Journal of Next-Generation Research 5.0
Not a member yet
7559 research outputs found
Sort by
La séduction : jeu d'apparence, signe autonymique et défi aux sens et au travail
No full textThe etymological meaning of the term "seduce" as an act of misappropriation of the right path is only a clue of a termination of the meaning of verbal or non-verbal semiotic. This index extension is just a paradox, because the attractive sign obliterates the meaning related to a purpose to trigger a course of evocations, freed of all constraints because autonomic. Therefore, from this point of view, we can conclude that seduction is a transgression to ban, a ban that assigns to any sign a utility function. We will illustrate this assumption by different ways.Le sens étymologique du terme « séduire » comme étant un acte de détournement du droit chemin n'est qu'un indice d'une résiliation du sens des sémiotiques verbales ou non verbales. Cette extension indicielle n'est pourtant qu'un paradoxe, car le signe séduisant ne fait qu'oblitérer le sens lié à un but pour déclencher un parcours d'évocations libéré de toutes contraintes parce qu'autonymique. Dès lors, de ce point de vue, nous pouvons conclure que la séduction est une transgression d'interdit, un interdit qui assigne à tout signe une fonction utilitaire. Nous illustrerons cette hypothèse de diverses manières
Influence of inoculum to substrate ratio on methane production in Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) tests of sugarcane distillery waste water
No full textInternational audienceThe activated sludges and the sugarcane distillery wastewater (vinasse) are two different types of liquid wastes generated throughout the domestic wastewater treatment and sugarcane molasses fermentation and distillation respectively. In Reunion Island, sludge is currently discarded in landfills. Regarding the vinasse, a part of the production is treated by anaerobic digestion process. However, the remaining part is diluted then discharged into the sea 900 m of the coast. In this study, the mesophilic biochemical methane potential (BMP) test, with different inoculum to substrate (I/S) ratios, are presented in this paper as well as the methane production and kinetic results. The BMP is modelled by both the first order linear regression and the modified Gompertz model. In a future study, we will propose an alternative solution in order to treat both wastes simultaneously while producing energy with the co-digestion of the vinasse and the activated sludges in semi-industrial scale
Fremde Nachbarn und ferne Tropen: Alteritätserfahrungen in Max Mezgers Madagaskar-Jugendroman und seiner französischen Übersetzung.
No full textInternational audienc
The orographic effect of Reunion Island on tropical cyclone track and intensity
No full textInternational audienceLike Taiwan, the orography of Reunion Island may impact tropical cyclone (TC) track and intensity. A Mann–Whitney test is applied on best‐track data from the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center (RSMC) La Reunion to demonstrate that this effect is detectable at less than 250 km from the island. A set of idealized experiments is carried out to investigate this effect with the French non‐hydrostatic mesoscale numerical model Meso‐NH at 12 and 4‐km horizontal grid spacing. Results show that the island influences TC track and intensity within two radii of maximum winds, defining a distance of influence. The impact is similar to an aspiration of the vortex by the island, accompanied by vortex weakening. An asymmetry is found between TCs passing north or south of the island and can be explained by the presence of the island in the flow
From spheres to ellipsoids: Speeding up considerably the morphological modeling of pore space and water retention in soils
No full textIn recent years, technological advances have stimulated researchers to try to unravel the extremely complex microscale processes that control the activity of microorganisms in soils. In particular, significant work has been carried out on the development of models able to accurately predict the microscale distribution of water, and the location of air–water interfaces in pores. A comparison, by Pot et al. (2015), of two different modeling approaches with actual synchrotron-based tomography data, shows that a two-phase lattice Boltzmann model (LBM) is able to predict remarkably well the location of air–water interfaces but is extremely slow, whereas a morphological model (MOSAIC), representing the pore space as a collection of spherical balls, provides a reasonable approximation of the observed air–water interfaces when each ball is allowed to drain independently, but does so blazingly fast. Interfaces predicted by MOSAIC, however, tend to have nonphysical shapes. In that general context, the key objective of the research described in the present article, based on the same tomography data as Pot et al. (2015), was to find out to what extent the use of ellipsoids instead of spherical balls in MOSAIC could not appreciably speed up computations, or at least, at equal computational time, provide a quantitatively better approximation of water-air interfaces. As far as we know, this is the first time an ellipsoids-based approximation of the soil pore space is proposed. A secondary objective was to assess whether ellipsoids might yield smoother, more physical, interfaces. Simulation results indicate that the use of ellipsoids provides a sizeable increase in accuracy in the prediction of air-water interfaces, an approximately 6-fold drop in computation time, and much more realistic-looking interfaces, compared to what is obtained with spherical balls. These observations are encouraging for the use of models based on geometric primitives to describe a range of microscale processes, and to address the still daunting issue of upscaling to the macroscopic scale
Les années Herzog, le sport, symbole politique de la « Grandeur nationale » (1958-1966)
No full textInternational audienc
Assessing arsenic redox state evolution in solution and solid phase during As(III) sorption onto chemically-treated sewage sludge digestate biochars
No full textInternational audienceThis work aimed to determine arsenic redox state distribution during As(III) sorption onto chemically-modified biochars. A solid-liquid extraction protocol using phosphoric (0.3 M) and ascorbic (0.5 M) acids at 80 °C for 20 min was established to ensure a quantitative recovery and stability of As(III) during the extraction. During sorption experiments, the redox conversions of As occurred and As(III) was either stable or partially oxidized in solution. The As distribution strongly varies depending on the biochar chemical treatment performed as well as the selected washing procedures (batch versus column washings). As(III) oxidation was favored with the KOH-modified biochar washed in batch mode. This oxidation was mostly induced by the biochar solid compounds rather than by solublecompounds released in solution. The As redox state distribution of As sorbed onto the biochars was successfully assessed using the extraction procedure. Arsenic was predominantly sorbed as As(III) (76–92%) onto the biochar
Evaluation of microplastic ingestion by tropical fish from Moorea Island, French Polynesia
No full textInternational audienceMicroplastics are ubiquitous throughout the oceans, yet few studies have documented their occurrence in marineorganisms associated with coral reefs. Four genera of adult fish were sampled (Myripristis spp., Siganus spp.,Epinephelus merra and Cheilopogon simus) from different trophic guilds around the tropical island of Moorea,French Polynesia. Digestive tracts from 133 adult fish were surveyed and microplastics were found in 28 tracts(21%). Abundance of ingested microplastic pieces per individual fish varied from 1 to 3 pieces, with an averageof 1.25 ± 0.13 ingested microplastic pieces. Microplastics size ranged from 0.031 to 2.44 mm and 70% ofmicroplastics did not exceed 0.3 mm in size. Overall, this study shows that the number and size of microplasticingested per trophic groups are independent of trophic guild. Additional studies are needed to sample in othertropical regions in order to have a better assessment of microplastic occurrence in coral ree
Predation drives recurrent convergence of an interspecies mutualism
No full textInternational audienceMutualisms are important ecological interactions that underpin much of the world’s biodiversity.Predation risk has been shown to regulate mutualism dynamics in species-specific case studies;however, we lack studies which investigate whether predation can also explain broader patterns ofmutualism evolution. We report that fish-anemone mutualisms have evolved on at least 55 occa-sions across 16 fish families over the past 60 million years and that adult body size is associatedwith the ontogenetic stage of anemone mutualisms: larger-bodied species partner with anemonesas juveniles, while smaller-bodied species partner with anemones throughout their lives. Field andlaboratory studies show that predators target smaller prey, that smaller fishes associate more withanemones, and that these relationships confer protection to small fishes. Our results indicate thatpredation is likely driving the recurrent convergent evolution of fish-anemone mutualisms andsuggest that similar ecological processes may have selected convergence in interspecies interactionsin other animal clades
Mortality in the first six months among HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients empirically treated for tuberculosis
No full textInternational audienceBACKGROUND:Empirical treatment of tuberculosis (TB) may be necessary in patients with negative or no Xpert MTB/RIF results. In a context with access to Xpert, we assessed mortality in the 6 months after the initial TB consultation among HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients who received empirical TB treatment or TB treatment based on bacteriological confirmation and we compared it with the mortality among those who did not receive TB treatment.METHODS:This prospective cohort study included consecutively adult patients with signs and symptoms of TB attending an outpatient TB clinic in Western Kenya. At the first consultation, patients received a clinical exam and chest X-ray. Sputum was collected for microscopy, Xpert and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTB) culture. Patients not started on TB treatment were reassessed after 5 days. All patients bacteriologically confirmed (positive Xpert or culture) received TB treatment. Empirical treatment was defined as a decision to start TB treatment without bacteriological confirmation. Patients were reassessed after 6 months.RESULTS:Of 606 patients included, 344/606 (56.8%) were women. Median age was 35 years [Interquartile Range (IQR):27-47] and 398/594 (67.0%) were HIV-positive. In total, 196/606 (32.3%) patients were Xpert- or culture-positive and 331/606 (54.6%) started TB treatment. Overall, 100/398 (25.1%) HIV-positive and 31/196 (15.8%) HIV-negative patients received empirical treatment. Mortality in the 6 months following the first consultation was 1.6 and 0.8/100 patient-months among HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients respectively. In the multivariate analyses, TB treatment - whether empirical or based on bacteriological confirmation- was not associated with increased mortality among HIV-positive patients (aHR:2.51, 95%CI:0.79-7.90 and aHR:1.25, 95%CI:0.37-4.21 respectively). However, HIV-negative patients who received empirical treatment had a higher risk of mortality (aHR:4.85, 95%CI:1.08-21.67) compared to those not started on treatment. HIV-negative patients treated for TB based on bacteriological confirmation did not have a different risk of mortality (aHR:0.77, 95%CI:0.08-7.41).CONCLUSIONS:Our findings suggest that in a context with access to Xpert, clinicians should continue using empirical TB treatment in HIV-positive patients with signs and symptoms of TB and negative Xpert results. However, differential diagnoses other than TB should be actively sought before initiating empirical TB treatment, particularly in HIV-negative patients