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Karl G. Kessler
No full textKARL G. KESSLER
NBS/NIST 1948 ‑ 1990
Birth: August 21, 1919, Hamburg, Germany
Death: July 7, 1997, Bethesda, Maryland
Education:
University of Michigan degrees in physics: BA, 1941; MS, 1942; PhD, 1947
Principal field:
Atomic spectroscopy, atomic physics, standard wavelengths, interferometry, standards of length
Positions held at NBS/NIST:
Physicist
Chief, Spectroscopy Section
Chief, Atomic Physics Division
Chief, Optical Physics Division
Director, Center for Absolute Physical Quantities
Director, Center for Basic Standards
Associate Director for International and Academic Programs
Post‑retirement: President, NBS/NIST Standards Alumni Association
Honors:
U.S. Department of Commerce Gold Medal, 1962
NBS Publications Award, 1960
NBS Special Achievement Awards, 1968, 1971, 1977
NBS Allen V. Astin Measurement Science Award, 1984
Optical Society of America Distinguished Service Award, 1984
Elected to Phi Beta Kappa and Sigma Xi
Memberships:
American Physical Society (Fellow)
Optical Society of America (Fellow; President)
American Astronomical Society
American Association for the Advancement of Science
International Astronomical Union
Washington Academy of Sciences
Philosophical Society of Washington
Publications:
Author of many scientific papers; credited with helping to develop a device to accurately measure distances using ultraviolet light
George A. Uriano
No full textGEORGE A. URIANO
NBS/NIST: 1961 - 1995
Birth: December 5, 1939, Waterbury, Connecticut
EDUCATION:
University of Connecticut degrees in physics: BA, 1961; MS, 1962
PRINCIPAL FIELDS:
Solid state physics, metrology, technology and business planning
POSITIONS HELD AT NBS/NIST:
Research Physicist, Magnetic Measurements/Solid State Physics Sections
Scientific Assistant to the Director, Institute for Materials Research
Deputy Director, Office of Standard Reference Materials
Director, Office of Standard Reference Materials
Director, Measurement Services
Deputy Director, Office of Standard Services
Scientific Assistant to the director, National Measurement Laboratory
Director, Advanced Technology Program
HONORS:
U.S. Department of Commerce: Silver Medal, 1978; Gold Medal, 1992
NBS Rosa Award, 1986
Meritorious Senior Executive Award from President Ronald Reagan
Distinguished Senior Executive Award from President George Bush
NIST Uriano Award for technological contributions to industrial cooperative incentives established in 1996
Elected to Phi Beta Kappa
MEMBERSHIPS:
National Conference of Standards Laboratories (Board of Directors)
American Physical Society
American Chemical Society
American Association for the Advancement of Science
NBS/NIST Standards Alumni Association
PUBLICATIONS:
Numerous papers, review articles and book chapters in the area of nuclear magnetic resonance, metrology, physical and chemical standards, clinical and environmental standards, quality control, technology and business development. Also authored a report on the 1986 Space Shuttle
Challenger Accident, published by the U.S. House of Representatives Science Committee
A Unique Institution: The National Bureau of Standards, 1950-1969 (Bibliographic Note and References)
No full textA Unique Institution: The National Bureau of Standards, 1950-1969 (SP925) by Elio Passaglia chronicles the expansion of National Bureau of Standards (NBS) to Boulder, Colo., and the relocation of the main site from downtown Washington, DC to Gaithersburg, Md. The NBS encountered tremendous challenges during this period. When faced with extreme outside pressure, its technical integrity remained intact
A Unique Institution: Chapter One. The National Bureau of Standards at Mid-Century
No full textA Unique Institution: The National Bureau of Standards, 1950-1969 (SP925) by Elio Passaglia chronicles the expansion of National Bureau of Standards (NBS) to Boulder, Colo., and the relocation of the main site from downtown Washington, DC to Gaithersburg, Md. The NBS encountered tremendous challenges during this period. When faced with extreme outside pressure, its technical integrity remained intact
James R. Wright
No full textJAMES R. WRIGHT
Inducted: 1999
Citation:
For leading the growth of the Building Research Division, creating the Center for Building Technology, and acting to improve management skills in NBS
Tenure: 1960 - 1985
Birth: 1922, White Hall, Maryland
Education:
Salisbury State University, BSEd, 1946
Washington College, BS, 1948
University of Delaware: MS, 1949; PhD, 1951
Positions held:
Chief, Building Research Division
Director, Center for Building Technology
Deputy Director, Acting Director, Institute for Applied Technology
Deputy Director, National Engineering Laboratory
Honors:
U.S. Department of Commerce: Scientific and Technology Fellowship, 1964; Gold Medal, 1975
U.S. Senior Executive Service Charter Membership, 1979
Elected to Sigma Xi
Memberships:
American Chemical Society (Emeritus Member)
American Institute of Chemists (Fellow)
International Union of Laboratories for Research & Testing on Materials and Structures (RILEM) (President; Honorary Member)
American Association for the Advancement of Science
Society of Plastics Engineers, U.S. National Committee
National Research Council Building Research Advisory Board, (NBS Representative)
American Society for Testing and Materials (Board of Directors)
Publications:
Many scientific and technical papers; numerous industrial research papers; 26 U.S. and foreign patents
(Audio Part 2 of 2) Oral history interview of Marilyn E. Jacox, February 18, 1998 / by Karmal Beal
No full textMarilyn Jacox discussses the many awards she received in her NBS/NIST career. The awards include: Utica College Outstanding Alumnus Award, Physical Sciences Award from the Washington Academy of Sciences, the Department of Commerce Gold Medal Award, the Federal Woman's Award, the Stratton Award (with Dick Milligan) for ion studies, the Lippincott Award, The Hillebrand Prize of the Chemical Society of Washington, the WISE Lifetime Achievement Award (which requires the recepient to do something of sustained importance to the status of women), the Syracuse University honorary ScD. Marilyn also talks about the changes she observed in the organizational structure of NBS/NIST during her career. Jacox recalls the 1964 reorganization, her time as Section Chief of Photochemistry and the 1991 reorganization of John Lyons
Marilyn Jacox (1998)
No full textMarilyn Esther Jacox (1929-2013) was a physical chemist at NIST from 1962-2013, and an internationally recognized leader in the field of molecular spectroscopy, authoring more than 200 widely-cited scientific publications. She and longtime NIST collaborator Dolphus Milligan made pioneering spectral measurements that led to the development of comprehensive spectral databases
Degradation of GaAs/AlGaAs quantized Hall resistors with alloyed AuGe/Ni contacts
No full textCareful testing over a period of 6 years of a number of GaAs/AlGaAs quantized Hall resistors (QHR) made with alloyed AuGe/Ni contacts, both with and without passivating silicon nitride coatings, has resulted in the identification of important mechanisms responsible for degradation in the performance of the devices as resistance standards: Covering the contacts with a film, such as a low-temperature silicon nitride, that is impervious to humidity and other contaminants in the atmosphere prevents the contacts from degrading. The devices coated with silicon nitride used in this study, however, showed the effects of a conducting path in parallel with the 2-dimensional electron gas (2-DEG) at temperatures above 1.1 K which interferes with their use as resistance standards. Several possible causes of this parallel conduction are evaluated. On the basis of this work, two methods are proposed for protecting QHR devices with alloyed AuGe/Ni contacts from degradation: the heterostructure can be left unpassivated, but the alloyed contacts can be completely covered with a very thick (> 3 micro-m) coating of gold; or the GaAs cap layer can be carefully etched away after alloying the contacts and prior to depositing a passivating silicon nitride coating over the entire sample. Of the two, the latter is more challenging to effect, but preferable because both the contacts and the heterostructure are protected from corrosion and oxidation
