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山﨑直方の東京への移住と高知の生家
No full text日本地理学会創設者のひとりで初代会長となった日本近代地理学の祖，山﨑直方は幼少期に高知から東京へ移住しているが，高知の生家の詳しい場所については知られていない。本稿は，山﨑家に関する公的・私的史料や直方の生家に関する記述，生家周辺の地籍図，さらに直方自身が高知に帰省した際に描いた生家のスケッチ画を分析することで，直方が東京に移住した時期とその背景を明らかにすると同時に，直方の生家（旧宅）の場所の特定を試みたものである。調査の結果は，以下のように要約される。
直方が東京に移住したのは，1874（明治7）年，彼が満3歳（数え年5歳）の時であった。それは，父潔水が1870（明治3）年に高知を離れ，司法省官吏として勤めていたことと関係している。明治初期，山﨑家の本籍地が現在の高知市赤石町のどこであったかについては，明らかにならなかった。1938（昭和13）年に高知を訪れた田中啓爾は，直方の生家を特定したとしているが，法務局の地籍図や1891（明治24）年に直方が描いたスケッチ画を詳細に検討すると，その場所は旧士族邸としては間口が狭く，敷地の向きや遠景の山の見え方が異なるなど疑問が残る。スケッチ画に描かれた前面小路と水路，遠景の山の見え方などから推定すると，赤石町54番地付近が直方の生家の場所ではないかと思われるが，正確な場所の特定には至っていない。Yamasaki Naomasa, the father of modern Japanese geography and one of the founders of the Association of Japanese Geographers and its first president, moved from Kochi to Tokyo during his childhood; however, the exact location of his birthplace in Kochi is unknown. By analyzing public and private documents related to the Yamasaki family, descriptions of his old house, cadastral maps of the area, and a sketch of his former home he painted when he returned to Kochi, this study seeks to clarify the time and background of Naomasa’s move to Tokyo, as well as identify the location of his birthplace. The results of this investigation are summarized as follows:
Naomasa moved to Tokyo in 1874, when he was three years old. This is related to the fact that his father, Kiyomi, left Kochi in 1870 and worked as an official in the Ministry of Justice. Where the Yamasaki family’s permanent domicile was in Akaishi, Kochi, in the early Meiji period is not clear. Tanaka Keiji, who visited Kochi in 1938, claimed to have identified Naomasa’s birthplace. However, a detailed examination of the cadastral map from the Legal Affairs Bureau and a sketch painted by Naomasa in 1891 reveals that his description is questionable, because the place was too small for a former samurai residence, and the site and the mountain in the distance are seen in different directions from the sketch. Based on the description of the alley and waterway in front of the site and the mountain in the sketch, the area around Akaishi-cho 54 seems likely to be Naomasa’s birthplace.departmental bulletin pape
山﨑直方が描いた「ふるさと」高知のスケッチ画
No full text日本地理学会創設者のひとりで初代会長となった日本近代地理学の祖，山﨑直方は，1891年，第三高等中学校の冬休みに故郷高知に帰省した際に，34点の風景スケッチ画を描いている。本稿は，山﨑家に残されているこのスケッチ画をテキストとして，現地調査と関係づけながら分析することで，帰省した直方の高知での行動と故郷への眼差しや想いの一端を考察したものである。調査の結果は，以下のように要約される。
直方のスケッチ画からは，この旅が直方にとって念願の「ふるさと」高知への帰省旅行であり，「ふるさと」高知の風景と自身の旅の記録にとどまらず，幼い頃の記憶の追体験，あるいは先祖を敬う思いといった故郷への郷愁と畏敬の眼差しを垣間見ることができる。また，この帰省の大きな目的の一つに赤石の旧宅（生家）を訪ねることもあった。このスケッチ画を描いたのは直方21歳の時で，地理学者を志す前であるが，この時既に風景を写真のように写実的にスケッチする技術を会得しており，フィルムカメラのない時代にスケッチして記録することが野外調査では重要であるという認識を持っていたと考えられる。Yamasaki Naomasa, the father of modern Japanese geography and one of the founders of the Association of Japanese Geographers and its first president, created 34 landscape paintings during his winter vacation in 1891 at the Third High School when he returned to his hometown in Kochi Prefecture. By analyzing these sketches, which were left in the Yamasaki family home, in relation to field survey, this study examines some of Naomasa’s behaviors in Kochi and his perspectives and feelings about his hometown. The results of the research are summarized as follows:
From Naomasa’s sketches, we can see that this trip was a long-awaited return trip to his “hometown” Kochi, and that the paintings are not just a record of the scenery of his hometown and his own journey, but they suggest his nostalgia and reverence for his hometown, such as reliving childhood memories or respecting his ancestors. Another major purpose of the return trip was to visit his old house (birthplace) in Akaishi. Naomasa created this sketchbook when he was 21 years old, before he decided to become a geographer. However, he had already acquired the skill of sketching landscapes as realistically as photographs, and he is thought to have recognized the importance of sketching and recording landscapes in field research in an era before film cameras.departmental bulletin pape
