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Enhancement of VCSEL Performances Using Localized Copper Bonding Through Silicon Vias
No full textInternational audienceWe report on a new cost effective, with a low temperature budget and simple bonding process on silicon, presenting efficient heat spreading and great potentialities in integration. This process is based on a thick electro-plated copper bonding layer through silicon vias and is expected to reduce significantly the bonded device internal temperature. We apply this process to realize 1.55-μm emitting vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. We demonstrate continuous wave operation from room temperature up to 55 °C, an internal temperature reduction of 13 °C, and we estimate a decrease of 30% of the overall device thermal impedance
Round-off Error Analysis of Explicit One-Step Numerical Integration Methods
No full textInternational audienceOrdinary differential equations are ubiquitous in scientific computing. Solving exactly these equations is usually not possible, except for special cases, hence the use of numerical schemes to get a discretized solution. We are interested in such numerical integration methods, for instance Euler's method or the Runge-Kutta methods. As they are implemented using floating-point arithmetic, round-off errors occur. In order to guarantee their accuracy, we aim at providing bounds on the round-off errors of explicit one-step numerical integration methods. Our methodology is to apply a fine-grained analysis to these numerical algorithms. Our originality is that our floating-point analysis takes advantage of the linear stability of the scheme, a mathematical property that vouches the scheme is well-behaved
The Effect of Electrical stress under temperature in the characteristics of PV Solar Modules
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ModelWriter: Text and Model-Synchronized Document Engineering Platform
No full textInternational audienceThe ModelWriter platform provides a generic framework for automated traceability analysis. In this paper, we demonstrate how this framework can be used to trace the consistency and completeness of technical documents that consist of a set of System Installation Design Principles used by Airbus to ensure the correctness of aircraft system installation. We show in particular, how the platform allows the integration of two types of reasoning: reasoning about the meaning of text using semantic parsing and description logic theorem proving; and reasoning about document structure using first-order relational logic and finite model finding for traceability analysis
Two novel diterpenes from the roots of Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeel
No full textInternational audienceTwo novel diterpenes, phyllanes A and B, were isolated from the roots of Phyllanthus acidus, along with the cleistanthane diterpene, spruceanol. Their chemical structures were unambiguously elucidated by extensive 1D and 2D NMR analyses and high resolution mass spectroscopic data, as well as by comparison with literature data. While phyllanes A and B are respectively reminiscent of amphilectane and serrulatane diterpenoids, their highly unusual substitution patterns and their co-occurrence with spruceanol led us to assume that they might correspond to an unprecedented type of re-arranged cleistanthane-diterpenoid precursors, resulting in final products that display a unique scaffold among terrestrial diterpenoids. Accordingly, a possible biosynthetic route to the two new compounds from the readily accessible spruceanol is proposed herein. These two compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against two cancer cell lines. Only phyllane B exerted a moderate activity against K562 and HepG2 cell line with IC50 values of 28.90 and 45.23 μg/mL, respectively. © 201
Mapping Natural Language to Description Logic
No full textInternational audienceWhile much work on automated ontology enrichment has focused on mining text for concepts and relations, little attention has been paid to the task of enriching ontologies with complex axioms. In this paper, we focus on a form of text that is frequent in industry, namely system installation design principle (SIDP) and we present a framework which can be used both to map SIDPs to OWL DL axioms and to assess the quality of these automatically derived axioms. We present experimental results on a set of 960 SIDPs provided by Airbus which demonstrate (i) that the approach is robust (97.50% of the SIDPs can be parsed) and (ii) that DL axioms assigned to full parses are very likely to be correct in 96% of the cases
Direct and indirect waves interaction in dynamic gratings and photorefractive waveguides
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Advances in silicon surface texturization by metal assisted chemical etching for photovoltaic applications
No full textInternational audience— New Si processes based on Metal Assisted Chemical Etching (MACE) are explored for solar cells texturization. Pt and Au are considered as catalysts for MACE of p and n-type Si substrates. 2D band bending modeling at the nanoscale shows that Pt nanoparticles (NPs) make ohmic contacts and induce delocalized etching. Accordingly, cone-shaped macropores, very efficient in reducing the reflectivity (<5%) are obtained experimentally. On the contrary, Au with n-type Si leads to non-ohmic contacts and localized etching. On this basis, a novel strategy for 3D pattern transfer into Si with patterned nanoporous gold electrodes in a single step is developed
Expression analytique du spectre pour les signaux multiporteuses :Impact conjoint des non-linéarités de l’amplificateur de puissance etde la fonction de prédistorsion
No full textInternational audienceDans cet article, nous proposons de calculer l’expression analytique de la densité spectrale de puissance du signal multiporteuse àla sortie d’un amplificateur de puissnance (AP) en considérant qu’une technique de prédistorsion est activée. En fait, cette expression analytiqueest très utile pour déterminer la configuration optimale de l’AP et la technique de prédistorsion qui permet d’obtenir l’efficacité énergétiquemaximale tout en satisfaisant les exigences de linéarité