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KEITH R. LYKKE
No full textKEITH R. LYKKE
TENURE AT NBS/NIST: 1997–2016
INDUCTED into the NIST Gallery of Distinguished Scientists, Engineers, and Administrators: 2020
Birth: 1956, Harlan, Iowa
Death: 2016, Gaithersburg, Maryland
EDUCATION:
University of Nebraska, BS (Chemistry), 1979
University of Colorado, PhD (Chemical Physics), 1987
CITATION: For revolutionizing absolute radiometric calibration methods and increasing the accuracy of
measurements relevant to long-term global climate change and daily weather forecasting
POSITIONS HELD AT NBS/NIST:
Research Chemist, Optical Sensor Group, Optical Technology Division, Physics Laboratory (PL), 1997-1998
Leader, Optical Sensor Group, Optical Technology Division, PL, 1998-2003
Leader, Laser Applications Group, Optical Technology Division, PL/Physical Measurement Laboratory (PML), 2003-2011
Leader, Laser Applications Group, Sensor Science Division, PML, 2011-2016
HONORS:
Arthur S. Flemming Award (2005)
U.S. Department of Commerce Gold Medal (2010)
National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency Unit Citation Award (2013)
NIST Bronze Medal (2015)
U.S. Department of Commerce Silver Medal (2016)
NASA Goddard Group Achievement Award (2017)
MEMBERSHIPS:
Council for Optical Radiation Measurements
Local Advisory Committee for NEWRAD 2002
Representative to DoD Calibration Coordination Group (CCG) in the area of electro-optics
PUBLICATIONS:
More than 155 publications and three patents including:
Rahn, R.O., Stefan, M.I., Bolton, J.R., Goren, E., Shaw, P-S., and Lykke, K.R., “Quantum Yield of the Iodide-Iodate Chemical Actinometer: Dependence on Wavelength and Concentration”, Photochemistry and Photobiology, 78, 146-152 (2003)
Brown, S.W., Eppeldauer, G.P., and Lykke, K.R., “Facility for Spectral Irradiance and Radiance Responsivity Calibrations Using Uniform Sources”, Applied Optics, 45, 8218-8237 (2006)
Tonry, J. L., Stubbs, C. W., Lykke, K. R., et al., “The Pan-STARRS1 Photometric System”, The Astrophysical Journal, 750, No. 99 (2012)
Korngut, P.M., et al., “The Cosmic Infrared Background Experiment (CIBER): The Narrow-Band Spectrometer”, The Astrophysical Journal, 207, No. 34 (2013
RF Dataset of Incumbent Radar Signals in the 3.5 GHz CBRS Band
No full textThis Radio Frequency (RF) dataset consists of synthetically generated waveforms of incumbent 3.5 GHz radar systems. The intended use of the dataset is for developing and evaluating detectors for the 3.5 GHz Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) or similar bands where the primary users of the band are Federal radar systems. The dataset can be used for developing and testing radar detection algorithms using machine learning/deep learning techniques. The algorithm aims to detect whether the radar signal is present or absent regardless of the signal type. The target signals have a variety of modulation types and parameters chosen from wide ranges. In addition, the start time and the center frequency of the radar signals are randomized in the waveform. The variety of signals and their random parameters makes the detection problem more challenging when using non-naive (e.g., energy detector is a naive signal detector) classical signal processing techniques
Dielectric Properties of NbxW1-xSe2 Alloys
No full textThe growth of transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) alloys provides an opportunity to experimentally access information elucidating how optical properties change with gradual substitutions in the lattice compared with their pure compositions. In this work, we performed growths of alloyed crystals with stoichiometric compositions between pure forms of NbSe2 and WSe2, followed by an optical analysis of those alloys by utilizing Raman spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry
David J. Wineland
No full textDAVID J. WINELAND NBS/NIST: (Boulder) 1975-2017
INDUCTED: 2019
Birth: 1944, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin
EDUCATION:
University of California, Berkeley, BA (Physics), 1965 Harvard University, MA (Physics), 1966
Harvard University, PhD (Physics), 1970
CITATION: For decades of scientific innovation and leadership in developing trapped ions into a leading platform for atomic clocks and quantum information processing, as recognized by the 2012 Nobel Prize in Physics.
POSITIONS HELD AT NBS/NIST:
Physicist, Time and Frequency Division, Center for Absolute Physical Quantities, National Measurement
Laboratory, 1975-1979
Project Leader, Ion Storage Group, Time and Frequency Division, Physics Laboratory/Physical Measurement
Laboratory, 1979-2017
NBS/NIST Fellow, 1988-2017
HONORS:
Edward Uhler Condon Award (1979, 1985, 2001, and 2011)
U.S. Department of Commerce Silver Medal (1980)
U.S. Department of Commerce Gold Medal (1985)
Fellow, American Physical Society (1987)
Samuel Wesley Stratton Award (1989 and 2003)
NBS Fellow (1988)
OSA Fellow (1990), William F. Meggers Award (OSA) (1990), Frederick Ives Medal (OSA) (2004), and
Herbert Walther Award (OSA) (2009)
Election to National Academy of Sciences (1992)
IEEE, I.I. Rabi Award (1998)
National Medal of Science and Engineering (2007)
Benjamin Franklin Medal in Physics (2010)
Nobel Prize in Physics (2012)
MEMBERSHIPS:
American Physical Society, Optical Society of America, Sigma Xi
PUBLICATIONS:
More than 300 publications and one patent:
Wineland, D.J., Drullinger, R.E., and Walls, F.L., "Radiation-pressure Cooling of Bound Resonant Absorbers",
Phys. Rev. Lett. 40 (25), 1639 (1978)
Bergquist, J.C., Itano, W.M., and Wineland D.J., "Recoilless Optical Absorption and Doppler Sidebands of a
Single Trapped Ion", Phys. Rev. A 36, 428 (1987)
Monroe, C., Meekhof, D.M., King, B.E., Itano, W.M., and Wineland, D.J., "Demonstration of a Fundamental
Quantum Logic Gate", Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 (25), 4714 (1995)
Monroe, C., Meekhof, D.M., King, B.E., and Wineland, D.J., "A ‘Schrödinger Cat’ Superposition State of an Atom", Science 272 (5265), 1131-1136 (1996)
Bollinger, J.J., Itano, W.M., Wineland, D.J., and Heinzen, D.J., "Optimal Frequency Measurements with
Maximally Correlated States", Phys. Rev. A 54 (6), R4649 (1996)
Rosenband, T., Hume, D.B., Schmidt, P.O., Chou, C.W., …, Itano, W.M., Wineland, D.J., and Bergquist, J.C., "Frequency Ratio of Al+ and Hg+ Single-Ion Optical Clocks; Metrology at the 17th Decimal Place", Science 319 (5871), 1808-1812 (2008
Variation of Surface Topography in Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing of Nickel Super Alloy 625
No full textThis document provides details on the files available for download in the dataset "Variation of Surface Topography in Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Nickel Super Alloy 625." The following sections provide details on the experiments, methods, and data files. The experiment detailed in this document methodically varies part position and surface orientation relative to the build plate and relative to the recoater blade. This dataset provides surface height data for analysis and development of correlations by the greater research community
Laboratory Information Management Systems for Electron Microscopy: Evaluation of the 4CeeD Data Curation Platform
No full textAn evaluation of the feasibility and the requirements associated with a facility-wide deployment of a laboratory information management system (LIMS) at an electron microscopy facility was conducted. 4CeeD, an open-source LIMS, was selected for the focus study. This report summarizes data infrastructure prerequisites, critical and desirable features, and lessons learned from using and interacting with 4CeeD, and broader LIMS adoption recommendations for this facility
Proceedings of the First Workshop on Standards for Microfluidics
No full textIn the last two decades, the microfluidics/lab-on-a-chip field has evolved from the concept of micro total analysis systems, where systems with integrated pretreatment and analysis of chemicals were envisioned, to what is known today as lab-on-a-chip, which is expected to be modular. This field has shown great potential for the development of technologies that can make, and to some extent are making, a big difference in areas such as in vitro diagnostics, point of care testing, organ on a chip, and many more. Microfluidics plays an essential role in these systems, and determining the standards needed in this area is critical for enabling new markets and products, and to advance research and development. Our goal was to bring together stakeholders from industry, academia, and government to discuss and define the needs within the field for the development of standards. This publication contains a summary of the workshop, abstracts from each presentation, and a summary of the breakout sessions from the National Institute of Standards and Technology Workshop on Standards for Microfluidics, held on June 1-2, 2017. The workshop was attended by 46 persons from 26 organizations and 11 countries. This was a unique and exciting opportunity for stakeholders from all over the world to join in the discussion of future developments towards standardization in the microfluidics arena
Practical Guide to the Design, Fabrication, and Calibration of NIST Nanocalorimeters
No full textWe report here on the design, fabrication, and calibration of nanocalorimeter sensors used in the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Nanocalorimetry Measurements Project. These small-scale thermal analysis instruments are produced using silicon microfabrication approaches. A single platinum line serves as both the heater and temperature sensor, and it is made from a 500 gm wide, 100 nm thick platinum trace, suspended on a 100 nm thick silicon nitride membrane for thermal isolation. Supplemental materials to this article (available online) include drawing files and LabVIEW code used in the fabrication and calibration process
Stress Measurements in Alumina by Optical Fluorescence: Revisited
No full textStress measurements in single-crystal and polycrystalline alumina are revisited using a recently developed optical fluorescence energy shift method. The method simultaneously utilizes the R-1 and R-2 Cr-related ruby line shifts in alumina to determine two components of the stress tensor in crystallographic coordinates, independent of the intended or assumed stress state. Measurements from a range of experimental conditions, including high-pressure, shock, quasi-static, and bulk polycrystals containing thermal expansion anisotropy effects, are analyzed. In many cases, the new analysis suggests stress states and stress magnitudes significantly different from those inferred previously, particularly for shock experiments. An implication is that atomistic models relating stress state to fluorescence shift require significant refinement for use in materials-based residual stress distribution analyses. Conversely, the earliest measurements of fluorescence in polycrystalline alumina are shown to be consistent with recent detailed measurements of stress equilibrium and dispersion
Calibration
No full textIn the context of chemical metrology, calibration is the process of relating a known quantity of an analyte to the corresponding measured instrumental response through a mathematical relationship. Calibration permits the assignment of analyte levels in unknown samples based on the known levels of the calibrants. Details of the calibration model are important to achieve accurate results. Several common approaches are used in calibrating methods. Most frequently, calibration models are based on linear instrumental response, with mathematical models that include zero intercept, fixed intercept, unconstrained (fitted), and bracketed models. When instrumental response is nonlinear, a linear model may still provide accurate results if the calibration range is sufficiently limited. This presentation will provide an overview and application of various calibration models, with recommendations of ways to improve measurement accuracy. Examples are presented that illustrate advantages and disadvantages for each of these models as applied to low level samples and to unknowns with levels that span several orders of magnitude