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Accurate, Traceable, and Verifiable Time Synchronization for World Financial Markets
No full textThe National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), through a collaboration with Perseus, a global provider of telecommunication services, is providing accurate, traceable, and verifiable time synchronization to stock exchanges in the United States, Europe, and Asia. The paper describes why accurate time is necessary for fair and equitable financial markets and summarizes current and proposed future synchronization requirements in the financial sector. We discuss reference time sources and provide a technical overview of how NIST transfers time to data center hosted stock exchange. We also discuss how Perseus distributes NIST time to financial market customers and describes how the time is verified. Measurement data are presented, along with a discussion of measurement uncertainty
Certification of New Standard Reference Material 2806b Medium Test Dust in Hydraulic Oil
No full textA new material has been certified to become Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2806b – Medium Test Dust in Hydraulic Fluid. SRM 2806b consists of trace polydisperse, irregularly shaped mineral dust particles suspended in hydraulic fluid. The certified values of SRM 2806b are the projected area circular-equivalent diameters of the collected dust particles from the hydraulic fluid. The dimensional measurements were determined from the area of the collected dust particles using images obtained from automated scanning electron microscopy (SEM) followed by image analysis. An automated SEM and an automated image analysis software allowed the processing of over 29 million particles. The dimensional calibration of the SEM images (actual length per pixel and thus the actual projected diameters) are traceable to the NIST Line Scale Interferometer (LSI) through a NIST calibrated Geller MRS-4XY pitch standard. The certified diameters are correlated with the numeric concentration of particles greater than each diameter, referred to as the cumulative number size distribution. SRM 2806b is intended to be used to calibrate liquid-borne optical particle counters in conjunction with the reference method ISO 11171:2010
Graham Morrison
No full textGRAHAM MORRISON
NBS/NIST: 1979-1993
INDUCTED: 2016
Birth: 20 November 1942, Winchester, Virginia
Death: 7 August 1993
EDUCATION:
Lehigh University, BS (Chemistry), 1964
Cornell University, PhD (Chemistry), 1968
CITATION:
For outstanding leadership in establishment of a NIST-wide program for determining thermophysical properties of alternative refrigerants which resulted in improved energy efficiency and reduced depletion of the stratospheric ozone, meeting the goals of the Montreal Protocol ahead of schedule.
POSITIONS HELD AT NBS/NIST:
Research Chemist, Thermophysics Division, Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory, 1979-1993
HONORS:
NIST Bronze Medal (1983)
U.S. Department of Commerce Silver Medal (1988)
NIST Applied Research Award (1992)
Sigma Xi
MEMBERSHIPS:
American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Design Institute for Physical Properties (DIPPR)
PUBLICATIONS:
More than 40 publications and a patent including:
Morrison, G., "Alternative Refrigerant Properties Measurements and Correlation Program at NIST," Pure and
Applied Chemistry, No 10, 1465-1472 (1991)
Morrison, G. and McLinden, M.O., Application of a Hard Sphere Equation of State to Refrigerants and
Refrigerant Mixtures, NBS Technical Note 1226 (1986)
McLinden, M.O., Gallagher, J., and Morrison, G., NIST Thermodynamic Properties of Refrigerants and Refrigerant Mixtures, Version 1, Standard Reference Data Program, NIST Standard Reference Database 23, (1989
Survey of Research for Performance Measurement of Mobile Manipulators
No full textThis survey provides the basis for developing research in the area of mobile manipulator performance measurement, an area that has relatively few research articles when compared to other mobile manipulator research areas. The survey provides a literature review of mobile manipulator research with examples of experimental applications. The survey also provides an extensive list of planning and control references as this has been the major research focus for mobile manipulators which factors into performance measurement of the system. The survey then reviews performance metrics considered for mobile robots, robot arms, and mobile manipulators and the systems that measure their performance, including machine tool measurement systems through dynamic motion tracking systems. Lastly, the survey includes a section on research that has occurred for performance measurement of robots, mobile robots, and mobile manipulators beginning with calibration, standards, and mobile manipulator artifacts that are being considered for evaluation of mobile manipulator performance
Workshop on Lunar Calibration for Satellite Remote Sensing
No full textTracking climate variables at the levels of precision and accuracy required to detect global change requires satellite sensors to make highly consistent measurements that can be compared to measurements made at different times and with different instruments. Gaps in climate data records, such as those resulting from launch delay or instrument failure, and inconsistencies in radiometric scales between satellites can introduce unnecessary measurement error and thus undermine the credibility of fundamental climate data records. To address these issues, leading experts in satellite remote sensing and lunar observation and modeling assembled at the National Institute of Standards and Technology from 12-15 May 2012 for a workshop to discuss the utility of and strategies for using the Moon to calibrate satellite remote sensing measurements. This report summarizes the outcome of the workshop, including suggested steps to maximize the value of the Moon as an exoatmospheric calibration source for satellite remote sensing
Oral history interview of Joan R. Rosenblatt, March 31, 2016/ [persons present]: Bill Gadzuk, Jim Filliben, Hans Oser, Ron Boisvert, Jeffrey Fong (via phone), Barbara Uglik (via written word), Kristen Frederick-Frost.
No full textDr. Joan Rosenblatt had a distinguished career at NBS as a mathematician/statistician, chief of Statistical Engineering in the Center for Applied Math, and Director of the Computing and Applied Math Lab
(Transcript) Oral history interview of Dan Shechtman, June 17, 2015/ [persons present]: J. William (Bill) Gadzuk, Bob Shull, Mark Stiles, Jim Schooley, Frank Biancaniello, Steve Ridder, Kristen Frederick-Frost
No full textOral history interview of Dr. Dan Shechtman conducted at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, Maryland on June 17, 2015. Dr. Shechtman, the Phillip Tobias Professor of Materials Science at the Technion in Haifa, Israel, and 2011 Nobel Laureate in chemistry for the discovery of quasicrystals, was on sabbatical from the Technion at the National Bureau of Standards, now the National Institute of Standards and Technology, in 1982 when he made his discovery
List of names Mentioned in Oral history interview of John (Jack) J. Rush, September 24, 2015
No full textOral history interview of Dr. Jack Rush, neutron-centric physical chemist/condensed matter physicist par excellence and former leader of neutron scattering research at the National Institute of Standards and Technology until 2005 where he was a NIST Senior Fellow. Since then he has remained active at the Center for Neutron Research, effectively as a Scientist Emeritus
Revision of the NIST Standard for 223Ra: New Measurements and Review of 2008 Data
No full textAfter discovering a discrepancy in the transfer standard currently being disseminated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), we have performed a new primary standardization of the alpha-emitter 223Ra using Live-timed Anticoincidence Counting (LTAC) and the Triple-to-Double Coincidence Ratio Method (TDCR). Additional confirmatory measurements were made with the CIEMAT-NIST efficiency tracing method (CNET) of liquid scintillation counting, integral γ-ray counting using a NaI(Tl) well counter, and several High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detectors in an attempt to understand the origin of the discrepancy and to provide a correction. The results indicate that a −9.5 % difference exists between activity values obtained using the former transfer standard relative to the new primary standardization. During one of the experiments, a 2 % difference in activity was observed between dilutions of the 223Ra master solution prepared using the composition used in the original stan
A Simple and Fast Spline Filtering Algorithm for Surface Metrology
No full textSpline filters and their corresponding robust filters are commonly used filters recommended in ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) standards for surface evaluation. Generally, these linear and non-linear spline filters, composed of symmetric,
positive-definite matrices, are solved in an iterative fashion based on a Cholesky decomposition. They have been demonstrated to be relatively efficient, but complicated and inconvenient to implement. A new spline-filter algorithm is proposed by means of the discrete cosine transform or the discrete Fourier transform. The algorithm is conceptually simple and very convenient to implement