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Analysis of Tourism Behavior of International Tourists in Northern Europe
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to understand the behavioral patterns and preferences of foreign tourists in four Scandi-navian countries that have rich natural environments and are popular for tourism based on the harmony between natural scenery and cityscapes. There are differences in tourists’ travel duration, length of stay, travel costs, and choice of accom-modations. As the results of this survey indicate, the distance from the country of residence to the destination and the age of the tourists have a great deal to do with this, and of course, differences in economic conditions and vacation systems in different countries will also have a great impact on tourists’ behavior. In this regard, it is necessary to understand the behavior patterns of tourists by type and consider appropriate measures for future inbound strategies in Japan. On the other hand, the four Scandinavian countries are tourist areas with both natural and humanistic features, but some of them are not suited to Japan's national conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to search for a way to meet the future national con-ditions of Japan with reference to the Nordic countries. The global pandemic of the new coronavirus infection has long interrupted exchanges involving cross-border travel. However, as of 2022, tourism demand has been steadily recovering due to the spread of vaccination and the drastic relaxation of travel restrictions, in addition to the recovery of many tour-ism industries, especially in Europe and the United States. In the future, international tourism may normalize and conven-tional tourism patterns may change significantly. Therefore, it will be necessary to continue to monitor the trends of inter-national tourists and consider tourism strategies for the after-corona era.departmental bulletin pape
Middle to Late Pleistocene Geology and Paleoenvironment Based on Drilling Cores inthe Musashino Upland, Tokyo, Japan: Chiefly on the Index Cores
Get PDFMiddle to late Pleistocene formations were investigated in the Musashino upland areas, Tokyo, based on geological, topographical sequences (new subdivision), and the paleoenvironmental aspects. Three new major drilling cores and in addition a great number of pre-existing drilling core data in the Musashino Upland areas were used. Several tephra layers obtained from the cores, including previously reported tephra layers, were correlated to known major wide-spread tephra layers using petrographic properties and major element chemical analyses of glass shards; for example, Ata-Th (MIS7), TCu-1(Tm-2) (MIS7), Tky-Ng1 (MIS9), Yb5(GoP1) (MIS9), So-OT (MIS9), and probably TE-5a (MIS11). Luminescence dating in this study, yielded almost concordant results to the stratigraphic positions by tephra layers. Foraminifer and dia-tom analyses gave sedimentary environments of each core. These results show that 4 cycles, probably 5 cycles of trans-gressions and deposits are distributed in Tokyo; MIS1, MIS5.5, MIS7, MIS9 and probably MIS11,departmental bulletin pape
Formation of Proton Concentration Gradient Across Liposome Membrane Using Carbon Dioxide Gas
Get PDFCarbon dioxide readily passes through the membrane of liposomes, and some of the carbon dioxide that passes through it reacts with water to produce carbonic acid, which is a weak acid. Therefore, if the concentration of buffer in liposomes is significantly lower than that in the external solution, it is expected that the supply of CO2 gas to such lipo-some suspension preferentially lowers the pH in liposomes, forming a proton concentration gradient (ΔpH) across lipo-some membranes. This study showed that 1) large unilamellar vesicles containing 2 mM HEPES suspended in a buffer containing 100 mM HEPES (pH 8.0) can form ΔpH 1.6 with CO2 gas, 2) ΔpH formed decreases gradually along with the CO2-induced acidification of external solution of liposomes, and 3) the increase of pH in the liposomes due to the release of protons from liposomes is suppressed by supplying CO2 gas to the liposome suspension.departmental bulletin pape
An Investigation of the Earliest Japanese Immigrants and Visitors in Texas
Get PDFThis study offers a descriptive account of the earliest Japanese immigrants and visitors in Texas during the period between the latter part of the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century. This paper gives an overview of the early Japanese settlers and visitors by region, including Dallas, Houston, Galveston, San Antonio, the Rio Grande Valley, El Paso, and Austin. Further to a close examination of the published references, data includes fieldwork and interviews conducted by the author, and information obtained from the University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) Institute of Texan Cultures and UTSA Special Collections. The findings bring to light new information on the entrepreneurial Dyo family who lived in El Paso in the early 20th century. The author introduces the earliest Japanese immigrant to Austin, second-generation Alan Yamato Taniguchi, who moved from the Rio Grande Valley in 1959 to start his career at the University of Texas, followed by second-generation Kaoru Dyo who became the first Japanese physician in Austin. The findings provide insights into the life experiences and socioeconomic attainments of Japanese immigrants to the United States. Future research supports the need to document the under-represented trajectory of Japanese Texans who now include fourth-generation Yonsei to preserve and provide a better understanding of the social changes recorded and experienced up to the present day.departmental bulletin pape
