NIST Digital Archives
Not a member yet
149436 research outputs found
Sort by
President Bill Clinton and Secretary of Commerce William Daley at the podium with the National Quality Award winners
No full textThis image is part of the Malcolm Baldrige Portrait File collection. The Malcolm Baldrige File collection contains photographs of the annual national award given by the President of the United States for industrial excellence. The award was named for Secretary of Commerce Malcolm Baldrige who died in 1987. The collection also includes photographs of the Malcolm 'Mac' Baldrige National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Ship
William L. McLaughlin
No full textWILLIAM L. McLAUGHLIN
NBS/NIST: 1951 ‑ 1996
Birth: March 30, 1928, Stony Point, Tennessee
Death: October 26, 2005
Education:
Hampden‑Sydney College, BS (Physics), 1949
George Washington University, MS (Physics), 1963
Principal fields:
Radiation physics; optoelectronics
Positions held at NBS/NIST:
Project Leader, Radiation Physics Division
Project Leader, Center for Radiation Research
Post‑retirement: Scientist Emeritus and Honorary Fellow, Physics Laboratory
Honors:
U.S. Department of Commerce: Silver Medal, 1969; Gold Medal, 1979
Federal Laboratory Consortium Technology Transfer Award, 1984
NBS Applied Research Award, 1985
American Nuclear Society Radiation Science & Technology Award, 1987
Research & Development 100 Awards, 1988, 1990, 2000
Ninth International Radiation Processing Award for Research Science, 1994
Elsevier Science Journal of Applied Radiation and Isotopes (JARI) Gold medal, 1995
Memberships:
Society for Imaging Science and Technology (Board of Directors)
American Nuclear Society
American Physical Society
Optical Society of America
Health Physics Society
Radiation Research Society
American Society for Testing and Materials
Publications:
Author of many scientific papers and book chapters in the fields of radiation physics and chemistry, spectrometry, imaging processes, fiber optics sensors, and medical physics; editor of
International Journal of Applied Radiation and Isotopes and Radiation Physics and Chemistry; author of Manual of Food Irradiation and Dosimetry, IAEA, 1977, 2000; and Dosimetry for Radiation and Processing, Taylor and Francis, 1989
Optical Telescope for High Speed Quantum Encryption
No full textThis optical telescope was part of a system used by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) from 2002-2005 for research on high-speed quantum key distribution. Quantum key distribution systems transmit a stream of individual photons that generate a verifiably secret key used to encrypt a sent message. With this system NIST was able to send quantum encrypted messages at a rate of one million bits per second (bps), about 100 times faster than previously existing systems. An encrypted compressed steaming video signal was sent 730 meters through open air between the NIST Administration Building (Building 101) and NIST North, a leased office building adjacent to the main NIST Gaithersburg campus. This is thought to be the first �broadband quantum encryption� system
John A. Simpson
No full textJohn A. Simpson
Inducted: 1999
Citation: For metrological research and for creativity and innovation in developing a unique computer-controlled research facility for studying fully automated manufacturing.
Tenure: 1948-1993
Birth: 1923, Toronto, Canada
Death: 2011
Education:
Lehigh University, degrees in physics: BS, 1946; MS, 1948; PhD, 1953
Positions held:
Physicist, Supervisory Physicist and Chief, Electron Physics Section, Atomic Physics Division
Chief, Electron Physics Section, Atomic and Molecular Physics Division
Deputy Chief, Optical Physics Division
Acting Chief, Mechanics Division
Director, Center for Manufacturing Engineering, Center for Mechanical Engineering and Process Technology
Director, Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory
Honors:
U. S. Department of Commerce Gold Medal, 1975
NBS Applied Research Award, 1980
NBS Allen V. Astin Measurement Science Award, 1984
Senior Executive Service, Distinguished Executive Award, 1985
American Machinist Award, 1986
Elected to Sigma Xi
Memberships:
American Physical Society (Fellow)
National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council
National Academy of Engineering
Publications:
Author of many scientific and technical publications
Conference Report: OVERVIEW OF THE FEDERAL TECHNICAL STANDARDS CONFERENCE, Washington, DC, August 4-6, 1998
No full textTOWARD A NATIONAL STANDARDS STRATEGY TO MEET GLOBAL NEEDS, Gaithersburg, MD, September 23, 1998
No full textEstimation of concentration and bonding environment of water dissolved in common solvents using near infrared absorptivity
No full textIntegrated near infrared (NIR) absorbance has been used to determine the absorptivity of the upsilon(2) + upsilon(3) combination band of the asymmetric stretch (upsilon(2)) and the bending vibration (upsilon(3)) for water in several organic solvents. Absorptivity measured in this way is essentially constant across the absorption envelope and is found to be 336 L mol(-1) cm(-1) with a standard deviation of 4 L mol(-1) cm(-1) as estimated from a least squares fit of a straight line to data from water concentrations between 0.01 mol/L and 0.06 mol/L. Absorptivity measured from the peak maximum of the upsilon(2) + upsilon(3) combination band of water varies with the type of hydrogen bonding of the water molecule because the shape of the NIR absorption envelope changes with the hydrogen bonding. Because the integrated NIR absorptivity of the upsilon(2) + upsilon(3) combination band of water is essentially constant across the absorption envelope, the NIR absorption envelope reflects the distribution of hydrogen bonding of the water. The shape and location of the absorption envelope appear to be governed mostly by the number of hydrogen bonds from the water molecules to easily polarized atoms. Water that is a donor in hydrogen bonds to atoms which are not easily polarized (such as the oxygen of a typical carbonyl group) absorbs near 5240 cm(-1) to 5260 cm(-1). Water that donates one hydrogen bond to an easily polarized atom (such as a water molecule oxygen) absorbs near 5130 cm(-1) to 5175 cm(-1), and water that donates two hydrogen bonds to easily polarized atoms is estimated to absorb near 5000 cm(-1) to 5020 cm(-1). Water donating two hydrogen bonds to other water molecules may be said to be in a water-like environment. In no case does a small amount of water absorbed in a host material appear to have a water-like environment
Formulation of multiple diffraction by trees and buildings for radio propagation predictions for local multipoint distribution service
No full textThis paper presents a closed-form expression for multiple forward diffraction by rows of tree canopies and buildings applicable to the propagation predictions at centimeter and millimeter wavelengths for local multipoint distribution service (LMDS). The expression is derived from the uniform geometrical theory of diffraction and physical optics, as well as from some existing models for vegetation and buildings. When the transmitter antennas are sufficiently high, the attenuation of the buildings varies around the value of free space and the building effect is negligible, because a line-of-sight (LOS) propagation path between transmitter and over building-rooftop receiver antennas exists and plays a major role. The tree canopies which extend above the building rooftop heights block the LOS propagation path and cause additional signal attenuation. An existing study of the LMDS radio channel based on measurements came to the same conclusion. The attenuation effect of the buildings is significant if the transmitter antennas are not high enough
A conceptual data model of datum systems
No full textA new conceptual data model that addresses the geometric dimensioning and tolerancing concepts of datum systems, datums, datum features, datum targets, and the relationships among these concepts, is presented. Additionally, a portion of a and the relationships among these concepts, related data model, Part 47 of STEP (ISO 10303-47), is reviewed and a comparison is made between it and the new conceptual data model