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John M. Martinis
No full textJohn M. Martinis
Inducted: 2008
Citation: For establishing world-leading research efforts based on new insights into quantum phenomena in areas including quantum qubits, X-ray detectors, single-electron pumps, SQUIDs, and Johnson-noise thermometry.
Tenure: 1987-2004
Birth: 1958, San Pedro, California
Education:
University of California, Berkeley, BA (Physics), 1980
University of California, Berkeley, PhD (Physics), 1985
Positions held:
Research Physicist, Electromagnetic Technology Division (Boulder), 1987 - 2001
NIST Fellow (Boulder), 2001 - 2004
Honors:
NIST Stratton Award (1996)
US Department of Commerce Silver Medal (1996) and Gold Medal (1998)
Fellow, American Physical Society (1997)
NIST Applied Research Award (1998) and NIST Condon Award (2000)
Memberships:
American Physical Society (Fellow)
Publications:
More than 130 papers and 6 patents including:
Martinis, John M., Nam, Sae Woo, Aumentado, Jose, and Urbina, Jose, “Rabi Oscillations in a Large Josephson-Junction Qubit,” Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 89, No. 11, 117901 (Sept 9, 2002)
Keller, Mark W., Martinis, John M., Zimmerman, N.N., and Steinbach, A.H., “Accuracy of Electron Counting Using a 7-Junction Electron Pump,” Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 69, No. 12, pp. 1804-1806 (Sept 16, 1996)
Wollman, David A., Irwin, Kent D., Hilton, Gene C., Dulcie, Laura L., Newbury, Dale E., and Martinis, John M., “High-resolution, Energy-dispersive Microcalorimeter Spectrometer for X-ray Microanalysis,” Journal of Microscopy, Vol. 188, pp. 196-223 (Dec 3, 1997)
Nahum, Michael, Eiles, Travis M., and Martinis, John M., “Electronic Microrefrigerator Based on a Normal-Insulator-Superconductor Tunnel Junction,” Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 65, No. 24, pp. 2123 - 2125 (Dec 1, 1994)
Martinis, John M., Zimmerman, N.M., Keller, Mark W., and Eichenberger, A.L., “A Capacitance Standard Based on Counting Electrons,” Science, Vol. 285, pp. 1706 – 1709 (Sept 1, 1999)
Hilton, Gene C., Martinis, John M., Wollman, David A., Irwin, Kent D., Dulcie, L. L., Gerber, D., Gillevet, P.M., and Twerenbold, D., “Impact Energy Measurement in Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry with Cryogenic Microcalorimeters,” Nature, Vol. 391, pp. 672 - 675 (Feb 1, 1998
Kurt Francis Joseph Heinrich
No full textKURT FRANCIS JOSEPH HEINRICH
Inducted: 2008
Citation: For serving as an international leader in the development of all aspects of the field of electron-probe microanalysis (EPMA) and for his research on mass absorption coefficients that involved a novel set of empirical equations used to minimize the uncertainties in experimental data
Tenure: 1964-1988
Birth: 1921, Vienna, Austria
Education:
University of Buenos Aires, PhD (Chemistry), 1948
Positions held:
Research Chemist, Spectroscopic Section, Analytical Chemistry Division, 1964-1969
Chief, Microanalysis Section, 1969 -1980
Chief, Office of International Relations, 1980-1988
Honors:
US Department of Commerce Silver Medal (1968) and Gold Medal (1978)
President, MicroAnalysis Society (1969)
MicroAnalysis Society’s Scientific Achievement Award (1978)
Memberships:
Electron Probe Analysis Society of America (EPASA), Washington, DC (co-founder) now the MicroAnalysis Society (MAS)
ASTM
Deutscher Verband für Materialforschung (honorary member)
Publications:
More than 120 publications including:
Heinrich, K. F. J., Quantitative Electron Probe Microanalysis, NBS Special Publication 298, 1968
Fitzgerald, Ray, Keil, Klaus, and Heinrich, Kurt F. J., “Solid-State Energy-Dispersion Spectrometer for Electron-Microprobe X-Ray Analysis,” Science 159 529, 1968
Heinrich, K. F. J., “Errors in Theoretical Correction Systems in Quantitative Electron Probe Microanalysis – A Synopsis,” Analytical Chemistry 44, 350, 1972
Heinrich, K. F. J., Fiori, C. E., and Myklebust, R. L., “Relative Transition Probabilities for the X-Ray Lines from the K Level,” J. Appl. Phys., 50, 5589, 1979
Heinrich, Kurt F. J., Electron Beam X-ray Microanalysis, Van Nostrand-Reinhold, New York, 1981
Heinrich, K. F. J., “Mass Absorption Coefficients for Electron Probe Microanalysis,” Intl. Cong. X-ray Optics and Microanalysis 11, London, Ontario, Univ. Western Ontario Press, p. 67-119, 198
Portrait of Harry S. Hertz
No full textHarry S. Hertz was inducted into the NIST Gallery of Distinguished Scientists, Engineers, and Administrators in 2014. The citation for his induction read, “For visionary leadership, stewardship, and advocacy in promoting the Baldrige performance excellence framework and concepts nationally and internationally and for exemplary leadership and advancement of the analytical chemical sciences.”
His tenure at NIST: 1973-2013.
Education:
B.S., Chemistry, Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, 1967
Ph.D., Organic Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1971
Alexander von Humboldt Fellowship, University of Munich, 1971-1973. Executive Development, National Academy of Public Administration and Federal Executive Institute.
Positions held:
Research Chemist, Trace Organic Analysis Group, Analytical Chemistry Division, National Measurement Laboratory (NML), 1973-1978.
Chief, Organic Analytical Research Division, Center for Analytical Chemistry, NML, 1978-1983. Director, Center for Analytical Chemistry, NML, 1983-1991
Director, Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory, 1991-1992
Deputy Director, Baldrige National Quality Program (BNQP), 1992-1995
Director, Baldrige Performance Excellence Program (formerly BNQP), 1995-2013
Director Emeritus, Baldrige Performance Excellence Program (BPEP), 2013- present
Honors:
NIST Bronze Medal (1981); Department of Commerce Silver Medal (1986), Gold Medal (1998)Arthur S. Flemming Award (1986)
Senior Executive Service Meritorious Executive Rank Award (1987)
Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science (1992)
Quality Digest, recognized as one of 15 people driving quality today (October 2005)
Honorary Fellow, American College of Healthcare Executives (2011)
Harry S. Hertz Leadership Award, Foundation for the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award, namesake and first recipient (2013)
Memberships:
American Association for the Advancement of Science
American Chemical Society
American Friends of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
Sigma X
On the asymptotic behavior of the Fourier coefficients of Mathieu functions
No full textThe asymptotic behavior of the Fourier coefficients A(m)(n)(q) and B-m(n)(q) of the periodic Mathieu functions ce(n)(z, q) and se(n)(z, q) is derived for fixed n and q (not equal 0), as m -> infinity. Error bounds can be constructed for all approximations
Observation of the 3He(n,tp) reaction by detection of far-ultraviolet radiation
No full textWe have detected Lyman alpha radiation, 121.6 nm light produced from the n = 2 to n = 1 transition in atomic hydrogen, as a product of the 3He (n, tp) nuclear reaction occurring in a cell of 3He gas. The predominant source of this radiation appears to be decay of the 2p state of tritium produced by charge transfer and excitation collisions with the background 3He gas. Under the experimental conditions reported here we find yields of tens of Lyman alpha photons for every neutron reaction. These results suggest a method of cold neutron detection that is complementary to existing technologies that use proportional counters. In particular, this approach may provide single neutron sensitivity with wide dynamic range capability, and a class of neutron detectors that are compact and operate at relatively low voltages
Laser Cooling and Trapping Group, 2008
No full text(Front row L to R): Kris Helmerson, Paul Lett; (Back row L to R): Trey Porto, Bill Phillips, Ian Spielman This image is part of the Physics Division collection and contains photographs of Physics Division facilities, staff, and events
Robert F. Moore
No full textRobert F. Moore
Inducted: 2008
Citation:
For outstanding accomplishments in the construction and operation of the facilities that have enabled NIST researchers to perform world-class research in state-of-the-art laboratories.
Tenure: 1973-2007
Birth: 1946, Greensboro, North Carolina
Education:
A&T State University, BS (Mechanical Engineering) 1968
George Washington University, MS (Mechanical Engineering), 1979
Positions held:
Mechanical Engineer, 1973 - 1988
Chief, Project Management Office, 1988-1992
Chief, Plant Division, 1992-2000
Chief, Facilities Management Officer, 2000-2007
Honors:
US Department of Commerce Gold Medal (2004)
Presidential Rank Award for Meritorious Service (2006)
Impact:
For exceptional leadership in directing the management of all major construction projects at NIST Gaithersburg and Boulder including the 75 million Advanced Chemical Science Laboratory (ACSL) Building, and the 200 million of SCMMR projects throughout his career, reducing considerably the backlog of the many deteriorating critical infrastructure systems needing attention
Refining the In-Parameter-Order Strategy for Constructing Covering Arrays
No full textCovering arrays are structures for well-representing extremely large input spaces and are used to efficiently implement blackbox testing for software and hardware. This paper proposes refinements over the In-Parameter-Order strategy (for arbitrary t). When constructing homogeneous-alphabet covering arrays, these refinements reduce runtime in nearly all cases by a factor of more than 5 and in some cases by factors as large as 280. This trend is increasing with the number of columns in the covering array. Moreover, the resulting covering arrays are about 5 % smaller. Consequently, this new algorithm has constructed many covering arrays that are the smallest in the literature. A heuristic variant of the algorithm sometimes produces comparably sized covering arrays while running significantly faster
An absorbed-dose/dose-rate dependence for the alanine-EPR dosimetry system and its implications in high-dose ionizing radiation metrology
No full textNIST developed the alanine dosimetry system in the early 1990s to replace radiochromic dye film dosimeters. Later in the decade the alanine system was firmly established as a transfer service for high-dose radiation dosimetry and an integral part of the internal calibration scheme supporting these services. Over the course of the last decade, routine monitoring of the system revealed a small but significant observation that, after examination, led to the characterization of a previously unknown absorbed-dose-dependent,dose-rate effect for the alanine system. Though the potential impact of this effect is anticipated to be extremely limited for NIST's customer-based transfer dosimetry service, much greater implications may be realized for international measurement comparisons between National Measurement Institutes
Revised Standardized Equation for Hydrogen Gas Densities for Fuel Consumption Applications
No full textAn equation for the density of hydrogen gas has been developed that agrees with the current standard to within 0.01% from 220 K to 1000 K with pressures up to 70 MPa, to within 0.01% from 255 K to 1000 K with pressures to 120 MPa, and to within 0.1% from 200 K to 1000 K up to 200 MPa. The equation is a truncated virial-type equation based on pressure and temperature dependent terms. The density uncertainty for this equation is the same as the current standard and is estimated to be 0.04% (combined uncertainty with a coverage factor of 2) between 250 K and 450 K for all pressures, and 0.1% for lower temperatures. Comparisons are presented with experimental data and with the full equation of state