NIST Digital Archives
Not a member yet
149436 research outputs found
Sort by
Oral History of Judah Levine - June 29, 2021
No full textJudah Levine discusses his involvement in the Poor Man mine located west of Boulder, CO. Dr. Levine joined the NBS-University of Colorado Joint Institute of Laboratory Astrophysics (JILA) as a postdoc in 1967, and then was hired at the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) in 1969. He is currently a Fellow at NIST and is the leader of the Network Synchronization Project in the Time and Frequency Division. He describes the laser interferometer that was built in a shaft of the Poor Man mine and explains its history and its use as an early earth-level strain meter. He further discusses his involvement with the geophysical community resulting from his early work in the mine. The interview was conducted by William Kirchhoff and John Lowe
Generative Adversarial Network Performance in Low-Dimensional Settings
No full textA generative adversarial network (GAN) is an artifcial neural network with a distinctive training architecture, designed to create examples that faithfully reproduce a target distribution. GANs have recently had particular success in applications involving high-dimensional distributions in areas such as image processing. Little work has been reported for low dimensions, where properties of GANs may be better identifed and understood. We studied GAN performance in simulated low-dimensional settings, allowing us to transparently assess effects of target distribution complexity and training data sample size on GAN performance in a simple experiment. This experiment revealed two important forms of GAN error, tail underflling and bridge bias, where the latter is analogous to the tunneling observed in high-dimensional GANs
Optical Power Scale Realization by Laser Calorimeter after 45 Years of Operation
No full textTo calibrate laser power and energy meters, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses several detector-based realizations of the scale for optical radiant flux; these realizations are appropriate for specific laser power/energy ranges and optical coupling configurations. Calibrations from 1 mu W to 2 W are currently based upon calorimeters. Validation by comparisons against other primary representations of the optical watt over the last two decades suggests the instruments operate well within their typical reported uncertainty level of 0.86 % with 95 % confidence. The dominant uncertainty contribution in the instrument is attributable to light scattered by the legacy window, which was not previously recognized. The inherent electro-optical inequivalence in the calorimeter's response was reassessed by thermal modeling to be 0.03 %. The principal contributions to the overall inequivalence were corrected, yielding a shift in scale representation under 0.2 % for typical calibrations. With updates in several uncertainty contributions resulting from this reassessment, the resulting combined expanded uncertainty (k = 2) is 0.84 %, which is essentially unchanged from the previous result provided to calibration customers
Coverage Intervals
No full textSince coverage intervals are widely used expressions of measurement uncertainty, this contribution reviews coverage intervals as defned in the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM), and compares them against the principal types of probabilistic intervals that are commonly used in applied statistics and in measurement science. Although formally identical to conventional confdence intervals for means, the GUM interprets coverage intervals more as if they were Bayesian credible intervals, or tolerance intervals. We focus, in particular, on a common misunderstanding about the intervals derived from the results of the Monte Carlo method of the GUM Supplement 1 (GUM-S1), and offer a novel interpretation for these intervals that we believe will foster realistic expectations about what they can deliver, and how and when they can be useful in practice
Perspectives and Recommendations Regarding Standards for Ultraviolet-C Whole-Room Disinfection in Healthcare
No full textPatient well-being must be the driving force for determining standards for disinfection systems based on ultraviolet-C (UV-C) radiation. Reductions of inoculated bacteria on carriers is the optimal method of validating a UV-C�emitting system. We make specific, evidence-based recommendations regarding room description, organism selection, carrier material, quantity, orientations, and locations. Criteria for a satisfactory performance are discussed. Adoption of these requirements will ensure that devices intended for room disinfection provide the greatest chances for prevention of environmentally derived healthcare-associated infections
W. TIMOTHY POLK
No full textNBS/NIST: 1982–2018
INDUCTED: 2021
B: 1962, Valley Forge, Pennsylvania
EDUCATION:
University of Maryland, BS (Computer Science), 1985
University of Maryland, BS (Electrical Engineering), 1986
CITATION: For technical contributions and standards leadership to give the Internet much-needed security
POSITIONS HELD AT NBS/NIST:
Computer Scientist Trainee, Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology (ICST), 1982-1986
Computer Scientist, Systems and Software Technology Division, ICST, 1986-1988
Computer Scientist, Computer Security Division (CSD), Computer Systems Laboratory/Information Technology Laboratory (ITL), 1988-2005
Supervisor, Cryptographic Technology Group, CSD, ITL, 2005-2011
Group Leader, Cryptographic Technology Group, CSD, ITL, 2011-2012
Detail to the Office of Science and Technology Policy, 2012-2017
Internet Standards Liaison, National Cybersecurity Center of Excellence, 2017-2018
HONORS:
NIST Bronze Medal (1997)
U.S. Department of Commerce Gold Medals (2007 and 2011)
MEMBERSHIPS:
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
IETF Public Key Infrastructure using X.509 (PKIX) Working Group co-chair
IETF Security Area Director
PUBLICATIONS:
More than 50 publications including:
Housley, R., Ford, W., Polk, W., and Solo, D., “Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and CRL Profile”, RFC 2459, IETF Network Working Group (1999)
Housley, R. and Polk, T., Planning for PKI: Best Practices Guide for Deploying Public Key Infrastructure, Wiley & Sons (2001)
Barker, E., Barker, W., Burr, W., Polk, W., and Smid, M., Recommendation for Key Management, Part 1: General, NIST SP 800-57 Pt 1 (2005)
Burr, W., Dodson, D., and Polk, W., Electronic Authentication Guideline, NIST SP 800-63 (2004)
Polk, W., Dodson, D., and Burr, W., Cryptographic Algorithms and Key Sizes for Personal Identity Verification, NIST SP 800-78 (2005)
Cooper, D., Santesson, S., Farrell, S., Boeyen, S., Housley, R., and Polk, W., “Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List Profile”, RFC 5280, IETF Network Working Group (2008
DONNA F. DODSON
No full textNBS/NIST: 1987–1999; 2003–2020
INDUCTED: 2021
B: 1962, Washington, District of Columbia
EDUCATION:
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, BS (Computer Science), 1984
Hood College, MS (Computer Science), 1990
CITATION:
For exceptional technical acumen, extraordinary leadership, and worldwide impact while strengthening the nation’s cybersecurity posture
POSITIONS HELD AT NBS/NIST:
Computer Scientist, Computer Security Division (CSD), Computer Systems Laboratory (CSL), 1987-1994
Supervisory Computer Scientist, CSD, CSL, 1994-1995
Computer Scientist, then Group Leader, Security Technology Group, CSD, CSL/Information Technology Laboratory (ITL), 1995-1999
IT Specialist, CSD, ITL, 2003-2007
Deputy Division Chief/Division Chief, CSD, ITL, 2008-2014
Inaugural Director, NIST National Cybersecurity Center of Excellence, 2012-2019
Senior Research Scientist, NIST, 2014-2017
NIST Chief Cybersecurity Advisor, 2012-2020
NIST Fellow, 2017-2020
HONORS:
NIST Bronze Medals (1992 and 1997)
U.S. Department of Commerce Gold Medals (2007 and 2014)
International Trade Administration Bronze Medal (2009)
Federal 100 Awards (2011 and 2018)
Top 10 Most Influential People in Government Information Security (2012)
D.C.’s Top 50 Women in Technology, FedScoop (2012 and 2014-2016)
CyberScoop’s Top Women in Cybersecurity (2016 and 2017)
Presidential Rank Award (2019)
Samuel J. Heyman Service to America Medal (2020)
MEMBERSHIPS:
Forum on Cyber Resilience, National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine
University of Maryland Baltimore Campus Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering External Advisory Board
University of Maryland Baltimore Campus Center for Women in Technology, Advisor
American University Kogod School of Business Cybersecurity Governance Center
University of Maryland Advisory Board in Computing
PUBLICATIONS:
More than 50 publications including:
Burr, W., Dodson, D., and Polk, W., Electronic Authentication Guideline, NIST SP 800-63 (2004)
Dodson, D. et al, Personal Identity Verification (PIV) of Federal Employees and Contractors, Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 201 (2005)
Polk, W.T., Dodson, D.F., Burr W.E., Ferraiolo, H., and Cooper, D., Cryptographic Algorithms and Key Sizes for Personal Identity Verification, NIST SP 800-78-4 (2015)
Dodson, D., Souppaya, M., and Scarfone, K., Mitigating the Risk of Software Vulnerabilities by Adopting a Secure Software Development Framework (SSDF), NIST Cybersecurity White Paper (2020
BELINDA L. COLLINS
No full textNBS/NIST: 1974–2012
INDUCTED: 2021
B: 1946, Washington, District of Columbia
EDUCATION:
University of Mary Washington, BA (Psychology), 1968 University of Virginia, MA/PhD (Experimental Psychology), 1971/1973
CITATION: For highly impactful contributions to human factors and engineering research in building technology and exceptional leadership nationally and internationally in voluntary consensus standardization and conformity assessment
POSITIONS HELD AT NBS/NIST:
Researcher, Building Environment Division, Center for Building Technology (CBT), Institute for Applied Technology/National Engineering Laboratory, 1974-1984
Leader, Lighting Group, Building Environment Division, CBT/Building and Fire Research Laboratory, 1984-1993
Program Analyst, Program Office, Office of the NIST Director, 1993-1994
Director, Office of Standards Services, Technology Services (TS), 1994-2001
Deputy Director, TS, 2001-2006; Director, TS, 2006-2010
Senior Advisor for Voting Standards, Information Technology Laboratory, 2010-2012
HONORS:
NBS Bronze Medal (1984)
Fellow, Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (1994)
ANSI Meritorious Service Award (1997)
National Cooperation for Laboratory Accreditation Lifetime Achievement Award (1997)
American Council of Independent Laboratories Public Service Award (1997)
NIST Edward Bennett Rosa Award (2000)
U.S. Department of Commerce Silver Medals (2001 and 2005)
ASTM International Margaret Dana Award (2004)
Fellow, Standards Engineering Society (2007)
ANSI Howard Coonley Medal (2008)
Federal Laboratory Consortium Laboratory Director of the Year (2009)
MEMBERSHIPS:
ANSI
Illuminating Engineering Society of North America
American Association for the Advancement of Science
Women in Technology
PUBLICATIONS:
More than 90 publications including:
Collins, B.L., Windows and People: A Literature Survey of the Psychological Reaction to Environments With and Without Windows, NBS Building Science Series 70, (1975)
Collins, B.L., The Development and Evaluation of Effective Symbol Signs, NBS Building Science Series 141, (1982)
Collins, B.L., Dahir, M.S., and Madrzykowski, D., “Visibility of Exit Signs in Clear and Smokey Conditions”, Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society 21(1), 69-84 (1992)
Collins, B.L. and Worthey, J.A., “Lighting for Meat and Poultry Inspection”, Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society 15(1), 21-28 (1985
