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(Audio Part 1 of 4) Oral history interview of Emanuel Horowitz , May 25, 2006 / with David Lide, Jerome Kruger, Curt Reimann, and Harry Hertz.
No full textOral history interview of Emanuel Horowitz, May 25, 2006. Emanuel Horowitz first came to NBS on December 26, 1951
Optimal Facility-Location
No full textDr. Christoph Witzgall, the honoree of this Symposium, can count among his many contributions to applied mathematics and mathematical operations research a body of widely-recognized work on the optimal location of facilities. The present paper offers to non-specialists a sketch of that field and its evolution, with emphasis on areas most closely related to Witzgall's research at NBS/NIST
A Tale About the First Weights and Measures Intercomparison in the United States in 1832
No full textIn preparation for the Hassler memorial tablet dedication in the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Administration Building lobby in December of 2004, I learned that Ferdinand Rudolph Hassler had carried out the first systematic study of weights and measures in the United States. I obtained a copy of Comparison of Weights and Measures of Length and Capacity Reported to the Senate of the United States which is Hassler's 1832 report to Congress on this comparison that related all the weights and measures then in use by the states and federal customhouses. Handwritten inscriptions in the book reveal interesting facts about Hassler's work and his communication with other scientists in Europe at that time
Spectrally Tunable Sources for Advanced Radiometric Applications
No full textA common radiometric platform for the development of application-specific metrics to quantify the performance of sensors and systems is described. Using this platform, sensor and system performance may be quantified in terms of the accuracy of measurements of standardized sets of source distributions. The prototype platform consists of spectrally programmable light sources that can generate complex spectral distributions in the ultraviolet, visible and short-wave infrared regions for radiometric, photometric and colorimetric applications. In essence, the programmable spectral source is a radiometric platform for advanced instrument characterization and calibration that can also serve as a basis for algorithm testing and instrument comparison
NIST Calibration of a Neutron Spectrometer ROSPEC
No full textA neutron spectrometer was acquired for use in the measurement of National Institute of Standards and Technology neutron fields. The spectrometer included options for the measurement of low and high energy neutrons, for a total measurement range from 0.01 eV up to 17 MeV. The spectrometer was evaluated in calibration fields and was used to determine the neutron spectrum of an Americium-Beryllium neutron source. The calibration fields used included bare and moderated Cf-252, monoenergetic neutron fields of 2.5 MeV and 14 MeV, and a thermal-neutron beam. Using the calibration values determined in this exercise, the spectrometer gives a good approximation of the neutron spectrum, and excellent values for neutron fluence, for all NIST calibration fields. The spectrometer also measured an Americium-Beryllium neutron field in a NIST exposure facility and determined the field quite well. The spectrometer measured scattering effects in neutron spectra which previously could be determined only by calculation or integral measurements
In-situ Attenuation Corrections for Radiation Force Measurements of High Frequency Ultrasound With a Conical Target
No full textRadiation force balance (RFB) measurements of time-averaged, spatially-integrated ultrasound power transmitted into a reflectionless water load are based on measurements of the power received by the RFB target. When conical targets are used to intercept the output of collimated, circularly symmetric ultrasound sources operating at frequencies above a few megahertz, the correction for in-situ attenuation is significant, and differs significantly from predictions for idealized circumstances. Empirical attenuation correction factors for a 45 degrees (half-angle) absorptive conical RFB target have been determined for 24 frequencies covering the 5 MHz to 30 MHz range. They agree well with previously unpublished attenuation calibration factors determined in 1994 for a similar target
Portrait of Laurie Locascio
No full textDr. Locascio was director of the NIST Material Measurement Laboratory. In 2018 she was inducted into the NIST Gallery of Distinguished Scientists, Engineers, and Administrators. She was recognized for “outstanding contributions as a scientist/engineer making significant advances in the fields of analytical chemistry and bioengineering and as an administrator who inspired others through her leadership of NIST’s scientific and technical mission-focused laboratory programs.” Her tenure at NIST was from 1986-2017.
Positions at NIST:
Research Biomedical Engineer, Molecular Spectroscopy and Microfluidic Methods Group, Analytical Chemistry Division, Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory (CSTL), 1986-2002. Group Leader, Analytical Sensors and Automation Group, Analytical Chemistry Division, CSTL, 1993-1995.
Group Leader and Research Biomedical Engineer, Microanalytical Metrology Group, Analytical Chemistry Division, CSTL, 2002-2006.
Chief, Biochemical Science Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, 2006-2012.
Director, Material Measurement Laboratory, 2012-2016.
Acting Associate Director for Laboratory Programs and Principal Deputy to the NIST Director, 2017.
Education:
James Madison University, BS (Chemistry), 1983 .
University of Utah, MS (Bioengineering), 1986.
University of Maryland at Baltimore, PhD (Toxicology), 1999
Zoltan L. Bay
No full textZOLTAN L. BAY
Inducted: 2006
Citation:
Developer of electro-optic modulation of coherent laser light enabling improved measurements of optical frequencies, the speed of light, and ultimately the unification of time and length standards.
Tenure: 1955-1972
Birth: 1900, Gyulavari, Hungary
Death: 1992
Education:
Budapest University: MS (Physics and Mathematics), 1923
Budapest University: PhD (Physics), 1926
Positions held:
Research Physicist, Atomic and Radiation Physics Division, 1955-1962
Research Physicist, Atomic Physics Division, 1962-1968
Research Physicist, Atomic and Molecular Physics Division, 1968-1970
Research Physicist, Optical Physics Division, 1970-1972
Honors:
U.S. Department of Commerce Silver Medal (1962)
Hungary; Highest Award for Scientific Achievements (1990)
Hungary; Bust of Zoltan Bay unveiled in Budapest (2000)
Abraham Lincoln Award of the American Hungarian Foundation (1975)
Honorary Doctor of Science degrees from the University of Edinburgh (1978), Budapest Technical University, University of Debrecen, and University of Szeged
Boyden Premium, awarded by the Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, PA (1980)
Memberships:
Fellow, American Physical Society
American Academy of Sciences
IEEE (Senior Member)
Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Honorary Member)
Roland Eotvos Physical Society of Hungary (Honorary Member)
Publications:
More than 100 publications including:
Z. Bay and G.G. Luther, "Locking a Laser Frequency to the Time Standard," App. Phys. Lett., 13, 3, 303 (1968)
Z. Bay, "The Use of Microwave Modulation of Lasers for Length Measurement," Precision Measurements and Fundamental Constants, NBS Special Publication 343, edited by D.N. Langenberger and B. N. Taylor, 59 (1971)
Z. Bay, "The Constancy of the Velocity of Light and Prospects for a Unified Standardization of Time, Frequency and Length," Proceeding of the Fourth International Conference on Atomic Masses and Fundamenta1 Constants, Teddington, England, September 1971, edited by J.H. Sanders and A.H. Wapstra. New York: Plenum Press, 334 (1972)
Z. Bay, G.G. Luther, and J.A. White, "Measurement of an Optical Frequency and the Speed of Light," Phys. Rev. Lett., 29 (3), 189 (1972)
J. Avery, Z. Bay, and A. Szent-Gyorgyi, A., "On the Energy Transfer in Biological Systems," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 47, no 11, 1742 (1961)
Z. Bay and R.M. Pearlstein, "A Theory of Energy Transfer in the Photosynthetic Unit," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 50, 1071 (1963
Franz Alt interview: January 23 and February 2, 2006
No full textOral history interviews of Dr. Franz Alt, a former member of the National Bureau of Standards and past president of the Association of Computing Machinery. Publisher: The ACM New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1145/1141880.1141881. The original physical tapes made for this interview are archived in the ACM Archive held at the Charles Babbage Institute
Optimization Models for Scheduling of Jobs
No full textThis work is motivated by a particular scheduling problem that is faced by logistics centers that perform aircraft maintenance and modification. Here we concentrate on a single facility ( hangar) which is equipped with several work stations ( bays). Specifically, a number of jobs have already been scheduled for processing at the facility; the starting times, durations, and work station assignments for these jobs are assumed to be known. We are interested in how best to schedule a number of new jobs that the facility will be processing in the near future. We first develop a mixed integer quadratic programming model (MIQP) for this problem. Since the exact solution of this MIQP formulation is time consuming, we develop a heuristic procedure, based on existing bin packing techniques. This heuristic is further enhanced by application of certain local optimality conditions