Journal of Next-Generation Research 5.0
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Multiple Choices imply the Ingleton and Krein-Milman axioms
No full textIn set theory without the Axiom of Choice, we consider Ingleton's axiom which is the counterpart in ultrametric analysis of the Hahn-Banach axiom. We show that in , set theory without the Axiom of Choice weakened to allow "atoms", Ingleton's axiom does not imply the Axiom of Choice (this solves in a question raised by van Rooij (1992). We also prove that in , the "multiple Choice" axiom implies the Krein-Milman axiom. We deduce that, in , the conjunction of the Hahn-Banach, Ingleton and Krein-Milman axioms does not imply the Axiom of Choice
The effect of ambient-light conditions on quantitative pupillometry: a history of rubber cup
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ÉCONOMIE NUMÉRIQUE ET CROISSANCE ÉCONOMIQUE AU CAMEROUN
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to bring a new vision to understand the digital economy as a lever of economic growth. As compared to ordinary economy, digital economy is the "manna" that some countries need, to emerge from poverty. To rip our objectives, we developed we went through research proposals and a theoretical review, to conduct an empirical study on IT firms. Having analyzed our data, the main findings depict a substantial impact of ICT on indicators such as productivity and employment. However, for the success of ICT businesses, the mobilization of financial, logistical, socio-economic and even educational resources is necessary. As a result, for development to follow, the public authority should set up strategies to accompany ICT start-uppers so that they could improve their prints in the economic activity without forgetting the stakes, challenges and setbacks such a business activity entails.L’objectif de cette communication est d’apporter une nouvelle vision permettant d’appréhender l’économie numérique en tant que levier de croissance économique. Concept désormais très en vogue, cette économie comparée à l’économie ordinaire, est la « manne » dont ont besoin certains pays pour sortir de la pauvreté. Notre démarche a consisté à émettre des propositions de recherche inspirées d’une revue théorique. Ensuite, nous avons collecté des données auprès de quatre entreprises des TIC. Au terme des analyses, il ressort un impact substantiel des TIC sur des indicateurs tels que la productivité et le taux d’emploi. Toutefois, pour la réussite d’une telle entreprise, la mobilisation des moyens financiers, logistiques, socio-économiques et même éducatifs s’avère nécessaire. Aussi, pour que le développement suive, l’autorité publique devrait mettre sur pied des mesures pour accompagner, ce phénomène tant rentable que mélioratif dans l’activité économique sans oublier les enjeux, défis et revers qu’il comporte
Ontology Design Rules Based On Comparability Via Particular Relations
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Observation et modélisation de la Formation de Nouvelles Particules (FNP) au sein du panache volcanique du Piton de la Fournaise
No full textVolcanic activity can be a natural source of air pollution. This pollution can lead to a deterioration in air quality, affect human health and disrupt aviation safety. The Piton de la Fournaise in Reunion Island is one of the most active basaltic volcanoes in the world. Its sporadic eruptions generate volcanic plumes consisting mainly of gases and nanoparticles that spread in the atmosphere. During the day, a part of the sulphur dioxide can be oxidized to sulphuric acid thanks to oxidants production (photolysis). H2SO4molecules tend to react with atmospheric water molecules and form clusters via homogeneous binary nucleation. Then, these clusters grow by condensation and/or coagulation processes leading to the formation of a submicronic volcanic aerosol. This thesis aims to observe, understand and model the New Particle Formation (NPF) processes within volcanic plumes. Consequently, it is organized in two parts. The first is based on the data gathered during the multidisciplinary STRAP campaign conducted at both the Maïdo Observatory and Piton de la Fournaise volcano in 2015. It presents the results from a dual analysis of the NPF events frequency and intensity at the observatory. While the first analysis focuses on processes in the absence of the volcanic plume, the second highlights the specificities of the NPF related to the presence of the plume at Maïdo. The second part focuses on 0D then 3D NPF processes modelling within volcanic plumes via the Meso-NH atmospheric model.L'activité volcanique peut représenter une source naturelle de pollution atmosphérique. Cette pollution peut engendrer une dégradation de la qualité de l'air, affecter la santé humaine et perturber la sécurité aérienne. Le Piton de la Fournaise à La Réunion est l'un des volcans basaltique les plus actifs au monde. Ses éruptions sporadiques génèrent des panaches volcaniques essentiellement constitués de gaz et de nanoparticules qui se propagent dans l'atmosphère. En journée, la formation d'oxydants (photolyse) permet d'oxyder une partie du dioxyde de soufre en acide sulfurique. Les molécules d'H2SO4 peuvent réagir avec les molécules d'eau atmosphérique pour former des embryons via la nucléation binaire homogène. Puis, ces embryons grossissent grâce aux processus de condensation et/ou coagulation conduisant alors à la formation d'un aérosol volcanique submicronique. Cette thèse vise à observer, comprendre et modéliser les processus de Formation de Nouvelles Particules (FNP) au sein des panaches volcaniques. De ce fait, elle s'organise en deux parties. La première se base sur les données recueillies lors de la campagne multidisciplinaire STRAP menée à l’observatoire du Maïdo et au Piton de la Fournaise en 2015. Elle expose les résultats issus d’une double analyse de la fréquence et de l’intensité des événements de FNP à l’observatoire. Tandis que la première analyse s’intéresse aux processus en l’absence du panache volcanique, la seconde met en exergue les spécificités de la FNP liées à sa présence au Maïdo. La seconde partie s'axe autour de la modélisation d'abord 0D puis 3D des processus de FNP au sein des panaches volcaniques via le modèle atmosphérique Méso-NH
L’isolement chez les Réunionnais de plus de 65 ans en 2017 : déterminants socio-économiques et de santé
No full textSocial isolation is related to higher mortality and morbidity rates. At la Réunion, due to the modernization of family structures, elderly people increasingly age alone. This study wishes to determine the number of socially isolated elderly people at la Réunion as well as their socio-economic status and state of health.In the « Gramoune care » study, patients aged 65 or more and living at la Réunion answered a survey concerning their health and socio-economic status. Socially isolated patients, that is to say patients who meet their family or friends and participate in group activities less than once a month, were compared to non-isolated patients. Among the 875 elderly people that were surveyed, 9% were socially isolated. In terms of socio economic status, the isolated patients were single (p=0.007). Incomes, instruction levels and places of residence did not differ between the two groups. In terms of health status, social isolation is associated with depression (p=0.004) and the risk of falling (p=0.035). Isolated patients were respectively 2.27 (IC 95% 1.41-3.63) and 1.69 (IC 95% 1.00-2.85) more numerous among elderly people needing partial help and those who claim they are autonomous yet cannot leave there homes. Compared to the mainland and other western countries, at la Réunion elderly people are better protected from social isolation. However, the study reveals acute feelings of loneliness and dissatisfaction in the isolated population, which can both lead to graver health issues. Actions should target elderly people who only need partial help and are autonomous but cannot leave their homes.L’isolement augmente le risque de morbi-mortalité. A la Réunion, la modernisation des modèles familiaux laisse de nombreuses personnes vieillir seules. Cette étude cherche à dénombrer les Réunionnais de plus de 65 ans isolés puis à déterminer les caractéristiques socio-économiques et l’état de santé de cette population.Pour l’étude « Gramoune Care », des patients âgés de plus de 65 ans vivant à la Réunion ont répondu à une enquête sociale et de santé. Les personnes isolées, c’est-à-dire qui rencontrent leur entourage et participent à une activité de groupe moins d’une fois par mois, ont été comparées à la population « non-isolée ». Parmi les 875 séniors interrogés, 9% sont en situation d’isolement. Au niveau socio-économique, ils sont célibataires (p=0,007) mais ne divergent pas de la population « non-isolée » en termes de revenus, lieux d’habitation ou niveaux d’étude. Au niveau de la santé, l'isolement est associé au risque de dépression (p=0.004) et au risque de chute (p=0.035). Le statut « isolés » est respectivement 2.27 (IC 95% 1.41-3.63) et 1.69 (IC 95% 1.00-2.85) fois plus élevé chez les seniors qui nécessitent une aide partielle et qui déclarent être autonomes chez eux mais ne pas sortir. Comparativement à la métropole, les seniors sont pour l’instant mieux protégées de l’isolement à la Réunion. En revanche, on met en avant un fort sentiment de solitude et d’insatisfaction dans la population isolée ce qui peut avoir plus d’impact sur la santé que l’isolement seul. Les actions doivent cibler les seniors qui nécessitent une aide partielle et qui ne peuvent sortir de leur domicile
Staging and normal table of postembryonic development of the clownfish ( Amphiprion ocellaris )
No full textInternational audienceBackground: The clownfish Amphiprion ocellaris is one of the rare coral reef fish species that can be reared in aquaria. With relatively short embryonic and larval development, it could be used as a model species to study the impact of global changes such as temperature rise or anthropogenic threats (eg, pollution) on the postembryonic development at molecular and endocrinological levels. Establishing a developmental table allows us to standardize sampling for the scientific community willing to conduct experiments on this species on different areas: ecology, evolution, and developmental biology.Results: Here, we describe the postembryonic developmental stages for the clownfish A. ocellaris from hatching to juvenile stages (30 days posthatching). We quantitatively followed the postembryonic growth and described qualitative traits: head, paired and unpaired fins, notochord flexion, and pigmentation changes. The occurrence of these changes over time allowed us to define seven stages, for which we provide precise descriptions.Conclusions: Our work gives an easy system to determine A. ocellaris postembryonic stages allowing, thus, to develop this species as a model species for coral reef fishes. In light of global warming, the access to the full postembryonic development stages of coral reef fish is important to determine stressors that can affect such processes
“Les Noirs ne craindraient pas les piqûres de moustiques… mais ils en meurent !”. Une lecture postcoloniale des iniquités de traitement entre différents territoires ultramarins et la France Hexagonale
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A water cycle for the Anthropocene
No full text[Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [ADD1_IRSTEA]Systèmes aquatiques soumis à des pressions multiplesInternational audienceHumor us for a minute and do an online image search of the water cycle. How many diagrams do you have to scroll through before seeing any sign of humans? What about water pollution or climate change—two of the main drivers of the global water crisis? In a recent analysis of more than 450 water cycle diagrams, we found that 85% showed no human interaction with the water cycle and 98% omitted any sign of climate change or waterpollution (Abbott et al., 2019). Additionally, 92% of diagrams depicted verdant, temperate ecosystems with abundant freshwater and 95% showed only a single river basin. It did not matter if the diagrams came from textbooks, scientific articles, or the internet, nor if they were old or new; most showed an undisturbed water cycle, free from human interference. These depictions contrast starkly with the state of the water cycle in the Anthropocene, when land conversion, human water use, and climate change affect nearly every water pool and flux (Wurtsbaugh et al., 2017; Falkenmark et al., 2019; Wine and Davison, 2019). The dimensions and scale of human interference with water are manifest in failing fossil aquifersin the world’s great agricultural regions (Famiglietti, 2014), accelerating ice discharge from the Arctic (Box et al., 2018), and instability in atmospheric rivers that support continental rainfall (Paul et al., 2016).We believe that incorrect water cycle diagrams are a symptom of a much deeper and widespread problem about how humanity relates to water on Earth. Society does not understand how the water cycle works nor how humans fit into it (Attari, 2014; Linton, 2014; Abbott et al., 2019). In response to this crisis of understanding, we call on researchers, educators, journalists, lawyers, and policy makers to change how we conceptualize and present the global water cycle. Specifically, we must teach where water comes from, what determines its availability, and how many individuals and ecosystems are in crisis because of water mismanagement, climate change, and land conversion. Because the drivers of the global water crisis are truly global, ensuring adequate water for humans and ecosystems will require coordinated efforts that extend beyond geopolitical borders and outlast the tenure of individual administrations (Keys et al., 2017; Adler, 2019). This level of coordination and holistic thinking requires widespread understanding of the water cycle and the global water crisis. Making the causes and consequences of the water crisis visible in our diagrams is atractable and important step towards the goal of a sustainable relationship with water that includes ecosystems and society
Natural history, dynamics, and ecology of human papillomaviruses in genital infections of young women: protocol of the PAPCLEAR cohort study
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are responsible for one-third of all cancers caused by infections. Most HPV studies focus on chronic infections and cancers, and we know little about the early stages of the infection. Our main objective is to better understand the course and natural history of cervical HPV infections in healthy, unvaccinated and vaccinated, young women, by characterising the dynamics of various infection-related populations (virus, epithelial cells, vaginal microbiota and immune effectors). Another objective is to analyse HPV diversity within hosts, and in the study population, in relation to co-factors (lifestyle characteristics, vaccination status, vaginal microbiota, human genetics).Methods and analysis: The PAPCLEAR study is a single center longitudinal study following 150 women, aged 18-25 years, for up to 2 years. Visits occur every 2 or 4 months (depending on HPV status) during which several variables are measured, such as behaviours (via questionnaires), vaginal pH, HPV presence and viral load (via qPCR), local concentrations of cytokines (via MesoScale Discovery technology) and immune cells (via flow cytometry). Additional analyses are outsourced, such as titration of circulating anti-HPV antibodies, vaginal microbiota sequencing (16S and ITS1 loci) and human genotyping. To increase the statistical power of the epidemiological arm of the study, an additional 150 women are screened cross-sectionally. Finally, to maximise the resolution of the time series, participants are asked to perform weekly self-samples at home. Statistical analyses will involve classical tools in epidemiology, genomics and virus kinetics, and will be performed or coordinated by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) in Montpellier.Ethics and dissemination: This study has been approved by the Comité de Protection des Personnes Sud Méditerranée I (reference number 2016-A00712-49); by the Comité Consultatif sur le Traitement de l'Information en matière de Recherche dans le domaine de la Santé (reference number 16.504); by the Commission Nationale Informatique et Libertés (reference number MMS/ABD/AR1612278, decision number DR-2016-488) and by the Agence Nationale de Sécurité du Médicament et des Produits de Santé (reference 20160072000007). Results will be published in preprint servers, peer-reviewed journals and disseminated through conferences