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Private Statistical Survey Avoiding Privacy Composition in the Real World
Get PDF総合研究大学院大学博士（統計科学）application/pdf総研大甲第2405号doctoral thesi
Mettl1-dependent tRNA m7G modification controls tRNA expression and fertility in Drosophila melanogaster
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Auxin methylation during establishment and evolution of root nodule symbiosis
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Digital Low-Level Radio-Frequency phase-amplitude feedback development and its application for KEK LUCX facility stabilization
Get PDF総合研究大学院大学博士（理学）application/pdf総研大甲第2445号doctoral thesi
Bregman Proximal Algorithms Exploiting DC Structure for Nonconvex Optimization and Their Applications
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Development of in vivo volumetric imaging method for mouse brain utilizing multibeam scanning two-photon microscopy
Get PDF総合研究大学院大学博士（理学）application/pdf総研大甲第2433号doctoral thesi
Collective Imaginings in the Interactions of a Lifestyle Migrant Community: Japanese Retirees in Chiang Mai, Thailand
Get PDFapplication/pdfIt is increasingly common for elderly persons from relatively wealthy nations to cross borders to seek an enjoyable retirement overseas. This migratory flow can be categorized as a lifestyle migration in which the primary agenda of the migration is to pursue a better quality of life. In migration studies, the newly-arising phenomenon of lifestyle migration has been examined extensively from various perspectives. However, extant studies have not sufficiently delved into relationships within ethnic migrant communities at destinations and what factors are involved in constructing social contacts between migrants from the same country in transnational settings, even though many lifestyle migrants often congregate with persons from the same country and have little interaction with locals in the host society. Drawing upon the data from one year of fieldwork and follow-up interviews with a focus on Japanese lifestyle migrants living in Chiang Mai, Thailand, this article highlights what the author refers to as “collective imaginings of ethnic members,” which is a key to understanding the dynamics among those members. The term “collective imaginings of ethnic members” refers to the stereotyped representation of a migrating agency, i.e., who are the typical migrants, which is widely acknowledged within an ethnic community. Interacting with postmigration experiences, stereotyped imaginings arise from an assemblage of the global and bilateral histories of sending and receiving societies and structural conditions that enabled migration for self-fulfilment. The author argues that the imaginings powerfully operate to shape communal interactive practices in lifestyle migrant communities. This article suggests that the collective imaginings of ethnic members, rooted in cultural meanings of destinations, are a significant factor in establishing social practices in an ethnic community. The findings encourage scholars to pay close attention to migration tales widely believed within an ethnic community. By doing so, researchers have become able to better understand how dynamics are configured and ordered inside specific ethnic boundaries in relation to a given destination context.departmental bulletin pape
Stone-based Customs of Prayer to Avoid Childbirth: With a Focus on Childbearing Customs in the Modern Era
Get PDFapplication/pdf本稿は、安産以外の堕胎、間引き、避妊などの産育習俗において、用いられる石の特徴、石の働き、石の呪術性などについて考察し、石に託された民俗の心意を明らかにすることを目的とする。
これまでの民俗学の研究では、子授けや安産などを願う石の習俗について早くから報告がなされ、研究が蓄積されてきた。一方、避妊、堕胎などの「出生コントロール」や間引きに関する石の習俗については、研究がほとんどなされてこなかった。そこで本稿では、民俗学に限らず、近世史における堕胎、間引きなどの研究を参照し、筆者がこれまで研究を進めてきた石や岩石信仰との関わりから、石を用いた避妊、堕胎、間引きなどの習俗について検討していく。
分析の対象とするのは、『日本産育習俗資料集成』、『岡山縣下妊娠出産育兒に關する民俗資料』、『愛知縣下妊娠出産育兒に關する民俗資料』などの資料である。堕胎、間引きと避妊の実施方法や特徴、また石を用いたかどうかなどを分析の指標とした。結果は、以下に示す通りである。
まず石を用いた堕胎と間引きの習俗は、石の呪術性よりも、モノとしての石の重量、堅固という石の物理的な性質を利用していたことがわかった。堕胎の具体的な方法として、石を用いたものはわずかであるが、たとえば石を抱いて高いところから飛び降りる、漬け物石を持って動き廻る、などが挙げられる。間引きの習俗の場合も、石の物理的な性質を利用し、とくに神聖視される場合もある石臼を用いて嬰児を殺す方法などが見られた。
また、妊娠を避ける習俗では、石の持つ霊性または神性を基に、投げるまたは腰掛けるという行為を加えて祈願していたことが明らかとなった。その際、人に見られないように、また、後ろ向きになる、といった日常的な祈願の行為とは意識的に逆の行為を行って避妊の達成を願っていたことがわかった。
堕胎や避妊などの「産まない」こと、「妊娠しない」こと、また間引きという嬰児殺しのなかで、石を用いて子殺しをしたり、石ではないがホオズキの茎を性器に入れるなど、危険な方法で堕胎せざるを得なかった当時の女性たちの性や生が『日本産育習俗資料集成』という断片的な資料の中からも浮かび上がってくる。つまり、石を用いた／石を用いない「出生コントロール」を行う女性たちの切実な願いと現実、そして産まない、産めない女性を石を用いて「石女（うまずめ）」と表現した当時の人々の眼差しも、石に注目することで、明らかにすることができたと言える。
The purpose of this paper is to examine the characteristics of the stones used in childbearing practices for purposes other than safe childbirth, such as abortion, infanticide, and contraception and the functions and magical properties of stones and to clarify folk beliefs entrusted to stones.
There are earlier reports of folklore studies on the custom of using stones to pray for fertility and easy childbirth, and studies on the subject have been accumulated. On the other hand, research has not been conducted extensively on stone-based customs related to birth control, such as contraception, abortion, and infanticide.
The author conducted studies on abortion and infanticide not only in folklore but also in early modern history and examined stone-based birth control, abortion, and infanticide customs in relation to stone and rock beliefs, which the author has been researching.
Based on the materials such as Nihon saniku shūzoku shiryō shūsei, Okayama kenka ninsin shusan ikuji siryo, and Aichi kenka ninsin shusan ikuji siryo, the methods and characteristics of abortion, infanticide, and contraception, as well as whether or not stones were used, were used as indices in the analysis. The conclusions are as follows.
First, it is clear that abortion and infanticide practices using stones were based more on the physical properties of stones as a tool, i.e., the weight and solidity, than on the magical properties of stones. Only a few specific methods of abortion involve use of stones. For example, jumping down from a high place holding a stone, or moving around while holding a stone. In the case of the custom of infanticide, the physical properties of stones were used to kill infants, especially by using a stone mortar, which is sometimes considered sacred.
In the custom of avoiding pregnancy, it was found that people prayed by throwing or sitting on stones based on their spiritual or divine properties. In doing so, it was found that they consciously performed the opposite act of daily prayer, such as turning backward or hiding not to be seen, in order to achieve the goal of contraception.
Abortion, contraception, and other forms of infanticide to prevent birth, such as using stones to kill the child or inserting a hozuki stalk (a branch) into the genitals, as described in Nihon saniku shūzoku shiryō shūsei, reveal the sexual practices and lives of women who were forced to use dangerous methods to perform abortions.
The author clarifies the compelling desires and realities of the women who performed birth control using or without stones, as well as the viewpoints of the people of the time who referred to stones to describe women who did not or could not give birth, calling them stone women (umazume).departmental bulletin pape
