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What do the public think about artificial intelligence note-taking tools in social care?
No full textDozens of Local Authorities across England are piloting automated note-taking tools – often called ‘digital scribes’ – in social care assessments and other interactions. These AI-enabled technologies automatically record, transcribe, and summarise assessment meetings into standardised templates, promising a reduction in administrative burden and more time to focus on interpersonal interactions. While research has begun to explore staff attitudes toward these tools, public perspectives remain heavily underexplored. This paper details findings from a survey experiment with 1,127 carers in England, examining attitudes toward these automated note-taking technologies. The study compares perceptions between: automated versus manual note-taking; fully automated systems versus those with human review (‘human in the loop’); and investigates demographic differences in attitudes. We draw on this data to set out a four-fold typology of attitudes: ‘enthusiasts’, ‘cautious adopters’, ‘pragmatists’ and the ‘resistant’
Understanding the role of cultural learning in the emergence of first impressions from facial appearance
No full text‘It Smelt Real’:Jorvik Viking Centre and the Experience of Museum Smellscapes
No full textDespite the emergence of sensory history and the increasing use of smell at museums and heritage sites, little attention has been paid to how smell experiences and public perceptions of the past mutually shape each other. Using newspapers, user-generated reviews, participant observation, and surveys, this article provides an analysis of smell’s use and reception at Jorvik Viking Centre, one of the first UK museums to use artificial ambient scents, from its opening in 1984 to the present. Both distributions of the sensible and longer histories of smell media have shaped the way academics, museums professionals, and visitors have responded to Jorvik’s smells. In contrast to existing work that has dismissed the use of smell in museums and heritage spaces as a curatorial trick that contrasts a foul-smelling past with contemporary odorlessness, this article argues that Jorvik’s scents offer an example of a ‘key smell’ that allows for the exploration of multiple overlapping experiences of the past and which draw on an audience equation of realism and authenticity with the strength, emotional intensification, and distillatory quality of reconstructed smellscapes
The Paradox of Seclusion: Regional Differences in Female Employment and Wages in Urban India
No full textWhy are urban gender wage gaps lower in northern than in southern states of India, despite greater gender equality (in non-wage dimensions) in the south? I show that this is due to greater suppression of women’s low-wage employment in the north, resulting in stronger positive selection: selection-corrected gaps that impute wages for the non-employed based on observed and unobserved characteristics are similar for both north and south. I suggest that stronger social norms in the north that stigmatise women’s wage work produce lower employment rates, particularly among less-educated, low-wage women who do not have access to white-collar jobs. These patterns of participation introduce significant selection biases in the measurement of gender wage gaps and help explain why urban gender wage gaps are lower in the north
The significance of Kalecki’s analyses of the financial and real constraints on economic development
No full textThe paper marks the 70th anniversary of the publication of Kalecki’s “The problem of financing economic development” (1955) based on the lectures presented in Mexico City in August 1953. The analysis of the paper is set in the context of Kalecki’s macro-economic analysis of industrialised capitalist economies and of his work at the United Nations. The central messages of Kalecki’s paper are discussed in two parts. The first is focused on what may be termed the real constraints for development and investment, with the political and social obstacles to addressing those constraints. The second is on the funding of balance of payments issues which arise with the problems which methods of funding raise.
El articulo conmemora el LXX aniversario de la publicación en ingles de “El problema del financiamiento del desarrollo económico” de Kalecki (1955), basado en las conferencias impartidas en la Ciudad de Mexico en agosto de 1953. El estudio se enmarca en el análisis macroeconómico de Kalecki sobre las economías capitalistas industrializadas y en su trabajo en la Organización de las Naciones Unidas. Los mensajes centrales del artículo de Kalecki se discuten en dos partes. La primera se centra en lo que podría denominarse las restricciones reales para el desarrollo y la inversión, junto con los obstáculos políticos y sociales para enfrentarlas. La segunda trata de las dificultades de financiamiento de la balanza de pagos derivadas de problemas inherentes a los métodos de financiamiento
Innovative P(3HB)/carbon-based material composites for bone tissue regeneration: Biocompatibility, thermo-mechanical, and structural insights
No full textBone tissue engineering (BTE) aims to address the challenge of repairing critical size bone defects, but effective substitutes with suitable mechanical properties and bioactivity are still needed. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), P(3HB)is a sustainable polymer with promising potential but suffers from poor mechanical properties and thermal instability. In this study, P(3HB) was reinforced with various carbon-based materials (CBMs) to evaluate thermomechanical and structural properties as well as biological responses, in composites before and after aging. CBMs with P(3HB) interactions and their spatial distribution were examined using advanced imaging, including Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Secondary Electron Hyperspectral Imaging (SEHI), and Short-Wave Infrared (SWIR) analysis. Biological responses were assessed using various biocompatibility assays; cytotoxicity and osteogenicity with primary human osteoblasts (ECACC, 406-05a) and MG63 cells. Aged P(3HB)/inkjet composites showed a 140 % increase in Young's modulus (1.2 GPa), matching trabecular bone stiffness, with a 3 % lower processing temperature than neat P(3HB), enhancing suitability for 3D printing. SEHI revealed elevated OH (4.8 eV) and CO (5.7 eV) functional groups, resulting in increased surface hydrophilicity and promoted cellular responses. P(3HB)/inkjet demonstrated the highest cell attachment (267.5 ± 43.3 cells) and ALP activity (6.3 ± 0.7 nmol PNP/min), outperforming composites with Starbon (150.1 ± 38.3 cells, 6.1 ± 0.8 ALP) and activated carbon (103.4 ± 24.5 cells, 5.7 ± 0.5 ALP). All aged composites showed improved performance over their fresh counterparts. In contrast, TCP and neat P(3HB) exhibited the lowest levels of mineralization. 3D printing offers further potential for enhancing P(3HB)/inkjet composites through precise and bespoke scaffold design and clinical feasibility
A mid‐Proterozoic coupled Sr and Li isotope excursion and its potential connection to enhanced weathering and ocean oxygenation at 1.57 Ga
No full textChemical weathering is a critical Earth system process that regulates climate, ocean chemistry and the long-term carbon cycle. However, the intensity and variability of chemical weathering remain insufficiently constrained for the mid-Proterozoic (∼1.8‒0.8 Ga), greatly limiting our understanding of the environmental context to early eukaryotic evolution. Here, we report the first coupled positive seawater 87Sr/86Sr (∼0.0007) and δ7Li (∼5‰) isotope excursions of the Mesoproterozoic Era (1.6‒1.0 Ga), which we argue signifies a substantial weathering event at ∼1.57 Ga, characterised by increased silicate weathering rates and decreased weathering congruency. Drawing on independent geological evidence, we posit that enhanced volcanic CO2 degassing, possibly alongside accretional orogenesis, increased denudation rates and invigorated the hydrological cycle, amplifying silicate weathering and secondary clay formation. This weathering pulse broadly coincided with coeval ocean oxygenation and carbon cycle disruption, implicating it in the appearance of the earliest known decimetre-scale, multicellular eukaryotic fossils
Surface Tension Isotherms:Reconceptualizing Adsorption, Self-Assembly, and Micelle Formation via the Fluctuation Theory
No full textLarge language models and responsible research evaluation: an extension of the Leiden Manifesto
No full textResearch evaluators and scientometricians sometimes promote the message of responsible bibliometrics through initiatives like the Leiden Manifesto, but these do not mention Large Language Models (LLMs). Since there is evidence that LLMs can make quality predictions for journal articles that correlate more strongly with expert judgements than do citation-based indicators in most fields, they may start to supplement or replace citation-based indicators for some applications. This paper compares responsible evaluation principles from the Leiden Manifesto with those necessary for LLMs, finding them all to be still relevant. It also includes a discussion of how they apply to human expert review and the differences between the three approaches. For example, transparency is inherently weak for LLMs, since their decision-making processes are too complex to fully understand (similarly for experts). Conversely, LLMs may be able to address some issues that citation-based indicators can’t, such as by adapting prompts to the goals of an evaluation. Other issues impact differently. For example, LLM evaluations might encourage authors to customize articles to persuade LLMs, whereas bibliometric evaluations might encourage authors to solicit citations. Finally, two additions to the Leiden Manifesto targeting LLM-supported research evaluations are proposed. First, the cost/benefit tradeoff should be considered when deciding which approach to use. In resource-poor contexts or for minor evaluations, it may be irresponsible to implement otherwise fully responsible solutions. Second, LLM evaluations need to comply with national copyright law when processing academic texts: the ability to access a text does not always entail permission to automatically process it
