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Chemical diversity and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of four Apiaceae species growing wild in Lebanon
No full textInternational audienc
Identification of multiple-derived peptides produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae involved in malolactic fermentation inhibition
No full textInternational audienceAn oenological strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was previously shown to produce a 5–10 kDa peptidic fraction responsible for the inhibition of malolactic fermentation (MLF). In the present study, we aim to further purify the anti-MLF peptides of this fraction. The yeast fermented synthetic grape juice medium was fractionated by ammonium sulfate precipitation combined with ultrafiltration. The 5–10 kDa fraction recovered at a saturation degree of 60%–80% was the only fraction that inhibited both the bacterial growth and the malate consumption in vivo. It also inhibited the malolactic enzyme activity in vitro at a pH range between 3.5 and 6.7. Therefore, it was purified by both anion and cation exchange chromatography. The eluates that inhibited the malolactic enzyme activity in vitro were migrated on Tricine SDS-PAGE and the protein bands were excised and sequenced by LC-MS/MS. The sequencing revealed nine peptides originating from eight proteins of S. cerevisiae. Two GAPDH cationic fragments of 0.9 and 1.373 kDa having a pI of 10.5 and 11 respectively, Wtm2p and Utr2p anionic fragments of 2.42 kDa with a pI of 3.5 and 4 respectively were thought to contribute the most to the MLF inhibitio
Rendre les émotions du patient dans la traduction orale du récit : le cas des entretiens psychothérapeutiques avec demandeurs d’asile en France
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Photovoltaic system equipped with flat reflectors: New MPPT model in case of non-uniform illumination on PV modules
No full textInternational audienceThis study presents a new Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) model developed with MATLAB/SIMULINK based on P&O algorithm. This MPPT model takes into account the activation of bypass diodes since it will be used for the simulation of photovoltaic (PV) power plants equipped with flat reflectors. In order to validate the proposed simulation tool, we have compared our model to existing models, on one hand, and to experimental measurements realized without and with flat reflectors, on the other hand. The resulting absolute error can be lower than 3.6% for single days either with or without reflectors under stable sky conditions, whereas during one full month (November 2017), for the installation without reflectors, the absolute error was about 5.4%. In addition to these low errors found, the proposed MPPT model allows simulation for long periods of time, months to years, with a simulation time faster than that for the existing models (almost 20 times faster). REMARKS: We chose SUBTOPIC 6.2 because we present here a new method to model a PV power plant equipped with flat reflectors. This study focuses on MPPT
Two superstructures of Ce3Rh4Ge4
No full textInternational audienceTwo different samples of Ce3Rh4Ge4 were synthesized from different starting compositions by melting of the elements in an arc-melting furnace followed by annealing sequences in a sealed tantalum ampoule in a muffle furnace. The structures of two different stacking variants were refined on the basis of temperature dependent single-crystal X-ray diffractometer data. At high temperature Ce3Rh4Ge4 adopts the U3Ni4Si4 type structure with strongly enhanced anisotropic displacement parameters for the Rh1 atoms. For the two different crystals, additional reflections start to appear at different temperatures. The first crystal showed additional reflections already at room temperature (stacking variant I) and the second one showed additional reflections emerging below 270 K (stacking variant II). Stacking variant I could be described with the (3+1)D superspace group I2/m(α0γ)00; α=1/2a*, γ=1/2c*; (Z=2), 1252 F2 values, 48 variables, wR=0.0306 for the main and wR=0.0527 for 440 1st order satellite reflections, similar to Pr3Rh4Ge4. For stacking variant II the (3+1)D superspace group is Immm(α00)00s; α=1/2a*; (Z=2). The structure could be refined with 1261 F2 values, 53 variables and residuals of wR=0.0331 for the main reflections and wR=0.1755 (R1obs=0.0788) for the 1st order satellite reflections, [a=406.2(1), b=423.7(1) and c=2497.1(1) pm]. The commensurate description could be transformed to a three-dimensional (3D) supercell with space group Pnma and Z=4: a=812.5(1), b=423.7(1), c=2497.1(2) pm, 1261 F2 values, 69 variables and wR=0.0525. The relation of the U3Ni4Si4 type structure, the (3+1)D modulated and the 3D supercells are discussed on the basis of group-subgroup schemes. Ab initio electronic structure calculations are in line with the diffraction experiments, revealing the lowest total energy for the Pnma phase
Diversité du genre dans le Conseil d’Administration des ETI françaises : quelle masse critique de femmes pour influer sur la performance financière ?
No full textInternational audienceThis study aims to analyze the relationship between gender diversity in the boardroom and companies’ overall financial performance. Our focus bears on the impact of the increase of women sitting on the boards of French medium-sized companies (ETI) has on their performance. Our research is supported by an unbalanced panel of 965 firm-year observations of 173 boards of directors from publicly traded French ETIs (Euronext and Alternext). Our findings support the thesis that an increase in the number of female directors on the board has a positive impact on companies’ financial performance. Our findings are in line with the critical mass and Token status theories. The more women there are in the boardroom, the better the company’s financial performance will be.Cet article analyse la relation entre la diversité démographique des Conseils d’Administration (CA) et la performance financière des entreprises, et plus particulièrement, l’impact de l’évolution croissante du nombre de femmes sur la performance financière d’entreprises de taille intermédiaire (ETI) françaises. À cet effet, nous avons eu recours à un échantillon de référence comprenant plus de 965 observations correspondant à un panel témoin de la disparité démographique déséquilibrée de 173 CA d’ETI françaises cotées en Bourse (Euronext et Alternext). Les résultats obtenus montrent l’impact positif du nombre croissant de femmes sur les performances financières de ces entreprises. Ce résultat confirme les théories de la masse critique et du Token. Plus nombreuses sont les femmes au sein des conseils et meilleure est la performance financière de l’entreprise
Saintetés féminines, hagiographies contrastées et topographie sacrée marginale dans le sud de la Jordanie
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Synthesis of arbitrary-shaped textures constrained by the structure tensor field
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The history of accounting standards in French-speaking African countries since independence
No full textInternational audienceThe purpose of this paper is to focus on circumvolutions taken by the accounting standard-setting process in French-speaking African countries which have delayed convergence toward IFRS standards and to identify how different factors shape accounting standards in a context in which post-colonial hysteresis interact with globalization.The methodology of this study uses archival data and interviews with key individual actors. Two case studies from two successive periods are contrasted: the design of the OCAM accounting standards in the 1970s, and the development of the SYSCOA/OHADA accounting standards during the 1990s before the partial adoption of IFRS.The study shows the convergence toward international accounting standards in French-speaking African countries emerged from a complex, multimodal process mingling competition with collaboration and negotiation. They have followed a different path from most English-speaking African countries, where convergence to IAS/IFRS took place earlier and faster. The evidence indicates the significance of the interaction between the ex-colonization and the indigenous accounting standards, the importance of key actors and the level of the educational institutions. No African written sources were located. Most of the sources used were French.The paper has practical implications as it includes implications for the standards-setting in developing countries. The examination of the development of accounting rules in French-speaking African countries between 1960 and 2010 shows the complexity of the accounting standards’ diffusion dynamic.This study, innovates by providing novel insights over a 30-year period of accounting standards in French-speaking African countries. This research explains why IFRS have not yet adopted in French-speaking African countries as it was in English-speaking African countries
Investigation of Origanum libanoticum Essential Oils Chemical Polymorphism by Independent Components Analysis (ICA)
No full textInternational audienceThe essential oils obtained from Origanum libanoticum Boiss., a plant endemic to Lebanon, were analyzed by GC/MS. Seventy compounds were identified, covering till 99.8% of the total oil composition. All samples were p-cymene and/or β-caryophyllene chemotype, with variable percentage of other compounds such as α-pinene, myrcene, α-phellandrene, limonene, etc. Compared to traditional drying method, lyophilized samples provided the highest essential oil (EO) yields and yields were higher at flowering stage (Chouwen: 0.33% in 2013 and 0.32% in 2014; Qartaba: 0.27% in 2013 and 0.37% in 2014). According to independent components analysis (ICA), date and site of harvest, altitude and drying technique had no effect on the variation of O. libanoticum EO chemical composition. An annual variation of EOs composition was observed since a particular variation in some major components concentration was revealed monthly and annually between 2013 and 2014