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Responsible artificial intelligence attention and firm innovation: an attention‐based view
No full textAcademic Summary
This article draws on the attention-based view (ABV) to examine whether, how, and under what conditions top management team (TMT) attention to responsible artificial intelligence (AI) influences firm innovation. We developed a 480-word responsible AI dictionary grounded in 155 academic sources and 527 corporate case descriptions, and applied it to 2452 S&P 500 earnings call transcripts (2011–2021) using natural language processing (NLP) and large language model (LLM) techniques, yielding 2670 firm-year observations. Linking these measures to US patent data, we find that greater responsible AI attention predicts more and higher-impact patents. The effect is stronger in low-technology industries and under short-term investor pressure, while the presence of a chief technology officer (CTO) does not amplify it. Mechanism analyses reveal that responsible AI attention fosters innovation by increasing investment in AI-relevant human capital and mitigating innovation risk. Theoretically, this article enriches the AI and innovation management literature by positioning responsible AI attention as a dynamic strategic asset that mobilizes resources, reduces risk, and enables contextual adaptation. Practically, findings suggest that firms can strengthen innovation by prioritizing managerial attention to responsible AI, distributing responsibility beyond technical specialists, balancing ethical safeguards with strategic flexibility, and aligning governance with investor and industry conditions.
Managerial Summary
This article examines how managerial attention to responsible artificial intelligence (AI) can enhance firm innovation. Using text analytics on 2452 earnings call transcripts from S&P 500 firms (2011–2021) and a panel of 2670 firm-year observations linked to patent outcomes, we show that firms whose top management teams (TMT) devote greater attention to responsible AI produce more and higher-impact patents. This effect is stronger in low-technology industries and when firms face short-term investor pressure; it is not amplified by having a chief technology officer (CTO). In practice, sustained attention to responsible AI tends to build AI-related skills and reduce project risk, thereby supporting a more reliable innovation pipeline. Executives should treat responsible AI as a strategic priority rather than a compliance task by establishing cross-functional governance, investing in role-based governance training, and sharing accountability across the C-suite. Innovation managers can embed ethics checkpoints (bias audits, design reviews) into project workflows to enhance stability and organizational learning. Policymakers can reinforce responsible innovation by providing clear regulatory frameworks and incentives that align ethical safeguards with competitiveness. Together, these actions can help build more durable organizational capability for responsible innovation and support long-term performance and adaptation to ongoing technological change
Developing pharmaceutical supply chain resilient capabilities: the role of Industry 4.0 technologies
No full textPurpose
The purpose of this study is to advance understanding of how PSCs can re-imagined, re-designed and strengthened by leveraging industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies. Building resilience in Pharmaceutical Supply Chains (PSCs) has become imperative in the wake of COVID-19 and other global disruptions.
Design/methodology/approach
This study adopted a qualitative approach using thematic analysis and the Gioia method on a corpus of data from 114 articles published in 84 peer-reviewed academic journals. The authors conducted a problematising review to critically analyse the contributions of I4.0 technologies to PSCs and demonstrate the distinctiveness of PSC resilience.
Findings
The thematic analysis revealed the advantages and barriers to I4.0 implementation in PSCs, emphasising on how these technologies support sensing, seizing and reconfiguring capabilities. Drawing on dynamic capability theory, this study proposes the pharmaceutical supply chain resilient capabilities (PSCRC) model, which conceptualises the capability building required to withstand and adapt to disruption.
Originality/value
The authors argue that the PSCRC model provides i) a theoretical contribution by clarifying the micro foundations of resilience, and ii) a practical roadmap for supply chain leaders seeking to deploy I4.0 technologies to coordinate processes, secure materials and build sustainable and adaptive PSCs. The paper also outlines future research avenues to advance scholarly and managerial understanding of PSC resilience
Brain activation and connectivity after 2-3 weeks of escitalopram administration in anxiety disorders:A randomised trial
No full textDespite the extensive use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for anxiety treatment worldwide, their neural mechanism of action remains poorly understood. Based on a systematic line of experimental medicine studies from our laboratory, we posited that SSRI-mediated anxiolysis may be driven by a sustained reduction in positive coupling between the dorsomedial cortex and amygdala in anxious individuals. We conducted a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study investigating amygdala-dorsomedial cortex activation and connectivity during emotion processing after 2-3-week SSRI administration in anxious individuals (ANX) compared to healthy controls (HC). The baseline analysis included 96 HC and 45 ANX participants. The follow-up analysis included 86 HC (placebo n = 40, 73 % female, SSRI n = 46, 74 % female) and 42 ANX participants (placebo n = 22, 86 % female, SSRI n = 20, 80 % female). Consistent with predictions, 2-3 weeks of escitalopram administration altered bilateral amygdala connectivity with the dorsomedial cortex during emotional face processing in people with anxiety disorders compared to healthy controls. However, the effect was in the opposite direction to predicted - positive coupling increased following SSRI in the patient group (right amygdala: ANX-SSRI vs HC-SSRI t = 2.4, p = 0.02; left amygdala: ANX-SSRI vs HC-SSRI t = 2.6, p = 0.01). A follow-up sensitivity analysis confirmed this to be a bilateral effect. These findings suggest that our simple hypothesis of SSRIs inducing a reduction in amygdala-dorsomedial cortex connectivity is incorrect, and the associated brain connectivity may instead increase in the initial weeks of drug administration. The study is registered as a clinical trial at https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Its clinical trial name is: 'The Effect of SSRIs on Threat of Shock Potentiated Neural Circuitry', number: NCT07074652, URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07074652
Urban polycentric spatial structure and residents’ subjective well-being: The mediating role of commuting, housing and public service delivery
No full textThis study examines the relationship between urban polycentric spatial structure and residents’ subjective well-being using the China Family Panel Studies data. The dataset comprises 27,996 samples, covering 113 cities from survey made between 2014 to 2020. The findings show that urban polycentricity significantly improves residents’ subjective well-being. The level of improvement varies across different city tiers, population densities, and differs among residents with varying household registration types and personal income levels. Mechanism analysis reveals that the positive impact of urban polycentricity on subjective well-being could be through three important channels: commuting time, housing affordability and public service delivery. The above findings provide useful insights into how urban polycentricity promotes residents’ subjective well-being
The scientific works of professor Keith Attenborough
No full textProf. Attenborough’s distinguished career spans over five decades during which he has made seminal contributions to the field of physical acoustics. His extensive research encompasses acoustic propagation in and above porous media, acoustic penetration into rigid frame and poro-elastic materials, and environmental noise control. This article celebrates his work highlighting its foundational basis, scientific impact, and practical applications
Opportunities and costs for shared ground loops
No full textShared ground loops (SGLs) combine shared ground heat exchangers with distributed heat pumps across multiple properties and may offer a route to decarbonise heating where individual heat pumps or heat networks are not feasible. SGLs can be installed in homes and buildings with limited outside space for a heat pump or insufficient demand density to support a heat network. To make the most of potential opportunities, greater awareness of factors shaping UK deployment is needed. Through a mixed-methods approach combining rapid evidence assessment, case studies and policy mapping, this study finds SGLs mostly limited to deployment by social landlords and in new build settings, with wider use impacted by high capital costs, policy gaps around mid-scale solutions, market concentration around a single supplier, and the need for business models applicable to mixed-tenure settings. SGLs are particularly suitable for dwellings in higher density areas outside of government-designated Heat Network Zones, where it is expected that large heat networks will deliver the lowest-cost route to decarbonising heat. We suggest policy and practice recommendations intended to create conditions for wider deployment. At a national policymaker level, SGL suitability for mid-scale, medium-density settings and support for a flexible energy system should be more clearly recognised, especially in areas outside Heat Network Zones. At the individual company level, deployment would be supported through development of utility-style business models and installation approaches by infrastructure developers which can offer SGLs to households of a range of tenure types
Self‐catalyzed AlGaAs nanowires and AlGaAs/GaAs axial heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy
No full textSelf-catalyzed AlGaAs nanowires (NWs) offer advantageous properties, including lattice matching to GaAs, a wide range of electronic bandgaps, and monolithic integration with the mature Si platform due to elastic strain relaxation. However, the growth of self-catalyzed AlGaAs NWs is typically characterized by morphological challenges, such as branching and tapering. Here, we comprehensively investigate the optimization of the group III growth rate and V/III ratio. We demonstrate the growth of AlGaAs NWs using a Ga/Al alloy droplet as a co-catalyst, achieving minimal branching and NW uniformity with up to 40% nominal Al content. Embedding a single GaAs segment in an optimized NW structure results in QD-like properties, including strong spatially localized emission at room temperature. Our findings demonstrate the control of branching events in self-catalyzed AlGaAs NWs, highlighting their potential for applications including nanolasers and quantum light emitters
Capturing zero-price effects in stated choice surveys: implications for willingness-to-pay and welfare
No full textStated choice surveys commonly used in public policy appraisal – such as in transport or environmental economics – often contrast a ‘free’ status quo alternative against a range of (policy) interventions which can be implemented at a cost. Limited attention has, however, been paid to the fact that the ‘free’ nature of the status quo (SQ) alternative may make the SQ alternative overly attractive due to the zero-price (ZP) effect. The ZP effect is a well-established notion in behavioural economics explaining the phenomenon that individuals tend to over-react to free alternatives. We present an experimental design setup allowing the separation of the ZP effect from the SQ effect together with the identification of non-linear sensitivities to costs. Choices made by students between different mobile broadband packages are used for illustrational purposes. Our analysis shows that the ZP effect is significant and the observed preference to remain in the SQ is largely due to the ZP effect. In practice, this may lead to biased welfare estimates for public policy packages if the ZP effect is not explicitly accounted for. Moreover, we also show that misspecification of the functional form for cost can lead to significant bias in WTP estimates and the ZP and SQ effects