Journal of Next-Generation Research 5.0
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Les futurs professeurs des écoles et la réduction des inégalités de réussite scolaire à La Réunion et à Mayotte
No full textInternational audienc
Chocs technologiques, chocs des prix et fluctuations du chômage en République Démocratique du Congo
No full textInternational audienceThe main purpose of this research is to analyze the effects of macroeconomic shocks on unemployment fluctuations in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Using the SVECM model on DRC data for the period 1960 to 2014, the conclusion is that the high and persistent level of unemployment is mainly explained permanently by technological and price shocks.L'objet de cet article est d'analyser les effets des chocs macro-économiques sur les fluctuations du chômage en République Démocratique du Congo (RDC). En utilisant le modèle SVECM sur les données de la RDC pour la période allant de 1960 à 2014, on aboutit à la conclusion selon laquelle le niveau élevé et persistent du chômage est, à long terme, essentiellement expliqué de manière permanente par les chocs technologiques et des prix
1946-2016 : Soixante-dix ans de départementalisation ultra-marine. Entre unité constitutionnelle et diversité législative dans la République
No full textInternational audience1946-2016 - 70 ans de départementalisation ultra-marine Entre unité constitutionnelle et diversité législative dans la République Issu du colloque qui s'est tenu à l'Université de La Réunion le 14 avril 2016, cet ouvrage donne à voir un droit de l'outre-mer mouvant et reflet de son temps. Loin des évocations simplificatrices et réductrices, les contributions réunies à la faveur de la commémoration du soixante-dixième anniversaire de la loi de départementalisation (loi n° 46-451 du 19 mars 1946 tendant au classement comme départements français de la Guadeloupe, de la Martinique, de la Réunion et de la Guyane française), témoignent d'une réflexion scientifique ordonnée autour des tensions entre le centre et la périphérie. Alors que le processus de départementalisation conjuguait unité constitutionnelle et diversité législative, désormais la tendance est au renforcement de l'identité constitutionnelle par delà la multiplication des statuts législatifs. Ces linéaments s'inscrivent dans un double contexte : l'européanisation des liens entre l'Outre-mer et sa métropole ; la réforme de l'organisation territoriale de la France présentée depuis 2012 comme l'Acte III de la décentralisation. Au nom de l'ouverture au monde suivant la devise de l'Université et du refus d'un entre-soi disciplinaire et académique, des responsables politiques nationaux ou locaux, qu'ils soient auteurs ou acteurs de la départementalisation ultramarine ont été associés. Leurs propos dessinent le portrait d'une départementalisation plurielle suivant les regards autonomistes, régionalistes ou intégrationnistes portés sur une oeuvre datée et située mais en aucun cas figée
Doxycycline in the management of sexually transmitted infections
No full textInternational audienceDoxycycline is a second-generation tetracycline, available worldwide for half a century. It is an inexpensive broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent largely used in the management of several bacterial infections, particularly involving intracellular pathogens, as well as in the treatment of acne or for the prophylaxis of malaria. Physicochemical characteristics of doxycycline (liposolubility) allow a high diffusion in the tissues and organs. It has high bioavailability and a long elimination half-life allowing oral administration of one or two daily doses. Over the last decade, the prevalence of bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (syphilis, chlamydiosis, gonorrhoea and Mycoplasma genitalium infections) has increased in most countries, mainly in MSM, many of whom are infected with HIV. In light of increasing prevalence of resistance towards first-line regimens of some STI agents and recently updated recommendations for STI management, doxycycline appears to be an attractive option compared with other available antibiotics for the treatment of some STIs due to its efficacy, good tolerability and oral administration. More recently, indications for doxycycline in STI prophylaxis have been evaluated. Considering the renewed interest of doxycycline in STI management, this review aims to update the pharmacology of, efficacy of, safety of and resistance to doxycycline in this context of use
The renewable energy revolution of Reunion island
No full textInternational audienceReunion Island, a French overseas region located in the Indian Ocean, is facing a three-fold challenge combining demographics, the environment and energy. To limit its heavy dependence on imported fossil fuels, Reunion Island aims to achieve energy autonomy by 2030 based on greater energy efficiency and renewable energy alternatives. The objective of this study is to analyze different scenarios to reach electricity autonomy and, at the same time, consider the wide-scale integration of renewable energy in the island's power system using the bottom-up optimization energy model TIMES-Reunion. Despite the tremendous potential of renewable energy sources present on the island, the transition to 100% renewable energy needs to be supported by incentives or constraints. Strong energy policies can both direct the choice of renewable resources and accelerate the renewable transition. The development of biomass on Reunion Island is economically interesting. The transition scenarios show that by 2030, electricity from biomass advantageously replaces electricity from coal and represents slightly more than 50% of electricity generation. Solar and wave/ocean energies are not the most cost effective option, but wind energy tends to disappear in the face of these energies more politically supported. A network regulation rule benefits biomass and is more detrimental to solar than to wave energy. The decarbonized transition of the power system incurs higher total discounted system costs due to the additional costs induced by the different incentives to promote certain renewables, with some pathways toward energy autonomy appearing more costly than others
"3D_Fault_Offsets," a Matlab Code to Automatically Measure Lateral and Vertical Fault Offsets in Topographic Data: Application to San Andreas, Owens Valley, and Hope Faults
No full textInternational audienceMeasuring fault offsets preserved at the ground surface is of primary importance to recover earthquake and long‐term slip distributions and understand fault mechanics. The recent explosion of high‐resolution topographic data, such as Lidar and photogrammetric digital elevation models, offers an unprecedented opportunity to measure dense collections of fault offsets. We have developed a new Matlab code, 3D_Fault_Offsets, to automate these measurements. In topographic data, 3D_Fault_Offsets mathematically identifies and represents nine of the most prominent geometric characteristics of common sublinear markers along faults (especially strike slip) in 3‐D, such as the streambed (minimum elevation), top, free face and base of channel banks or scarps (minimum Laplacian, maximum gradient, and maximum Laplacian), and ridges (maximum elevation). By calculating best fit lines through the nine point clouds on either side of the fault, the code computes the lateral and vertical offsets between the piercing points of these lines onto the fault plane, providing nine lateral and nine vertical offset measures per marker. Through a Monte Carlo approach, the code calculates the total uncertainty on each offset. It then provides tools to statistically analyze the dense collection of measures and to reconstruct the prefaulted marker geometry in the horizontal and vertical planes. We applied 3D_Fault_Offsets to remeasure previously published offsets across 88 markers on the San Andreas, Owens Valley, and Hope faults. We obtained 5,454 lateral and vertical offset measures. These automatic measures compare well to prior ones, field and remote, while their rich record provides new insights on the preservation of fault displacements in the morphology
Chantier interdit au public ?: Penser le chantier comme un projet urbain : un nouvel enjeu pour les architectes.
No full textNational audienceIf construction sites is a recurring theme of discussions between architects, it is also and above all a permanent element of the city, although largely unthought by its stakeholders. The article insists on the important role that architects must play on construction sites in many ways. On the one hand, it is about reducing the nuisances. On the other hand, the architect can rethink his role as mediator between all the stakeholders who think and build the city. Challenges are of a social and economic nature: to reduce the tensions, to improve the fluidity of the building sites; cultural: open the construction of the city to the public; and professional: to change the role of the architect by closely linking cities and building sites, drawing and construction.Si le chantier est un thème récurrent des discussions entre architectes il est aussi et surtout un élément permanent de la ville, bien que largement impensé par ses acteurs. L'article revient sur le rôle important que doivent jouer les architectes sur les chantiers sur plusieurs plans. D'une part, il s'agit de diminuer les nuisances. D'autre part, l'architecte peut repenser son rôle de médiateur entre l'ensemble des acteurs qui pensent et construisent la ville. Les enjeux sont d'ordre social et économique : diminuer les tensions, améliorer la fluidité des chantiers ; d'ordre culturel : ouvrir la construction de la ville au public ; et d'ordre professionnel : faire évoluer le rôle de l'architecte en liant étroitement villes et chantiers, dessin et construction
Monotonicity paradoxes in three-candidate elections using scoring elimination rules
No full textInternational audienceScoring elimination rules (SER), that give points to candidates according to their rank in voters’ preference orders and eliminate the candidate(s) with the lowest number of points, constitute an important class of voting rules. This class of rules, that includes some famous voting methods such as Plurality Runoff or Coombs Rule, suffers from a severe pathology known as monotonicity paradox or monotonicity failure, that is, getting more points from voters can make a candidate a loser and getting fewer points can make a candidate a winner. In this paper, we study three-candidate elections and we identify, under various conditions, which SER minimizes the probability that a monotonicity paradox occurs. We also analyze some strategic aspects of these monotonicity failures. The probability model on which our results are based is the impartial anonymous culture condition, often used in this kind of study
Detection of carbapenemase activity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)
No full textInternational audienceA new MALDI-TOF MS imipenem hydrolysis assay was developed to optimize detection of carbapenemase-producing strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The method correctly discriminated carbapenemase producers (n=74) from non-producers (n=95) in 99.4% of cases, and successfully detected 100% GES-5 strains (n=5)