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Involuntary Admissions, and Treatments (TSO) for Individuals Suffering from Schizophrenia: A Reflection on Patient Safety, and Quality of Care
Get PDF Introduction: Since the Italian Mental Health Act of 1978, public attention on the outcomes of Involuntary Hospital Treatment (TSO) for people struggling with Schizophrenia (SCZ) has increased. The practice is controversial because it goes against the Human Rights standards. Against this background, the author investigates factors linked to coercive measures, and personal experiences of acute care. He hypothesizes that limitation of freedom negatively affects the quality of the therapeutic relationship (TR). Materials, and Methods: Semi structured qualitative interviews (QIs) of individuals (n = 20) who were eligible for inclusion if the following criteria applied: [1] DSM-V diagnosis of Schizophrenia; [2] Having received at least one TSO; [3] Being outpatients; and [4] having emotional, and cognitional stability. The interview text was transcribed verbatim and analyzed by means of a phenomenological method. Results. The cohort described TSO as an unwelcome, and intrusive practice. Even if clinicians often justified the admissions, only a few patients gave an account of being told why their agency was eroded. Moreover, TSO damages Self-confidence, and trust in public services. Inasmuch, to prevent distress and avoid an outflow of so-called psychiatric refugees, the Italian government needs to improve joint crisis plans between patients, families, and medical equips. Discussion. The Republic of Italy does not have asylums but community-centers, and psychiatric wards within general hospitals. The Law No. 833 of 23 December 1978 established the possibility of a TSO for a period of 1-7 days in the simultaneous presence of [1] Psychiatric conditions that require urgent therapy; [2] Patient’s refusal of assistance; and [3] Circumstances that do not consent other less-invasive strategies. To author’s knowledge, this is one of the few qualitative reflections done on the pros and cons of adult Psychiatry, in Italy. The survey adds valuable information regarding degree, and predictors of loss of autonomy, dignity, and the possibility of interpersonal contact.
Keywords: Schizophrenia, TSO, Human Rights, Therapeutic Relationship, Law No. 833
A Development of Local Government Supporting Officers through Four Objects of Sympathy (Sangahavatthu 4): A Case Study of Samutsakhon Province
No full text The objectives of this research were as follows: 1) to study the knowledge about Sangahavatthu 4 of local government supporting officers in Samutsakhon Province; 2) to examine the development of the local government supporting officers in Samutsakhon Province according to the principle of Sangahavatthu 4; 3) to compare the development of the local government supporting officers in Samutsakhon Province according to the principle of Sangahavatthu 4 classified by personal factors; 4) to investigage a correlation between the knowledge about Sangahavatthu 4 and the development of the local government supporting officers in Samutsakhon Province; and 5) to explore other suggestions of the development of the local government supporting officers in Samutsakhon Province according to the principle of Sangahavatthu 4. This research applied a mixed research methodology, using both quantitative and qualitative method. The sample group was 282 people who were local government supporting officers in Samutsakhon Province, and in-depth interview was conducted with nine key informant people. The research instrument used to collect data was the questionnaire and structured in-depth interview. The statistics used were frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, T-test F test and Chi-square.
The results of research were found that the knowledge about Sangahavatthu 4 of local government supporting officers in Samutsakhon Province was at high level in all aspects. The development of the local government supporting officers in Samutsakhon Province according to the principle of Sangahavatthu 4 was also at high level in all aspects. The results of hypothesis testing were found that the local government supporting officers in Samutsakhon Province with different genders, position, and monthly income had no difference in the development according to the principle of Sangahavatthu 4. However, the officers with different ages, and educational level had difference in development according to the principle of Sangahavatthu 4 with the statistical significance at .05, and there was a statistical relationship between the knowledge about Sangahavatthu 4 and the development of the local government supporting officers in Samutsakhon Province. In addition, the officers had other suggestions on the development according to the principle of Sangahavatthu 4 in that officers should work and dedicate themselves for the benefits of people without expectation of anything in return. They should also have willingness to work and serve people with a sweet eloquence, establish appropriate behavior without exploiting others, and adjust themselves to work with colleagues.
Keywords: Development, Sangahavatthu 4, Local government supporting officers, Samutsakhon Provinc
The Molecular Identification of Nephtys species (Polychaeta: Phyllodocida) from Songkhla Lake, Southern Thailand
No full text Polychaetes are macrobenthic fauna which play an important role in ecosystems by changing the physical nature of the seabed and nutrient cycling. They are the most dominant group in the benthic community, an important component in the food chain and bioindicators of environmental pollution. Songkhla lake has over fifty species of polychaetes and the most abundance family is Nephtyidae. Morphological identification of individual species is difficult and time-consuming, requiring expertise. This paper examined the phylogenetic relationships of the common nephtyids present in the outer sector of Songkhla Lake, Southern Thailand, Nephtys polybranchia, Nephtys oligobranchia and Nephtys sp., were studied using partial nuclear ribosomal first internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) nucleotide sequences. The results of the molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that the Nephtys can be grouped into two clades: (1) an unresolved clade including Nephtys polybranchia and Nephtys sp. as sister taxa and (2) Nephtys oligobranchia. The results indicated that ITS1 sequencing should be a useful taxonomic marker for Nephtys species in the ecological survey and routine identification.
Keywords: Nephtyidae, polychaete, molecular marker, Songkhla lake, ITS1  
A Cooling System for a Mushroom House for Use in the Upper Central Region Climate of Thailand
Get PDF This study investigated a cooling system for mushroom cultivation for both experimental and theoretical purposes. The system was used in shitake mushroom cultivation in the upper central region climate of Thailand in winter. The system consisted of a night cooling system, a cooling coil and direct evaporative pad cooling. The night cooling system was set up and tested from November to December 2017. The COP equation for the system was correlated with experimental data and then used to predict cold water tank temperature. It was found that the cold water tank temperature was 25.50 °C, while the average dry bulb day time temperature and wet bulb night time temperatures were 31 °C and 25.72 °C respectively. The outlet air temperature from the whole system was then estimated from the cold water tank temperature. The resulting outlet air temperature was cooled to 22.04 °C. Thus, the system could satisfy the criteria temperature for the air temperature inside the mushroom house which was defined at 28 °C.
Nomenclature
A heat transfer area, m2
Cp specific heat, kJ kg-1 K-1
COP coefficient of performance
m mass , kg
RH relative humidity
T temperature, °C
U overall heat transfer coefficient, W m-2 K-1
Subscript
ci cold fluid inlet
db dry bulb
hi hot fluid inlet
w water
wb wet bulb
Keywords: Cooling, Mushroom, Greenhous
The Intergenerational Learning Activities Based on Local Wisdom: Lesson Learned from Baan Huay Sapan Samakkee Community, Kanchanaburi Province
No full text This qualitative research aimed to (1) synthesize local wisdom knowledge for Intergenerational learning activities management of Baan Huay Sapan Samakkee Community and (2) propose the model of intergenerational learning activities management based on local wisdom of Baan Huay Sapan Samakkee Community. Data collection employed documentary studies, in-depth interview, and focus group discussion. Data analysis was conducted to analyze research content. The research findings suggest as follows: 1. Local wisdom for intergenerational learning activities management revealed the community forest had been used as the learning center to share knowledge on forest management connecting to the community way of life, culture and local wisdom. There are four learning activities; the natural resource and environment conservation based on the community forest, youth development, community cultural restoration, and career development. The locals shifted their paradigm from forest management to meet dimension of community development. Local wisdom knowledge is categorized into nine wisdom areas, namely, four in agriculture, ten in industries and handicraft, one Thai traditional medicine wisdom, one in natural resources and environment, one in community fund and business, six in arts, one in language and literature, four in philosophy religion and tradition, and five in nutrition. 2. The model of intergenerational learning activities management based on local wisdom consisted of (1) principles of learning activities based on lifelong learning through intergenerational experience sharing in real context. (2) Engaging in participatory planning, co-planning, action, decision-making, and benefit sharing through sub-district council. (3) Intergenerational learning activities management consists of five processes; community study, leaders and trainers finding, planning work and controlling, coordinate with locals in seeking problem causes and solutions, preparation for learning activities, follow-up, evaluate, and provide morale support. (4) For learning activities, learners were divided in to two groups; first group consisted of local youths, to apply local-based curriculum whereas second group is youths outside the community that spent two days and one night at the youth camp to familiar with nine learning stations. (5) Learner has three separate roles, as the observers, assistant practitioner, and practitioner. (6) The learning activities organizer is a facilitator. (7) The factors affecting success are included; the leader capability, community participation, learning from inside and outside community settlement, establishment of community learning centers, benefit sharing, and commitment to continue development and (8) problems and obstacles are the succession of new leaders and trainers.
Keywords: Local Wisdom, Intergenerational Learning, Baan Huaysapan Samakkee Communit
An Efficient Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines
No full text Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines are useful building blocks for a number of biologically and pharmaceutically valuable compounds. Its synthetic method started from the reaction of 2-aminopyridines with acetophenones. However, the existing synthetic methods have drawbacks such as relatively high reaction temperatures, long reaction times and the difficult post-treatment. In this article, an improved synthetic method with high yield and simple steps for the synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines was reported. It is an improved method that CsF-Celite was used in post-treatment, which enhanced the total yield, and the operations were effectually simplified by the one-pot method. Moreover, CsF-Celite can be recovered for subsequent reactions and reused without any loss of efficiency.
Keywords: Celite, Cesium Fluoride, One-pot synthesi
Muscle Strength of Upper Extremities and Trunk in Collegiate Throwing Players
Get PDF The overhead throwing, a complex movement skill used in sports, involved the series of linked movement of the body from legs through arm and hand with rotating each body segment to transfer velocity, momentum and energy in sequence such as tennis and volleyball serves, baseball pitching, javelin throw. The objectives of this study were to compare the strength of the upper extremities muscles of collegiate overhead throwing players, and healthy students who did not participate in these sports. The muscle strength of the dominant and non-dominant sides of the participants were included in the analysis and comparison. Sixty participants were divided into two groups; an experimental group consisted of 15 male players (age 20.47+1.19 years, bodyweight 69.57+8.25 kg, and height 168.47+24.73 cm) and 15 female players (age 19.87+0.99 years, bodyweight 61.20+12.16 kg, and height 162.27+5.28 cm). The other group was control group, consisted of 15 male non-players (average age 20.60+1.12 years, bodyweight 70.51+12.30 kg, and height 174.33+5.65 cm) and 15 female non-players (age 20.07+0.70 years, bodyweight 54.47+6.59 kg, and height 162.67+6.39 cm). Participants were tested and measured by the Upper Quarter Y-Balance test, in which the participants bore a weight on the testing arm at the center and reached in various directions. Paired and independent t-tests were used for comparing the differences of average composite scores between dominant and non-dominant, and between control and experimental groups respectively. The significant level was set at .05 (p < .05). The results revealed that there was no difference of the composite scores between dominant and non-dominant arms in all participants but there were significant differences of the composite scores on the dominant arm (p = .05) and non-dominant arm (p = 0.02) when comparing between control and experimental groups. It was concluded that there was no significant difference of the muscle strength of upper extremities and trunk, both dominant and non-dominant sides but the muscle strength of upper extremities and trunk of the overhead throwing players was lower than of the regular exercise group. It could be feedback information for coaches and players to improve training plans, skill development and injury risk reduction.
Keywords: Overhead throwing, Muscle strength, Upper extremity, Trunk muscle
Choice of Commercial Rice Production: Nanglue-Thachai Rice Seed Group in Chai Nat Province
No full text Commercial rice production is the main source of income for farmers. The major problem is the high cost of production and environmental damage, impact on the economy and ecology. Nanglue and Thachai sub-districts have the same problems. The farmers in the area with the rice seed production center see a potential to work together to produce a comprehensive rice seed as an alternative to rice production. This research was aimed to study the development and evolution of Nanglue-Thachai rice seed production group, conditions, and achievement of product management and to study how transformation of rice production methods, which reinforced economic and social sustainability, was done in mainstream agriculture. The research methodology used mixed method research. Based on a questionnaire and a structured interview, it was found that the rice seed production of Nanglue-Thachai rice seed group reached agricultural production quality. It was neatly produced, and required an integration of groups to establish of community enterprises. In addition, it is a source of purchase and distribution of integrated products that increase farmers' incomes. As the market system has declined, there is a dependence and support for production factors, knowledge of production, which enable farmers to meet right conditions with clear advantages in terms of ecology, economic system and Social correlation system with traditional commercial rice production.
Keywords: Rice Seed Production, Commercial Rice Production, Alternative Agriculture, Commercial Rice Productio