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Karen Brown (Acting NIST Director, 2000-2001) at NIST 2001 Centennial History and Reunion Day
No full textNIST held a number of events to mark its centennial celebration in March 2001. The NIST History and Centennial Symposium-Reunion Day for NIST staff and alumni was held on March 5 AT NIST Boulder and NIST Gaithersburg, pictured here. This image is part of the NIST 2001 Centennial collection. The NIST 2001 Centennial collection consists of images of various celebrations of the 100th anniversary of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), previously known as the National Bureau of Standards
Karen Brown (Acting NIST Director, 2000-2001) at NIST 2001 Centennial History and Reunion Day
No full textNIST held a number of events to mark its centennial celebration in March 2001. The NIST History and Centennial Symposium-Reunion Day for NIST staff and alumni was held on March 5 AT NIST Boulder and NIST Gaithersburg, pictured here. This image is part of the NIST 2001 Centennial collection. The NIST 2001 Centennial collection consists of images of various celebrations of the 100th anniversary of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), previously known as the National Bureau of Standards
Photo of Arati Prabhakar (NIST Director, 1993-1997) and other attendees of the the NIST 2001 Centennial Gala (film strip 4)
No full textColor, includes photo of Arati Prabhakar NIST Director, 1993-1997. NIST hosted a number of celebratory events to mark the 100th anniversary of its founding. The NIST Centennial Gala was held on March 6, 2001. The evening's program included remarks by US Secretary of Commerce Donald Evans
Karen Brown, NIST Acting Director and others at the NIST 2001 Centennial Gala - one of a number of celebratory events to mark the 100th anniversary of its founding (film strip 3)
No full textColor, includes photos of Karen Brown, NIST Acting Director. NIST hosted a number of celebratory events to mark the 100th anniversary of its founding. The NIST Centennial Gala was held on March 6, 2001. The evening's program included remarks by US Secretary of Commerce Donald Evans. This image is part of the NIST 2001 Centennial collection. The NIST 2001 Centennial collection includes images of various celebrations of the 100th anniversary of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), previously known as the National Bureau of Standards
Karen Brown with time capsule at the grand opening of the Lobby and Information Center during the NIST 2001 Centennial
No full textNIST celebrated the grand opening of its Lobby and Information Center during its March 2001 Centennial Celebration. Attendees at the opening included Acting NIST Director Karen Brown, NIST staff, alumni, and guests. This image is part of the NIST 2001 Centennial collection. The NIST 2001 Centennial collection includes images of various celebrations of the 100th anniversary of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), previously known as the National Bureau of Standards
Karen Brown with time capsule at the grand opening of the Lobby and Information Center during the NIST 2001 Centennial
No full textNIST celebrated the grand opening of its Lobby and Information Center during its March 2001 Centennial Celebration. Attendees at the opening included Acting NIST Director Karen Brown, NIST staff, alumni, and guests. This image is part of the NIST 2001 Centennial collection. The NIST 2001 Centennial collection includes images of various celebrations of the 100th anniversary of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), previously known as the National Bureau of Standards
Connie Morella (State Rep. MD) and Karen Brown (Acting NIST Director) at NIST 2001 Centennial History and Reunion Day, alternate view
No full textNIST held a number of events to mark its centennial celebration in March 2001. The NIST History and Centennial Symposium-Reunion Day for NIST staff and alumni was held on March 5 AT NIST Boulder and NIST Gaithersburg, pictured here. This image is part of the NIST 2001 Centennial collection. The NIST 2001 Centennial collection consists of images of various celebrations of the 100th anniversary of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), previously known as the National Bureau of Standards
Barbara Silcox, Group Leader of the Research Library and Information Program, Office of Information Services (L) at NIST 2001 Centennial History and Reunion Day
No full textNIST held a number of events to mark its centennial celebration in March 2001. The NIST History and Centennial Symposium-Reunion Day for NIST staff and alumni was held on March 5 AT NIST Boulder and NIST Gaithersburg, pictured here. This image is part of the NIST 2001 Centennial collection. The NIST 2001 Centennial collection consists of images of various celebrations of the 100th anniversary of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), previously known as the National Bureau of Standards
Treasure of the Past VII: Measurement of the thickness and refractive index of very thin films and the optical properties of surfaces by ellipsometry
No full textThe use of the ellipsometer for the measurement of the thickness and refractive index of very thin films is reviewed. The Poincare sphere representation of the state of polarization of light is developed and used to describe the reflection process. Details of the operation of the ellipsometer are examined critically. A computational method is presented by which the thickness of a film of known refractive index on a reflecting substrate of known optical constants may be calculated directly from the ellipsometer readings. A method for computing both the refractive index and thickness of an unknown film is also developed. These methods have been applied to the determination of the thickness of an absorbed water layer on chromium ferrotype plates and on gold surfaces. In the former case the thickness was 23 to 27 Angstrom, and in the latter was 2 to 5 Angstrom. The measurement of the thickness and refractive index of barium fluoride films evaporated on chromium ferrotype surfaces is used as an illustration of the simultaneous determination of these two quantities
The Kelvin and temperature measurements
No full textThe International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) is defined from 0.65 K upwards to the highest temperature measurable by spectral radiation thermometry, the radiation thermometry being based on the Planck radiation law. When it was developed, the ITS-90 represented thermodynamic temperatures as closely as possible. Part I of this paper describes the realization of contact thermometry up to 1234.93 K, the temperature range in which the ITS-90 is defined in terms of calibration of thermometers at 15 fixed points and vapor pressure/temperature relations which are phase equilibrium states of pure substances. The realization is accomplished by using fixed-point devices, containing samples of the highest available purity, and suitable temperature-controlled environments. All components are constructed to achieve the defining equilibrium states of the samples for the calibration of thermometers. The high quality of the temperature realization and measurements is well documented. Various research efforts are described, including research to improve the uncertainty in thermodynamic temperatures by measuring the velocity of sound in gas up to 800 K, research in applying noise thermometry techniques, and research on thermocouples. Thermometer calibration services and high-purity samples and devices suitable for "on- site" thermometer calibration that are available to the thermometry community are described. Part II of the paper describes the realization of temperature above 1234.93 K for which the ITS-90 is defined in terms of the calibration of spectroradiometers using reference blackbody sources that are at the temperature of the equilibrium liquid-solid phase transition of pure silver, gold, or copper. The realization of temperature from absolute spectral or total radiometry over the temperature range from about 60 K to 3000 K is also described. The dissemination of the temperature scale using radiation thermometry from NIST to the customer is achieved by calibration of blackbody sources, tungsten-strip lamps, and pyrometers. As an example of the research efforts in absolute radiometry, which impacts the NIST spectral irradiance and radiance scales, results with filter radiometers and a high-temperature blackbody are summarized