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The Advent of Salivary Breast Cancer Biomarker Detection Using Affinity Sensors
No full textInternational audienc
New developments in fracture of rubbers: Predictive tools and influence of thermal aging
No full textInternational audienceIn this work, the influence of thermal oxidative aging on the ultimate mechanical properties of rubbers is investigated. Two new approaches to predict failure properties are proposed. The first one is the stress limiter approach that uses a “damage” parameter allowing determination of the failure stress and strain of an aged material knowing both the mechanical properties and macromolecular network characteristics of an as-received material. The second one is an extension of the energy limiter approach that suggests capturing the drop of the stress at failure by replacing the strain energy density function of an as-received elastomeric material by a function expressed in terms of an energy limiter. The predictive capabilities of these two approaches are validated using experimental results for two elastomeric materials: an EPDM and a polychloroprene (CR), both of which exhibit a largely predominant post-crosslinking (over chain scissions) during aging. Comparison between the predictions and the experimental results in terms of failure stresses and strains under uniaxial tension showed a good agreement. Consequently, these two approaches are promising tools for designing elastomeric parts subjected to thermal oxidative aging
Medication safety knowledge, attitude, and practice among hospital pharmacists in Lebanon
No full textInternational audienceBackground Studies showed that pharmacists have little experience with adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reporting due to insufficient knowledge of the concept of ADR and pharmacovigilance (PV). There is an urge to assess hospital pharmacists' knowledge in medication safety practices. Objective To evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice, among hospital pharmacists in Lebanon concerning ADRs and PV concepts. Methods A cross‐sectional study, conducted between March and July 2016, enrolled 187 hospital pharmacists in all Lebanese districts. Results Concerning knowledge, 60.8% of the pharmacists said that ADR is an injury caused by appropriate and suboptimal care, while 74.6% of them said it can be preventable and nonpreventable. Moreover, 47.5% of them defined PV as being the study that detects, assesses, understands, and prevents adverse effects. Furthermore, 55.1% believed that PV concerns drug, herbal, medical devices, and vaccine problems. Concerning attitude, 61% of the pharmacists said they do not support direct ADR reporting by the patient. Of them, 78.6% confessed that ADR reporting is a professional obligation to them while 88.2% admitted that it is time‐consuming with no outcome. When it comes to practice, 64.2% had been trained to report ADRs. Only 20.8% and 24.2% confessed reporting ADRs more than once a week, respectively. More than half (54.5%) said that they report the ADR to the patient's prescriber. Conclusion Lebanese hospital pharmacists have little knowledge about the concept and process of PV and spontaneous ADRs reporting system. However, these pharmacists have positive attitudes, but very little practice with reporting systems. Educational programs are urgently needed to emphasize the role and responsibility of pharmacists in PV practices and to raise awareness towards ADR reporting process
Epidemiology and microbiological profile comparison between community and hospital acquired infections: A multicenter retrospective study in Lebanon
No full textInternational audienceBACKGROUND: The objective of this study is to identify and characterize the species resistance of different pathogens between community acquired and hospital acquired infections pointing at patients' related independent co-morbidities and socio-demographic factors. METHODS: It was a retrospective cohort, multicenter study from five private hospitals located in Beirut and Mount Lebanon. Two hundred fifty-eight adult patients were included.RESULTS: 110 Gram negative pathogens and 26 Gram positive pathogens were implicated in hospital acquired infections. The Gram-negative bacteria that showed a positive correlation regarding patient's type of infection were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (6.2%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (3.1%). These bacteria were more frequent in patients with hospital acquired infections (P=0.002, 0.013 and 0.017 respectively). The ratio of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase producing Escherichia coli and K. pneumoniae and multi drug P. aeruginosa showed high significance in hospital acquired infections. The logistic regression, showed a significant relationship between resistant bacteria and age (p<0.001, ORa=5.680, CI [2.344; 13.765]) and immunosuppressed state (p=0.003, ORa=3.137, CI [1.485; 6.630]) and an inverse relationship for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) (p=0.006, ORa=0.403, CI [0.212; 0.765]). CONCLUSION: Our results confirm that hospital acquired infections/bacteria have higher rates of resistance when compared to community acquired; these rates increase with age, immunosuppression and are inversely proportional with COPD. Therefore, physicians should be aware of patients' comorbidities to properly guide initial therapy
Image classification based on log-Euclidean Fisher Vectors for covariance matrix descriptors
No full textInternational audienceThis paper introduces an image classification method based on the encoding of a set of covariance matrices. This encoding relies on Fisher vectors adapted to the log-Euclidean metric: the log-Euclidean Fisher vectors (LE FV). This approach is next extended to full local Gaussian descriptors composed by a set of local mean vectors and local covariance matrices. For that, the local Gaussian model is transformed to a zero-mean Gaussian model with an augmented covariance matrix. All these approaches are used to encode handcrafted or deep learning features. Finally, they are applied in a remote sensing application on the UC Merced dataset which consists in classifying land cover images. A sensitivity analysis is carried out to evaluate the potential of the proposed LE FV
Effet de l’inoculation mycorhizienne sur la croissance de l’origan et la production d’huiles essentielles sur un sol contaminé
No full textInternational audienc
Temporal variability and time compression of sediment yield in small Mediterranean catchments: impacts for land and water management
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Increased soil erosion, pressure on agricultural land, and climate change highlight the need for new management methods to mitigate soil loss. Management strategies should utilize comparable data sets of long‐term soil erosion monitoring across multiple environments. Adaptive soil erosion management in regions with intense precipitation requires an understanding of inter‐annual variability in sediment yield ( SY ) at regional scales. Here, a novel approach is proposed for analysing regional SY . We aimed to (i) investigate factors controlling inter‐ and intra‐annual SY , (ii) combine seasonality and time compression analyses to explore SY variability and (iii) discuss management implications for different Mediterranean environments. Continuous SY measurements totalling 104 years for eight small catchments were used to describe SY variability, which ranged from 0 to 271 t/ha/year and 0 to 116 t/ha/month. Maximum SY occurs in spring to summer for catchments with oceanic climates, while semi‐arid or dry summer climates experience SY minimums. We identified three time compression patterns at each time scale. Time compression was most intense for catchments with minimum SY in spring to summer. Low time compression was linked to very high soil loss, low run‐off and sediment production thresholds, and high connectivity. Reforestation, grassland and terracing changed SY magnitudes and time compression, but failed to reduce SY for large storm events. Periods with a high probability of high SY were identified using a combination of intra‐annual SY variability, seasonality analysis, and time compression analysis. Focusing management practices on monthly flow events, which account for the majority of SY , will optimise returns in Mediterranean catchments
Dynamique et omniprésente diversité de la référence islamiste
No full textQuelles transformations l’exclusion des « Frères fondateurs » égyptiens, après leur fugace mais emblématique passage au pouvoir entre juin 2012 et juillet 2013, a-t-elle induites au sein de la sphère oppositionnelle islamiste dans le monde arabe ? Quelles stratégies réactives génère dans ce vaste courant la « réobstruction » des canaux institutionnels de la représentation politique, corollaire de ce que l’on peut désigner comme un processus de résilience autoritaire? [Premières lignes
Adsorption of Aclonifen, Alachlor, Cd and Cu onto Natural River Suspended Matter in the Context of Multi-Pollutions: Influence of Contaminant Co-Presence and Order of Input into the Aqueous Solution
No full textInternational audienceIn the environment, a pollutant is rarely present alone, and other contaminants can influence its fate. To investigate the influence of the presence of other pollutants on the sorption of pesticides and trace metals (TM), the adsorption of Aclonifen, alachlor, Cd and Cu onto suspended particulate matter (SPM) was studied. SPM was isolated during the flood event of May 2010 in the Save agricultural watershed of SW France. Adsorption equilibrium was reached after 2 h of contact with SPM for pesticides and 24 h for TM. To simulate natural conditions, the SPM load allowing a maximum adsorption of pollutants was set at 1 g L-1 and the concentration of pollutants at 10 g L-1. These factors being established, the co-presence experiments showed that most contaminants were influenced by the presence of other pollutant(s) in the water, trace metals to a lesser extent than pesticides. The mutual influence can be either competition for the same adsorption sites or formation of new complexes between pollutants. These phenomena can modify the adsorption capacities of each pollutant. The order of introduction into the aqueous solution also influenced the amount of adsorption of pollutants onto SPM. These results open new perspectives on the fate of pollutants
La filtration dynamique : Un nouveau concept pour la filtration des vins chargés en particules
No full textLa filtration dynamique : Un nouveau concept pour la filtration des vins chargés en particule