Journal of Next-Generation Research 5.0
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Comment appréhender les nouvelles formes d’organisation du travail au service de l’innovation collaborative dans le cadre des territoires inscrits dans une démarche de stratégie intelligente ? - Cas des tiers - lieux collaboratifs
No full textWhile the scientific literature concludes that collaborative innovation is not a new concept, definitions are often contradictory and its implementation remains enigmatic. Therefore, this thesis in management aimed to address the issue by stating its main question as follows: "How do we capitalize on the new forms of work organization targeting collaborative innovation in regions supporting smart specialization strategies? The case of coworking spaces". As a consequence, the following research objectives have been formulated: 1. To analyze the collaborative dimension of the organization of work in order to detect its innovative potential; 2. To identify management processes that foster collaborative innovation using the case of coworking spaces; 3. To conjugate these processes at the level of a territory in order to propose an integrative management model capable of enhancing the potential of collaborative innovation. The thesis was articulated around three levels of analysis: conceptual, conjunctural and territorial. Empirical research has focused on several case studies: 11 coworking spaces in France and 6 coworking spaces in the United States. The triangulation of the data from semi - structured interviews, documentary analysis and empirical observation helped produce quality results. The conceptual analysis permitted to clarify the notion of "novelty" associated with the new forms of work organization, as well as their innovative potential; thus, this level of analysis aimed to outline the collaborative innovation analysis grid, the conceptual schema of the thesis. The conjunctural level of the analysis proposed an enriched conceptual diagram by integrating the elements of the fieldwork. Finally, the territorial analysis provided an integrative model of the territorial management of collaborative innovation. On the one hand, these results are meant to raise awareness of the new implications of collaborative work and its potential, particularly collaborative innovation; on the other hand, they emphasize the importance of space and the importance of the three types of communication - communication for coordination, communication for information, and communication for inspiration - in the management of collaborative innovation. Thus, they underline multiple opportunities to define new (public) policies for the management of (territorial) collaborative innovation.Alors que la littérature scientifique décrète que l’innovation collaborative n’est pas une nouveauté, les définitions sont souvent contradictoires et sa mise en œuvre reste énigmatique. Par conséquent, cette thèse en sciences de gestion a souhaité apporter des clarifications et des premiers éléments de réponse à travers la problématique centrale suivante : " Comment appréhender les nouvelles formes d’organisation du travail au service de l’innovation collaborative dans le cadre des territoires inscrits dans une démarche de stratégie intelligente ? Le cas des espaces de coworking ". Plusieurs objectifs en ont découlé : 1. Analyser la dimension collaborative de l’organisation du travail afin de déceler son potentiel novateur ; 2. Identifier les processus de gestion qui favorisent l’innovation collaborative en utilisant le cas des espaces de coworking ; 3. Conjuguer ces processus au niveau d’un territoire afin de pouvoir proposer un modèle de gestion intégratif capable de démultiplier le potentiel d’innovation collaborative. La thèse s’est, donc, articulée autour de trois niveaux d’analyse : conceptuel, conjoncturel et territorial. La recherche empirique s’est concentrée sur plusieurs études de cas : 11 espaces de coworking en France et 6 espaces de coworking aux États-Unis. La triangulation des données à partir des entretiens semi-directifs, de l’analyse documentaire et de l’observation empirique a contribué à une meilleure qualité des résultats obtenus. L’analyse conceptuelle nous a permis de clarifier la notion de « nouveauté » associée aux nouvelles formes d’organisation de travail, ainsi que leur potentiel novateur, afin de pouvoir esquisser la grille d’analyse de l’innovation collaborative, le schéma conceptuel de la thèse. Le niveau conjoncturel de l’analyse propose, donc, un schéma conceptuel enrichi intégrant les éléments du terrain. Enfin, l’analyse territoriale a donné lieu à un modèle intégratif de gestion territoriale de l’innovation collaborative. Ces résultats visent, d’un côté, la prise de conscience de nouveaux enjeux associés au concept de travail collaboratif et son potentiel, notamment l’innovation collaborative ; et de l’autre, la prise de conscience de l’importance de l’espace et des trois types de communication - communication pour coordination, communication pour information, communication pour inspiration - dans la gestion de l’innovation collaborative afin d’envisager de nouvelles politiques (publiques) de gestion de l’innovation collaborative (territoriale)
Monitoring Greenland ice sheet buoyancy-driven calving discharge using glacial earthquakes
No full textInternational audienceSince the 2000s, Greenland ice sheet mass loss has been accelerating, followed by increasing numbers of glacial earthquakes (GEs) at near-grounded glaciers. GEs are caused by calving of km-scale icebergs which capsize against the terminus. Seismic record inversion allows a reconstruction of the history of GE sources which captures capsize dynamics through iceberg-to-terminus contact. When compared with a catalog of contact forces from an iceberg capsize model, seismic force history accurately computes calving volumes while the earthquake magnitude fails to uniquely characterize iceberg size, giving errors up to 1 km 3 . Calving determined from GEs recorded ateight glaciers in 1993-2013 accounts for up to 21% of the associated discharge and 6% of the Greenland mass loss. The proportion of discharge attributed to capsizing calving may be underestimated by at least 10% as numerous events could not be identified by standard seismic detections (Olsen and Nettles, 2018). While calving production tends to stabilize in East Greenland, Western glaciers have released more and larger icebergs since 2010 and have become major contributors to Greenland dynamic discharge. Production of GEs and calving behavior are controlled by glacier geometry with bigger icebergs being produced when the terminus advances in deepening water. We illustrate how GEs can help in partitioning and monitoring Greenland mass loss and characterizing capsize dynamics
Facteurs associés au risque de dénutrition chez les personnes âgées de plus de 65 ans vivant à domicile à La Réunion en 2016 et 2017
No full textBackground : Reunion Islanders have a health condition that is degraded earlier than in metropolitan France and there is little data in the scientific literature on the nutritional status of elderly people living at home.Objectives : To determine the factors associated with the alteration of nutritional status among people aged 65 and over and living at home in Reunion Island.Method : We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study based on the survey data Gramoune Care carried out between 2016 and 2017 in which 32,8% of people had a poor nutritional status according to the results of the MNA-SF. Bivariate analyses were conducted to determine the factors associated with this risk and prevalence ratios between the different variables were calculated to determine the profiles of malnourished subjects.Results : Altered nutritional status is associated with demographic factors (age and female gender), health status factors (depression, risk of falling, memory problems, history of hospitalization, loss of autonomy, polymedication, low fruit and vegetable consumption, lack of alcohol consumption), socio-economic conditions (housing in the "Bas", widowhood, celibacy, relationship isolation, low income level, lack of education) and food budget restrictions.Conclusion : The risk of undernutrition among older people at the meeting is higher than in industrialized European countries. It is associated with many factors including management could limit its development.Introduction : Les réunionnais ont un état de santé se dégradant plus précocement qu'en métropole et il y a peu de données dans la littérature scientifique sur le statut nutritionnel des personnes âgées vivant à domicile.Objectifs : Déterminer les facteurs associés à l’altération de l’état nutritionnel chez les personnes âgées de plus de 65 ans et vivant à domicile à la Réunion.Méthode : Nous avons mené une étude transversale descriptive à partir des données de l’enquête Gramoune Care réalisée entre 2016 et 2017, dans laquelle 32,8% personnes avaient une altération de leur état nutritionnel selon les résultats du MNA-SF. Des analyses bivariées ont été réalisées afin de déterminer les facteurs associés à ce risque et nous avons calculé les rapports de prévalence entre les différentes variables afin de déterminer les profils des sujets dénutris.Résultats : L’altération du statut nutritionnel est associé à des facteurs démographiques (âge et sexe féminin), à des facteurs liés à l’état de santé (dépression, risque de chute, troubles de la mémoire, antécédent d’hospitalisation, perte d’autonomie, polymédication, faible consommation en fruits et légumes, absence de consommation d’alcool), à des facteurs liés aux conditions socio-économiques (habitat dans les « Bas », veuvage, célibat, isolement relationnel, faible niveau de revenus et d’éducation) et à la restriction budgétaire en matière d’alimentation.Conclusion : Le risque de dénutrition des sujets âgés à la réunion est plus élevé que dans les pays européens industrialisés. Il est associé à de nombreux facteurs dont une prise en charge adaptée pourrait permettre de limiter son développement
Prokaryote Communities at Active Chimney and In-Situ Colonization Devices after a Magmatic Degassing Event (37°N MAR, EMSO-Azores Deep-Sea Observatory)
No full textInternational audienceThe mixing zone between high temperature hydrothermal fluids and seawater produces redox gradients, promoting the development of unique ecosystems based on chemotrophy. The structure of microbial communities depends on their environment, which can vary according to space and time. Hydrothermal circulation within the oceanic crust determines the chemical composition and flow of fluids, depending on underground events (earthquakes, volcanic episodes....), and impacts the development of microbial communities. This link between hydrothermal vent communities and deep geological events is the focus of the present study, the first of its kind for slow-spreading ridge. In this study, we present a unique set of multidisciplinary data collected from 2008 to 2011 on the Eiffel Tower hydrothermal site (Lucky Strike vent field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge). We benefit from continuous geophysical monitoring (temperature, seismicity) of the site, annual sampling of hydrothermal fluids (hot and diffuse) for geochemistry analyses, sampling of hydrothermal chimneys and an in situ microbial colonization experiments over a year for microbial study. The high CO2 content and concentrations of major elements (Cl, Ca, Si) and SO4 in the end-member fluids collected in 2010, indicate that a magmatic degassing occurred between 2009 and 2010 under the Lucky Strike hydrothermal field. This is supported by the large temperature variations observed in March-April 2010. These magmatic CO2 inputs seem to have affected microbial communities' colonizing the high temperature chimney, as well as the basalts in the more diffuse and mixed zone, promoting the development of thermophilic/ anaerobic Archaea and Bacteria (Archaeoglobales, Nautiliales, Nitratiruptoraceae)
Journal de la mission DHEEP aux îles Éparses, du 03 au 30 avril 2019
No full textThis log illustrates the activities of the DHEEP mission aboard R.V. Marion Dufresne in the Îles Éparses in April 2019. The objective of this mission was to collect the biological material dedicated to a study of the demographic history of the reef fauna of the western Indian Ocean. Collections of fire corals, giant clams, chitons, hermit crabs, brittle stars, sea cucumbers and fishes were made on the reefs of the Europa Islands, Juan de Nova, Glorieuses and Tromelin. Among the highlights of this mission were the collection of specimens of two new species of the fish genus Gymnocranius and the sampling of two rare giant clams currently under taxonomic revision, Tridacna elongatissima and T. rosewateri.Ce journal illustre le déroulement de la mission DHEEP à bord du N.O. Marion Dufresne, aux îles Eparses en avril 2019. L'objectif de cette mission était de récolter le matériel biologique nécessaire à l'étude de l'histoire démographique de la faune marine récifale de l’ouest de l’océan Indien. Des récoltes de millépores, tridacnes, chitons, bernard l’hermite, ophiures, holothuries et poissons ont été faites sur les récifs des îles Europa, Juan de Nova, Glorieuses et Tromelin. Parmi les événements marquants de cette mission sont la collecte de spécimens de deux nouvelles espèces de poissons du genre Gymnocranius et l’échantillonnage de deux tridacnes rares en cours de révision taxonomique, Tridacna elongatissima et T. rosewateri
Chronic kidney disease and HIV in the era of antiretroviral treatment : findings from a 10-year cohort study in a west African setting
No full textInternational audienceBACKGROUND:It has been reported that people living with HIV in West Africa exhibited the highest risks for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the world. Here, we aimed at determining the CKD frequency and changes in kidney function during antiretroviral treatment (ART) in a large cohort of HIV-patients followed in Burkina Faso.METHODS:We included ART-naive adults who initiated ART at the Day Care Unit of the Souro Sanou University Hospital between 01/01/2007 and 12/31/2016. We assessed the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by serum creatinine using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation. Following the K/DOQI recommendations, CKD was defined as eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m2 at two consecutive measurements at least 3 months apart. The factors associated with eGFR decline or CKD were identified by mixed linear regression and Cox regression, respectively.RESULTS:Three thousand, one hundred and thirty-eight patients (72% women) were followed for a median (IQR) of 4.5(2.2-6.9) years. At baseline, median eGFR (IQR) was 110.7(94.4-128.4) ml/min/1.73m2 and 93 (3%) patients exhibited eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m2. The lowest-performing progressions of eGFR during the first year of ART were observed in patients with 40-49 yr. age range (- 8.3[- 11.7;-5.0] ml/min/1.73m2, p < 0.001), age ≥ 50 yr. (- 6.2[- 10.7;-1.8] ml/min/1.73m2, p = 0.006) and high blood pressure (HBP) (- 28.4[- 46.9;-9.9] ml/min/1.73m2, p = 0.003) at ART initiation. Regarding the ART exposure in patients with normal baseline eGFR, zidovudine (AZT) with protease inhibitor (PI) (- 4.7[- 7.7;-1.6] ml/min/1.73m2, p = 0.002), tenofovir (TDF) + PI (- 13.1[- 17.4;-8.7] ml/min/1.73m2, p < 0.001), TDF without PI (- 3.2[- 5.0;-1.4] ml/min/1.73m2, p < 0.001), stavudine (d4T) + PI (- 8.5[- 14.6-2.4] ml/min/1.73m2, p = 0.006) and d4T without PI (- 5.0[- 7.6-2.4] ml/min/1.73m2, p < 0.001) were associated with poorer eGFR progression. The prevalence of CKD was 0.5% and the incidence was 1.9 [1.3; 2.7] cases/1000 person-years. The risk of CKD was higher in patients with HBP (4.3[1.8;9.9], p = 0.001), 40-49 yr. patients (4.2[1.6;11.2], p = 0.004), ≥50 yr. patients (4.5[1.5;14.1], p = 0.009) and patients exposed to abacavir (ABC) or didanosine (ddI) based ART (13.1[4.0;42.9], p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS:Our findings do not confirm the high risk of CKD reported in previous studies of West Africans with HIV, but support the recommendations for early initiation of ART and close kidney function monitoring in patients with HBP or aged ≥40 yr
ESCAPE: Exploring by Simulation Cities Awareness on Population Evacuation
No full textInternational audiencePartial or total horizontal evacuation of populations in urban areas is an important protection measure against a natural or technological risk. However, casualties during massive displacement in a context of stress and in a potentially degraded environment may be high due to non-compliance with instructions, accidents, traffic jams, incivilities, lack of preparation of civil security or increased exposure to hazards. Working in evacuation plans is therefore fundamental in avoiding casualties caused by improvisation and in promoting self-evacuation whenever possible. Since it is impossible to recreate the conditions of a crisis on the ground to assess such evacuation plans, there is a need for realistic models in order to evaluate them using simulations. In this paper, we present the ESCAPE software framework that helps in the development of such plans and testing them. In particular, ESCAPE, which uses the GAMA open-source platform as a core component, provides an agent-based simulation tool that supports simulation of the evacuation of a city's population at fine temporal and geographical scales. The framework was developed such that it works for a wide range of scenarios, both in terms of hazards, geographical configurations, individual behaviors and crisis management. In order to show its adaptability, two applications are presented, one concerning the evacuation of the city of Rouen (France) in the context of a technological hazard and the other pertaining to the evacuation of the district of Hanoi (Vietnam) in the event of floods
Three Leptospira Strains From Western Indian Ocean Wildlife Show Highly Distinct Virulence Phenotypes Through Hamster Experimental Infection
No full textInternational audienceLeptospirosis is one of the most widespread zoonoses worldwide, with highest incidence reported on tropical islands. Recent investigations carried out in a One-Health framework have revealed a wide diversity of pathogenic Leptospira lineages on the different islands of Western Indian Ocean carried out by a large diversity of mammal reservoirs, including domestic and wild fauna. Using golden Syrian hamsters as a model of acute infection, we studied the virulence of Leptospira interrogans, L. mayottensis, and L. borgpetersenii isolates obtained from rats, tenrecs, and bats, respectively. Hamsters were inoculated with 2.10 8 bacterial cells and monitored for 1 month. The L. interrogans isolate proved to be the most pathogenic while L. mayottensis and L. borgpetersenii isolates induced no clinical symptoms in the infected hamsters. High leptospiral DNA amounts were also detected in the urine and organs of hamsters infected with the L. interrogans isolate while L. mayottensis and L. borgpetersenii isolates mostly failed to disseminate into the organism. In addition, histological damage was more pronounced in the kidneys and lungs of hamsters infected with the L. interrogans isolate. Altogether, these data support that Leptospira strains shed by mammals endemic to this insular ecosystem (L. mayottensis and L. borgpetersenii isolates) are less pathogenic than the L. interrogans rat-borne isolate. These results may provide a relevant framework for understanding the contrasting epidemiology of human leptospirosis observed among Western Indian Ocean islands
Geospatial information for African agriculture: A key investment for agricultural policies
No full textInternational audienceGeospatial information and its derived products, designed to contribute to public agricultural policy making, are not widely used in Africa. The infrastructure, training and skills are lacking, and research and development activities are dispersed and inadequate. More importantly, needs are not formalised and technological resources, driven by the industrialised countries, are ill-adapted to the characteristics of agricultural systems in Africa. Moreover, companies, institutions and projects require a stable environment to ensure operational services, relevant products and useful information. These co-constructed services emerge within long-term partnerships between researchers, consultancies and end users. Research thus offers new opportunities for using satellite imagery to document and explain agricultural transformation processes. Finally, lasting interdisciplinary skills networks are needed to facilitate methodological and thematic exchanges
Control of a Hyper-Redundant Robot for Quality Inspection in Additive Manufacturing for Construction
No full textInternational audienceAdditive manufacturing is an automated process for producing layer-by-layer material deposition. Recently this technology has been introduced in the industrial construction in order to print houses or smaller piece structures for on-site assembly, with complex geometry. In Additive manufacturing processes, the material deposition step is generally followed by a printing quality inspection step. However, the geometry of printed structures with minimal surfaces is sometimes complex, where rigid structure robots cannot reach certain zones to scan their surfaces. In this paper, a continuum-hyper-redundant manipulator equipped with a camera is attached to the end-effector of a mobile-manipulator robot for the quality inspection process. Indeed, Continuum manipulators can bend along structures with complex geometry; and this inherent flexibility makes them suitable for navigation and operation in congested environments. The number of controlled actuators being greater than the dimension of task space, this work is summarized in a trajectory tracking of hyper-redundant robots. This issue lies in the resolution of strongly nonlinear equations with a real-time computation. Thus, a hybrid methodology which combines the advantages of quantitative and qualitative approaches is used for modeling and resolution of the hyper-redundant robot kinematics. A kinematic controller was designed and a set of experiments was carried out to evaluate the level of efficiency of the proposed approach