Naresuan University Journal
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Value of Elderly Person / การเห็นคุณค่าผู้สูงอายุ
No full textบทคัดย่อในการศึกษาครั้งนี้ เป็นการศึกษาความหมายของการเห็นคุณค่าผู้สูงอายุที่ได้จากการทบทวนวรรณกรรมที่เกี่ยวข้องกับประเด็นการเห็นคุณค่าผู้สูงอายุ โดยมีขอบเขตของการศึกษาจากบทความทางวิชาการ งานวิจัยที่เกี่ยวข้องกับผู้สูงอายุ ภายใต้แนวคิดเกี่ยวกับทัศนคติที่มีต่อผู้สูงอายุที่เกิดขึ้นในบริบทที่แตกต่างกัน โดยผู้ศึกษาได้นำบทความและงานวิจัยที่เกี่ยวข้องกับผู้สูงอายุดังกล่าว มาทำการสังเคราะห์เพื่อหาคำจำกัดความ ความหมายของ คุณค่า ผู้สูงอายุ การเห็นคุณค่า และศึกษาการเห็นคุณค่าของผู้สูงอายุในสังคมไทย จากการศึกษา ผู้ศึกษาได้ให้ความหมายของ การเห็นคุณค่า คือ สภาวะความพร้อมทางจิตที่เกี่ยวข้องกับกระบวนการทางความคิด ความรู้สึก และแนวโน้มทางพฤติกรรมของบุคคลที่เกิดจากการมีปฏิสัมพันธ์ระหว่างบุคคลอื่นและสิ่งแวดล้อมต่างๆ ในสังคมทั้งทางตรงและทางอ้อม จนก่อให้เกิดการตอบสนองต่อสิ่งเร้านั้นๆ ที่แสดงออกมาทางพฤติกรรมทั้งทางบวก และทางลบ และผู้สูงอายุ หมายถึง บุคคลที่มีอายุตั้งแต่ 60 ปีขึ้นไป ในขณะที่ “การเห็นคุณค่าผู้สูงอายุ” หมายถึง การที่ผู้สูงอายุมีคุณค่าต่อตนเองหรือสังคมมากน้อยเพียงใดเกิดจากทัศนคติของบุคคลที่มีต่อผู้สูงอายุ โดยเกิดจากองค์ประกอบ 3 ประการ คือ ความเชื่อ ความรู้สึก และพฤติกรรมของแต่ละบุคคล ที่เกิดจากการมีปฏิสัมพันธ์กับบุคคลอื่น และสิ่งแวดล้อมต่างๆ ที่ส่งผลให้เกิดการเห็นคุณค่าในระดับที่แตกต่างกัน ในสังคมไทย แบ่งระดับการเห็นคุณค่าผู้สูงอายุออกเป็น 2 ระดับ ได้แก่ การเห็นคุณค่าผู้สูงอายุในระดับครอบครัว กล่าวคือ ผู้สูงอายุเป็นบุคคลที่ผ่านการดำเนินชีวิตมาอย่างยาวนาน จึงถือได้ว่าเป็นผู้มีประสบการณ์ สามารถถ่ายทอดความรู้ให้คำแนะนำในการดำเนินชีวิตแก่สมาชิกในครอบครัว และเป็นกำลังสำคัญในการดูแลสมาชิกและทรัพย์สินในครอบครัว นอกจากนี้ การเห็นคุณค่าผู้สูงอายุในระดับสังคม นับได้ว่าผู้สูงอายุเป็นผู้ถ่ายทอดความรู้ ภูมิปัญญา จากคนรุ่นหนึ่งไปอีกรุ่นหนึ่ง ทำให้มีการสืบทอดขนบธรรมเนียม ประเพณี วัฒนธรรมต่างๆ ของแต่ละสังคมให้มีความยั่งยืน ดังนั้น อาจกล่าวได้ว่า ผู้สูงอายุเป็นปูชนียบุคคลที่มีความล้ำค่าทั้งในระดับครอบครัวและสังคม โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งสังคมไทย คำสำคัญ: ผู้สูงอายุ คุณค่า AbstractThis research aims to study the meaning toward the realization in the elderly’s value, which the data were analyzed by reviewing relevant literature and academic articles. Its concept was about attitudes toward the elderly in different contexts or situations. All of these were done to define the meaning of the realization in value, the elderly and the elderly’s value. In this study, “the realization in value” was described as the readiness of mind which was related to thinking process, feeling and behavioral trend. It was found out that direct and indirect interactions between people and surroundings could lead to both positive and negative acts. “The elderly” was referred to a group of people who correlated with the chronological ages of 60 and up. Furthermore, the finding showed that the way people viewing aging eventually became their attitudes. This consisted of 3 factors including belief, feeling and behavior which depended on each person’s interpersonal relationship and environment. In Thai society, the realization in elderly’s value was divided into 2 aspects; family and society. In terms of family level, when compared to other age groups, older people had much more experience because they had lived through a lot of situations. So there was a wide range of options in which they could provide critical support to the young in their families such as tutoring, mentoring and nurturing. They could even take care of families’ properties as well. Moreover, in the terms of social level, elderly people were also a resource for younger generations. That was, they could share knowledge, crafts, culture, tradition and history so that all these things were transferred from generation to generation. Therefore, it could be said that elderly people, especially in Thai society, were honored as venerable ones in both aspects. Keywords: Elderly Person, Value
Chronic widespread pain is associated with worsening frailty in European men
No full textBackground: we hypothesised that chronic widespread pain (CWP), by acting as a potential stressor, may predispose to the development of, or worsening, frailty. Setting: longitudinal analysis within the European Male Ageing Study (EMAS). Participants: a total of 2,736 community-dwelling men aged 40–79. Methods: subjects completed a pain questionnaire and shaded a manikin, with the presence of CWP defined using the American College of Rheumatology criteria. Physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption and depression were measured. Repeat assessments took place a median of 4.3 years later. A frailty index (FI) was used, with frail defined as an FI >0.35. The association between CWP at baseline and the new occurrence of frailty was examined using logistic regression; the association between CWP at baseline and change in FI was examined using negative binomial regression. Results: at baseline, 218 (8.3%) men reported CWP. Of the 2,631 men who were defined as non-frail at baseline, 112 (4.3%) were frail at follow-up; their mean FI was 0.12 (SD 0.1) at baseline and 0.15 (SD 0.1) at follow-up, with a mean change of 0.03 (SD 0.08) P≤0.001. Among men who were non-frail at baseline, those with CWP were significantly more likely to develop frailty. After adjustment forage and centre, compared with those with no pain, those with CWP at baseline had a 70% higher FI at follow-up; these associations remained significant after further adjustment for smoking, body mass index, depression, physical activity and FI at baseline. Conclusion: the presence of CWP is associated with an increased risk of frailty in older European men
Model-independent measurement of mixing parameters in decays
No full textThe first model-independent measurement of the charm mixing parameters in the decay D0 → KS0π+π− is reported, using a sample of pp collision data recorded by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1 at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. The measured values arex=(−0.86±0.53±0.17)×10−2,y=(+0.03±0.46±0.13)×10−2,x=(−0.86±0.53±0.17)×10−2,y=(+0.03±0.46±0.13)×10−2,where the first uncertainties are statistical and include small contributions due to the external input for the strong phase measured by the CLEO collaboration, and the second uncertainties are systematic
Measurements of the Higgs boson production and decay rates and coupling strengths using collision data at and TeV in the ATLAS experiment
No full textGeneral sale of non-prescription medicinal products: Comparing legislation in two European countries.
No full textBACKGROUND: The number of non-prescription medicines (NPMs) available for self-medication is increasing within the European Union (EU). This can enhance the autonomy of individuals but is also connected with risks. Under an existing EU Directive, Sweden has only recently deregulated and made NPMs available in non-pharmacy outlets; The United Kingdom (UK) is a more established NPM market; both are guided by the same EU directives. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare specific requirements under the legislation, rationales and outcomes regarding the sale of NPMs through non-pharmacy outlets between Sweden and the UK. METHOD: The main method was analysis of legislative text and policy documents, conducted in 2012. RESULTS: Both countries had specified medicines available to the public in non-pharmacy outlets, but with restrictions on different factors, e.g. placement and package size of the NPMs. The main rationales for legislation were quality and patient safety. NPMs for 51 ailments were available in the UK, compared to 35 in Sweden. CONCLUSION: Sweden had more extensive requirements, probably due to the market being more recently deregulated, while the UK represented a more mature market. There is a difference in the balance between confidence and control, as well as availability and safety when it comes to NPMs in non-pharmacy settings that needs to be further discussed
The impact and significance of tephra deposition on a Holocene forest environment in the North Cascades, Washington, USA
No full textA Monometallic Lanthanide Bis(methanediide) Single Molecule Magnet with a Large Energy Barrier and Complex Spin Relaxation Behaviour
No full textWe report a dysprosium(III) bis(methanediide) single molecule magnet (SMM) where stabilisation of the highly magnetic states and suppression of mixing of opposite magnetic projections is imposed by a linear arrangement of negatively-charged donor atoms supported by weak neutral donors. Treatment of [Ln(BIPMTMS)(BIPMTMSH)] [Ln = Dy, 1Dy; Y, 1Y; BIPMTMS = {C(PPh2NSiMe3)2}2−; BIPMTMSH = {HC(PPh2NSiMe3)2}−] with benzyl potassium/18-crown-6 ether (18C6) in THF afforded [Ln(BIPMTMS)2][K(18C6)(THF)2] [Ln = Dy, 2Dy; Y, 2Y]. AC magnetic measurements of 2Dy in zero DC field show temperature- and frequency-dependent SMM behaviour. Orbach relaxation dominates at high temperature, but at lower temperatures a second-order Raman process dominates. Complex 2Dy exhibits two thermally activated energy barriers (Ueff) of 721 and 813 K, the largest Ueff values for any monometallic dysprosium(III) complex. Dilution experiments confirm the molecular origin of this phenomenon. Complex 2Dy has rich magnetic dynamics; field-cooled (FC)/zero-field cooled (ZFC) susceptibility measurements show a clear divergence at 16 K, meaning the magnetic observables are out-of-equilibrium below this temperature, however the maximum in ZFC, which conventionally defines the blocking temperature, TB, is found at 10 K. Magnetic hysteresis is also observed in 10% 2Dy@2Y at these temperatures. Ab initio calculations suggest the lowest three Kramers doublets of the ground 6H15/2 multiplet of 2Dy are essentially pure, well-isolated |±15/2〉, |±13/2〉 and |±11/2〉 states quantised along the C[double bond, length as m-dash]Dy[double bond, length as m-dash]C axis. Thermal relaxation occurs via the 4th and 5th doublets, verified experimentally for the first time, and calculated Ueff values of 742 and 810 K compare very well to experimental magnetism and luminescence data. This work validates a design strategy towards realising high-temperature SMMs and produces unusual spin relaxation behaviour where the magnetic observables are out-of-equilibrium some 6 K above the formal blocking temperature
Older adults' uptake and adherence to exercise classes: Instructors' perspectives.
No full textExercise classes provide a range of benefits for older adults, but adherence levels are poor. We know little of instructors' experiences of delivering exercise classes to older adults. Semistructured interviews, informed by the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), were conducted with instructors (n = 19) delivering multicomponent exercise classes to establish their perspectives on older adults' uptake and adherence to exercise classes. Analysis revealed 'barriers' to uptake related to identity, choice/control, cost, and venue, and 'solutions' included providing choice/control, relating exercise to identity, a personal touch, and social support. Barriers to adherence included unrealistic expectations and social influences, and solutions identified were encouraging commitment, creating social cohesion, and an emphasis on achieving outcomes. Older adults' attitudes were an underlying theme, which related to all barriers and solutions. The instructor plays an important, but not isolated, role in older adults' uptake and adherence to classes. Instructors' perspectives help us to further understand how we can design successful exercise classes