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Oral history interview of Thomas Gary, November 4, 2005 / with David Lide, Hans Oser, Harriet Hassler, Sam Kramer, Joyce Brown, and Mike Stogsdill
No full textOral history interview of Thomas Gary, November 4, 2005.
Thomas Gary came to the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) in 1962 and began his career at the Laboratory General Mechanic in the Microscopy and Diffraction Section of the Metallurgy Division. He discusses the jobs he had at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as a scientist, engineer, and administrato
Gordon W. Day
No full textGORDON W. DAY
Inducted: 2004
Citation:
For leadership in research in fundamental optical measurements, development of standards for optical fiber, new concepts in instrumentation, and founding of the NIST Optoelectronics division
Tenure: 1969-2003
Birth: 1944, Jacksonville, Illinois
Education:
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, BS (Electrical Engineering), 1966, MS (Electrical Engineering), 1967, PhD (Electrical Engineering), 1970
Positions held:
NBS/NRC Postdoctoral Research Associate
Electronics Engineer, Radio Standards Physics, Quantum Electronics, Electromagnetics, and Electromagnetic Technology Divisions
Visiting Fellow, University of Southampton (UK), on assignment from NBS
Project Leader, Optical Fiber Sensors, Electromagnetic Technology Division
Deputy Division Chief, Electromagnetic Technology Division
Division Chief (first), Optoelectronics Division
Honors:
U.S. Department of Commerce, Gold Medal 1974; Silver Medal 1983
IR‑100 Award, Industrial Research Magazine, 1976; R&D-100 Award, R&D Magazine, 1991
Excellence in Technology Transfer Award, Federal Laboratories Consortium, 1992
President, IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS), 2000
Memberships:
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (Fellow)
Optical Society of America (Fellow)
Institute of Physics, UK (Fellow)
Publications:
Approximately 150 publications, including:
“Speed of light from direct frequency and wavelength measurements of the methane stabilized laser,” (with co-authors), Phys. Rev. Lett., 29, 1346 (1972)
“An electrically calibrated pyroelectric radiometer system,” (with co-authors), NBS Technical Note 678, (1976)
“Optical fiber characterization,” (with co-authors), NBS Special Pub. 637, vols. 1&2, (1982)
“Annealing of linear birefringence in single mode fiber coils: application to optical fiber current sensors, (with co-authors),” IEEE/OSA J. Lightwave Tech. 9 1031-1037 (1990
Erratum: New national air-kerma-strength standards for I-125 and Pd-103 brachytherapy seeds (vol 108, No. 5, pg 337, 2003)
No full textErratum: Determining the magnetic properties of 1 kg mass standards (vol 100, No. 3, pg 209, 1995)
No full textSoftware architecture for a virtual environment for nano scale assembly (VENSA)
No full textA Virtual Environment (VE) uses multiple computer-generated media to let a user experience situations that are temporally and spatially prohibiting. The information flow between the user and the VE is bidirectional and the user can influence the environment. The software development of a VE requires orchestrating multiple peripherals and computers in a synchronized way in real time. Although a multitude of useful software components for VEs exists, many of these are packaged within a complex framework and can not be used separately. In this paper, an architecture is presented which is designed to let multiple frameworks work together while being shielded from the application program. This architecture, which is called the Virtual Environment for Nano Scale Assembly (VENSA), has been constructed for interfacing with an optical tweezers instrument for nanotechnology development. However, this approach can be generalized for most virtual environments. Through the use of VENSA, the programmer can rely on existing solutions and concentrate more on the application software design
Stability comparison of recordable optical discs - A study of error rates in harsh conditions
No full textThe reliability and longevity of any storage medium is a key issue for archivists and preservationists as well as for the creators of important information. This is particularly true in the case of digital media such as DVD and CD where a sufficient number of errors may render the disc unreadable. This paper describes an initial stability study of commercially available recordable DVD and CD media using accelerated aging tests under conditions of increased temperature and humidity. The effect of prolonged exposure to direct light is also investigated and shown to have an effect on the error rates of the media. Initial results show that high quality optical media have very stable characteristics and may be suitable for long-term storage applications. However, results also indicate that significant differences exist in the stability of recordable optical media from different manufacturers
SRM 2460/2461 standard bullets and casings project
No full textThe National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2460/2461 standard bullets and casings project will provide support to firearms examiners and to the National Integrated Ballistics Information Network (NIBIN) in the United States. The SRM bullet is designed as both a virtual and a physical bullet profile signature standard. The virtual standard is a set of six digitized bullet profile signatures originally traced from six master bullets fired at the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). By using the virtual signature standard to control the tool path on a numerically controlled diamond turning machine, 40 SRM bullets were produced. A profile signature measurement system was established for the SRM bullets. The profile signature differences are quantified by the maximum of the cross correlation function and by the signature difference between pairs of compared profile signatures measured on different SRM bullets. Initial measurement results showed high reproducibility for both the measurement system and production process of the SRM bullets. A traceability scheme has been proposed to establish the measurement traceability for nationwide bullet signature measurements to NIST, ATF and FBI. Prototype SRM casings have also been developed
Lloyd A. Currie
No full textLLOYD A. CURRIE
NBS/NIST: 1962 - 2000
Birth: 14 March 1930, Portland, Oregon
Education:
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, SB (Chemistry), 1952
University of Chicago, PhD (Physical Chemistry), 1955
Principal Field:
Concepts and applications of analytical detection, quantification limits; m-molar 14C accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) for apportionment of natural and anthropogenic carbonaceous particles; photonuclear reactions; low-level radioactivity metrology; isotopic-chemical standards for carbonaceous particles; chemometrics
Positions held at NBS/NIST:
Research Chemist, Radioactivity Section and Center for Analytical Chemistry
Visiting Professor, Universities of Ghent (Belgium) and Berne (Switzerland), on assignment from NBS
Leader, Atmospheric Chemistry Group
NIST Fellow, Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory
Post-retirement: NIST Scientist Emeritus
Honors:
Commerce Science Fellow, U.S. House of Representatives, 1975-1976
U.S. Department of Commerce, Silver Medal, 1980; Gold Medal, 1989
Elected NIST Fellow, 1994
ISI "most cited work," 1968 paper on detection, quantification limits [Anal. Chem. 40 586-593], selected for the NBS/NIST centenary volume, A Century of Excellence in Measurements, Standards, & Technology, 2001
I.M. Marci Medal, Czech Spectroscopic Society (Czech Academy of Sciences), 2002
Memberships:
American Chemical Society; American Geophysical Union
National Advisory Board (member, chairman), National Ocean Sciences AMS Laboratory
Sigma Xi (Honorary); American Institute of Chemists (Fellow)
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) (titular member, Fellow)
International Steering Committee for Black Carbon Reference Materials
Publications:
More than 200 publications, including:
Books (Ed): Nuclear and Chemical Dating Techniques (1982), Detection in Analytical Chemistry (1988).
L. Currie and R Kropschot, Societal Aspects of Hydrogen Energy Systems, U.S. House of Representatives (1979).
L. Currie, “Nomenclature in Evaluation of Analytical Methods” (IUPAC) Pure & Appl. Chem., 67 (1995) 1699-1723 --established the international norm for detection capabilities in chemistry
L. Currie, “Evolution and Multidisciplinary Frontiers of 14C Aerosol Science,” Radiocarbon 42 (2000) 115-126.
L. Currie, “The Remarkable Metrological History of Radiocarbon Dating,” Journal of Research of NIST (2004)
Spot weld analysis with 2D ultrasonic Arrays
No full textThis paper describes a threefold method of testing the performance of an array-based ultrasonic tool for nondestructive testing of spot welds. The tool is described in its capabilities, use, and advantages over existing counterparts. Performance testing for and the results from carrying out the testing are described. The three performance testing methods include 1) the use of calibrated samples, 2) comparisons with actual spot-welds, and 3) a performance evaluation of the embedded fitting software. The test of the fitting software was carried out by a comparison of results with reference fits supplied by the National Institute of Standards and Technology
Nonlinearity measurements of high-power laser detectors at NIST
No full textWe briefly explain the fundamentals of detector nonlinearity applicable to both electrical and optical nonlinearity measurements. We specifically discuss the attenuation method for optical nonlinearity measurement that the NIST system is based upon, and we review the possible sources of nonlinearity inherent to thermal detectors used with high-power lasers. We also describe, in detail, the NIST nonlinearity measurement system, in which detector responsivity can be measured at wavelengths of 1.06 micrometers and 10.6 micrometers, over a power range from 1 W to 1000 W. We present the data processing method used and show measurement results depicting both positive and negative nonlinear behavior. The expanded uncertainty of a typical NIST high-power laser detector calibration including nonlinearity characterization is about 1.3%