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“We’ll always go back for more”? Probation, precariousness, and professional identity
No full textOver the last few decades, the environment in which the Probation Service in England and Wales operates has become both more punitive and managerial, dominated by the logic of risk. A challenge to the tenets on which probation’s professional project was founded, such as its (social work) knowledge base and autonomy to work with individuals under supervision, has accompanied this changed landscape. Indeed, probation’s relative powerlessness to mobilise against governmental impositions has resulted in four top-down organisational restructurings since the turn of the millennium. This paper, therefore, considers the impact of such change on professional identity in probation. Against the backdrop of the most recent organisational reform–the “unification” of services, in June 2021 which brought to an end a failed seven-year experiment in part-privatisation–it explores how punitive, managerial, and marketising reforms have contributed to a crisis of identity that has been decades in the making. The paper argues that, while an appeal to an ideology of service centred on helping clients remains significant among staff, the nature and extent of the challenges probation faces has rendered professional identity more precarious
Measuring and monitoring the quality of dying in the United Nations ‘Decade of healthy ageing’
No full textThe World Health Organisation aims to identify metrics to monitor the quality of dying, complementing those proposed for the United Nations’ Decade of Healthy Ageing. Currently proposed criteria for a ‘good death’ are contentious. Needs and priorities vary between individuals and their supporters, across conditions, over time, communities and cultures. Monitoring must take account of sudden or rapid deaths, and assisted dying. Fundamental data collection challenges include who reports, over what timeframe and when. This commentary explores these issues, identifying potentially measurable indicators, ambiguities in their use, and makes recommendations that can form the basis of a practical measurement framework. The aim will be to define a small, meaningful and pragmatic set of indicators that can be collected universally across countries and over time. We define a logic model of candidate variables at different conceptual levels and describe an empirical exercise to start to prioritise and operationalised variables for measurement
THE OTHER DEMOSTHENES. ON POSSIBLE FORMS OF PHILIATION BETWEEN ECOLOGY AND PHILOLOGY
No full textBeginning with the oratorial askesis of Demosthenes and its use of nature as a tool for the amplitude and clarity of the human voice as a ‘Vexierbild’, this article suggests that the appropriation of philology to serve a particular end (rather than being an end in itself) risks repeating the very injustice that ecocritical discourses are trying to correct due to the way they restrict the potential of what texts can tell us. To bring out ecological aspects of philology, this article pursues a notion of language that understands it to be intrinsically linked with the opening up of the potential for affiliations, as found in Aristotle, August Boeckh, and Werner Hamacher. This article emphasises language's potential for kinships rather than its ability to make decisions and judgements about the right form for our relationship with the world. It also makes a plea for a philology that is not focused on extracting immediately usable meanings from its interpretations. Instead, philology should open itself up towards linguistic ‘wildness’. By doing so, it can provide us with a model for an ethics of co-responsibility that seeks to bring about open and inclusive forms of resonance across times, places and species
From theory to practice: insights into intervention development of the NON-STOP app for children with Perthes’ disease
No full textThe development of interventions in healthcare often lacks a robust theoretical basis, which may contribute to suboptimal engagement and effectiveness. This paper provides insights into and practical guidance on the development of complex interventions in healthcare, using the example of a digital self-management tool for children with Perthes’ disease, called the Non-Surgical Treatment of Perthes’ (NON-STOP) app. We applied the Medical Research Council framework, used psychological theory, and integrated stakeholder engagement to develop the intervention. The lessons learned and considerations for the developments of other complex interventions provide practical actions for clinicians and researchers in orthopaedics
Programmable 2D metal‐organic framework nanosheets for enzyme‐like hydrolysis of large proteins (Adv. Funct. Mater. 22/2025)
No full textMetal-Organic Framework Nanosheets
In article number 2504117, Jonathan A. Foster, Tatjana N. Parac-Vogt, and co-workers develop metal–organic framework nanosheets with large surface areas as a new class of heterogeneous nanozymes for peptide bond hydrolysis, providing superior active site accessibility and enhanced catalytic reactivity toward a wide range of peptides and proteins
Unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulation of turbulent buoyant jets issued into a model HTGR cavity with bottom venting
No full textAs one of the six proposed designs for Generation IV nuclear reactors, the high-temperature gas reactor (HTGR) is being designed to have various passive safety features. Its system safety performance has been investigated both experimentally and numerically, particularly under depressurization scenarios that may occur during postulated accident conditions. In this study, we consider a pipe break accident in the main loop, in which high-temperature and high-pressure helium is discharged into the reactor cavity, resulting in complex flow phenomena involving helium filling, gas mixing, and natural circulation within the cavity.
To investigate the jet discharging behavior near the break and the resulting gas mixing in the reactor cavity, a scaled HTGR reactor cavity test facility has been constructed at the City College of New York in which relevant experimental investigations are being carried out. In parallel, unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) models have been developed based on geometry and operating conditions of the experimental setup. Numerical simulations have been conducted to reproduce representative test cases, including a mild-buoyant case and a strong-buoyant case with the injection of 75°C nitrogen and 300°C helium, respectively, into the cavity, which was initially filled with room temperature air.
Due to the nature of the flow, which becomes quasi-steady during the long transient, a relatively large Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy number of up to 30 is used to accelerate the simulations, ensuring that the long transient process can be captured at a reasonable computational cost. Overall, the URANS predictions show good agreement with the experimental data in terms of time evolution of local gas temperature and oxygen concentration at various sensor locations within the cavity
Cost‑Effectiveness of Using Conditional Economic Incentives to Improve Pre‑exposure Prophylaxis Adherence Among Male Sex Workers
No full textCombined CO₂ measurement record indicates Amazon forest carbon uptake is offset by savanna carbon release
No full textIn tropical South America there has been substantial progress in atmospheric monitoring capacity, but the region still has a limited number of continental atmospheric stations relative to its large area, hindering net carbon flux estimates using atmospheric inversions. In this study, we use dry-air CO₂ mole fractions measured at the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO) and airborne vertical CO₂ profiles in an atmospheric inversion system to estimate net carbon exchange in tropical South America from 2010 to 2018. Given previous knowledge of a bias due to undried samples in the airborne vertical profiles, we calculate the effect of this systematic uncertainty in our inverse estimates and propose a water-vapor correction to the airborne CO₂ profiles. We focus our analysis on the biogeographic Amazon and its neighboring “Cerrado and Caatinga” biomes. Including the water-vapor correction changes the posterior ensemble median from −0.33 to −0.04 PgC yr¯¹ with a posterior uncertainty of 0.33 PgC yr¯¹ for the Amazon and for the Cerrado and Caatinga from 0.31 to 0.50 PgC yr¯¹, with an uncertainty of 0.24 PgC yr¯¹. Our estimates of carbon exchange include the contributions from both net vegetation exchange and release from fires. Assuming that the correction brings the observational data closer to the truth implies that the Amazon is a weaker sink of carbon and that the Cerrado and Caatinga is a larger source. We do not find a strong spatial shift of fluxes within the biogeographic Amazon due to the correction, nor do we find a strong impact on the interannual variations. Finally, to further reduce the uncertainty in regional carbon balance estimates in tropical South America, we call for an expansion of the atmospheric monitoring network on the continent, mainly in the Amazon–Andes foothills
Interplay between tidal flows and magnetic fields in non-linear simulations of stellar and planetary convective envelopes
No full textStars and planetsin close systems are magnetized, but the influence of magnetic fields on their tidal responses(and vice versa) and
dissipation rates has not been well explored. We present exploratory non-linear magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) simulations
of tidally excited inertial waves in convective envelopes. These waves probably provide the dominant contribution to tidal
dissipation in several astrophysical settings, including tidal circularization of solar-type binary stars and hot Jupiters, and orbital
migration of the moons of Jupiter and Saturn. We model convective envelopes as incompressible magnetized fluids in spherical
shells harbouring an initially (rotationally aligned) dipolar magnetic field. We find that depending on its strength (quantified by
its Lehnert number Le) and the magnetic Prandtl number Pm, the magnetic field can either deeply modify the tidal response
or be substantially altered by tidal flows. Simulations with small Le exhibit strong tidally generated differential rotation (zonal
flows) for sufficiently large tidal amplitudes, such that both the amplitude and topology of the initial magnetic field are tidally
impacted. In contrast, strong magnetic fields can inhibit these zonal flows through large-scale magnetic torques, and by Maxwell
stresses arising from magnetorotational instability, which we identify and characterize in our simulations, along with the role of
torsional Alfven´ waves. Without tidally driven zonal flows, the resulting tidal dissipation is close to the linear predictions. We
quantify the transition Le as a function of Pm, finding it to be comparable to realistic values found in solar-like stars, such that
we predict complex interactions between tidal flows and magnetic fields
