Journal of Next-Generation Research 5.0
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Guided Unfoldings for Finding Loops in Standard Term Rewriting
No full textPre-proceedings paper presented at the 28th International Symposium on Logic-Based Program Synthesis and Transformation (LOPSTR 2018), Frankfurt am Main, Germany, 4-6 September 2018 (arXiv:1808.03326)In this paper, we reconsider the unfolding-based technique that we have introduced previously for detecting loops in standard term rewriting. We improve it by guiding the unfolding process, using distinguished positions in the rewrite rules. This results in a depth-first computation of the unfoldings, whereas the original technique was breadth-first. We have implemented this new approach in our tool NTI and compared it to the previous one on a bunch of rewrite systems. The results we get are promising (better times, more successful proofs)
Robust multiple-set linear canonical analysis based on minimum covariance determinant estimator
No full textBy deriving influence functions related to multiple-set linear canonical analysis (MSLCA) we show that the classical version of this analysis, based on empirical covariance operators, is not robust. Then, we introduce a robust version of MSLCA by using the MCD estimator of the covariance operator of the involved random vector. The related influence functions are then derived and are shown to be bounded. Asymptotic properties of the introduced robust MSLCA are obtained and permit to propose a robust test for mutual non-correlation. This test is shown to be robust by studying the related second order influence function under the null hypothesis
Bat Astrovirus in Mozambique
No full textInternational audienceAstroviruses (AstVs) are responsible for infection of a large diversity of mammalian and avian species, including bats, aquatic birds, livestock and humans. We investigated AstVs circulation in bats in Mozambique and Mayotte, a small island in the Comoros Archipelago located between east Africa and Madagascar. Biological material was collected from 338 bats and tested for the presence of the AstV RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase gene with a pan-AstV semi-nested polymerase chain reaction assay. None of the 79 samples obtained from Mayotte bats (Pteropus seychellensis comorensis and Chaerephon pusillus) tested positive; however, 20.1% of bats sampled in Mozambique shed AstVs at the time of sampling and significant interspecific variation in the proportion of positive bats was detected. Many AstVs sequences obtained from a given bat species clustered in different phylogenetic lineages, while others seem to reflect some level of host-virus association, but also with AstVs previously reported from Malagasy bats. Our findings support active circulation of a large diversity of AstVs in bats in the western Indian Ocean islands, including the southeastern African coast, and highlight the need for more detailed assessment of its risk of zoonotic transmission to human populations
La plus-value d'une tierce personne dans un dispositif de formation d'enseignants débutants
No full textHow do the rules are appropriated during the year of preservice teachers? The traditional conception of education gives a crucial role to the experts and focuses on the place of professional collectives in the development of the activity of teachers in training. Does sociology have to say or complain about this approach? The result of our survey based of three schools, show that the classical dyadic relationship expert-tutor / novice does not always allow novices to appropriate the rules of trade. This dyadic configuration does not favor the game of argumentation and counter-argumentation through agreements or disagreements and get difficult the learning of rules. Would not it be better to introduce a third party to overcome the statutory obstacles breaking the relationship. This is what we choose to do from an experimental approach based on the establishment of a triadic relationship. The third party raises the level of the justifying constraint and the tutor's advice can no longer rely solely on the statutory advantage he enjoyed hitherto.Comment s'approprie-t-on les règles de métier lors de l'année de stage de titularisation des enseignants débutants ? La conception traditionnelle de l'enseignement donne un rôle crucial aux experts et porte l'attention sur la place des collectifs professionnels dans le développement de l'activité des enseignants en formation. La sociologie a-t-elle à dire ou à redire face à cette approche ? Fruit d'une enquête de terrain sur trois établissements scolaires, nos résultats montrent que la relation dyadique classique, tuteur expert / novice, ne permet pas toujours aux novices de s'approprier les règles de métier. Cette configuration dyadique ne favorise pas le jeu de l'argumentation et de la contre-argumentation permettant via des accords ou des désaccords, l'apprentissage des règles. Ne conviendrait-il pas mieux d'introduire un tiers pour dépasser les freins statutaires qui brident la relation ? C'est ce que nous avons choisi de faire à partir d'une démarche expérimentale qui repose sur la mise en place d'une relation triadique. Le tiers élève le niveau de la contrainte de justification, et les conseils du tuteur ne peuvent plus s'appuyer uniquement sur l'avantage statutaire dont il bénéficiait jusqu'alors. Ce dispositif permet au stagiaire, au risque du conflit, engageant la nécessité d'opération de relativisation et de compromis, d'accéder aux règles enseignées par le tuteur, restées jusque-là inaccessibles
CJUE, 7e ch., 17 avril 2018, aff. C-8/17, Biosafe- Industria De Reciclagens
No full textInternational audienc
Antiretroviral exposure and comorbidities in an aging HIV-infected population: The challenge of geriatric patients
No full textInternational audienceAs HIV-infected adults on successful antiretroviral therapy (ART) are expected to have close to normal lifespans, they will increasingly develop age-related comorbidities. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to compare in the French Dat’AIDS cohort, the HIV geriatric population, aged 75 years and over, to the elderly one, aged from 50 to 74 years. As of Dec 2015, 16,436 subjects (43.8% of the French Dat’AIDS cohort) were aged from 50 to 74 (elderly group) and 572 subjects (1.5%) were aged 75 and over (geriatric group). Durations of HIV infection and of ART were slightly but significantly different, median at 19 and 18 years, and 15 and 16 years in the elderly and geriatric group, respectively. The geriatric group was more frequently at CDC stage C and had a lower nadir CD4. This group had been more exposed to first generation protease inhibitors and thymidine analogues. Despite similar virologic suppression, type of ART at the last visit significantly differed between the 2 groups: triple ART in 74% versus 68.2%, ART ≥ 4 drugs in 4.7% versus 2.7%; dual therapy in 11.6% versus 16.4% in the elderly group and the geriatric group, respectively. In the geriatric group all co-morbidities were significantly more frequent, except dyslipidemia, 4.3% of the elderly group had ≥4 co-morbidities versus18.4% in the geriatric group. Despite more co-morbidities and more advanced HIV infection the geriatric population achieve similar high rate of virologic suppression than the elderly population. A multidisciplinary approach should be developed to face the incoming challenge of aging HIV population
La carence des pouvoirs publics dans l’adaptation au changement climatique : quels recours ?
No full textInternational audienceHow do tribunals answer the public authorities’ failings to adapt to climate change? What remedies can petitioner resort to? French administrative law enables petitioners either to initiate an administrative review or to bring an action for damages against the administration. This study assesses the success rates of both procedures. Administrative reviews offer a relatively high success rate, for the administrative judge has a flexible reading of their admissibility criterion. Moreover, the legal duty to act (necessary to demonstrate the validity of the action) can be found in human rights, in the law, or in the notion of public order. On the other hand, actions for damages are less successful due to the nature of the prejudice and the difficulty to establish the chain of causation.Comment la carence des pouvoirs publics dans l’adaptation au changement climatique peut-elle se résoudre devant les tribunaux ? Quelles sont les diverses voies de droit à la disposition d’éventuels requérants ? Le droit administratif français offre deux solutions : introduire un recours en excès de pouvoir contre un acte administratif ou introduire une action en responsabilité. Cette étude analyse le degré de succès de telles actions en justice. Le recours en excès de pouvoir offre de réelles possibilitésde réussite. En effet, le juge administratif interprète souplement ses conditions de recevabilité. De plus, les obligations d’agir (nécessaires à la démonstration du bien-fondé de l’action) peuvent être trouvées dans les droits de l’homme, dans la loi, dans la notion d’ordre public. En revanche, l’action en responsabilité offre des chances de succès plus réduites en raison de la nature du préjudice et de la difficulté à établir le lien de causalité