to harvesting time, drying methods used, and geographical location. Plant material was harvested twice a month all over 2013 and 2014 from Qartaba and Achkout located at high altitude and from Byblos at low altitude. EOs of the aerial parts were obtained by hydrodistillation. The highest yields were obtained at full flowering stage and slightly reduced after flowering. The GC/MS analysis revealed the presence of 50 components representing 90.49 – 99.82%, 88.79 – 100%, and 95.28 – 100% of the total oil extracted from plants harvested from Qartaba, Achkout, and Byblos, respectively. The major components in the oils were: carvacrol (2.1 – 79.8%), thymol (0.3 – 83.7%), p‐cymene (2.8 – 43.8%), thymoquinone (0.4 – 27.7%), γ‐terpinene (0.4 – 10.0%), octan‐3‐ol (0.3 – 4.9%), caryophyllene oxide (0.2 – 4.7%), oct‐1‐en‐3‐ol (0.3 – 3.7%), β‐caryophyllene (0.7 – 3.2%), cis‐sabinene hydrate (0.1 – 2.8%), terpinen‐4‐ol (0.1 – 2.8%), and α‐terpinene (0.2 – 2.2%). Independent components analysis (ICA) revealed that two groups were discriminated, reflecting compositional differences in the EOs profiles of the Lebanese oregano samples: O. syriacum grown in Qartaba and Achkout belongs to carvacrol chemotype, while O. syriacum grown in Byblos belongs to thymol chemotype. The flowering phase was the most productive period in terms of yield, bringing marked changes in the EO composition by increasing the amounts of carvacrol or thymol, and decreasing those of thymoquinone and p‐cymene
Anatomical basis of the coordination between smooth and striated urethral and anal sphincters: loops of regulation between inferior hypogastric plexus and pudendal nerve. Immuno-histological study with 3D reconstruction
No full textPURPOSE: (1) Describe both nervous pathways to the sphincters, and highlight the anatomical support of their coordination. (2) Obtain a 3D representation of this complex innervation system. METHODS: A computer-assisted anatomical dissection technique was used. Serial histological sections were cut in the pelvis of four female human foetuses (aged 19-32weeks of gestation). The sections were treated with conventional staining, and with seven different immunostainings. The sections were digitalized and, finally, a 3D representation was built from the corresponding images. RESULTS: Myelinated and sensory fibres were detected at the inferior hypogastric plexus (IHP) level. Our analysis showed that most of the afferent sensory fibres come from the urinary and anal sphincters through the anterior and posterior branches of the IHP respectively. A highly positive nitrergic (anti-NOS1) and sensitive (anti-CGRP) labelling was found in the external layer of the urethral sphincter. The 3D representation allowed describing the two components of the innervation system. A sensory-motor regulation loop was found for both sphincters. CONCLUSION: A 3D description of the components of both nervous pathways to the sphincters has been established. Our findings on the innervation of the sphincters tend to question the classical infra/supra levatorian muscle description. The coordinated work of the internal and external layers of the anal and urethral sphincter is probably mediated by multiple roles regulation