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การวิเคราะห์ความเสี่ยงระดับปฏิบัติการสำหรับธุรกิจขนาดเล็ก กรณีศึกษา
No full text การวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อวิเคราะห์ความเสี่ยงในระดับปฏิบัติการที่อาจเกิดขึ้นในกรณีศึกษาซึ่งคือธุรกิจขนาดเล็กที่สอนศิลปะให้กับเด็ก ด้วยการประยุกต์ใช้เทคนิคการวิเคราะห์สาเหตุของลักษณะข้อบกพร่องและผลกระทบ (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis, FMEA) ในกระบวนการหลัก 3 กระบวนการของกิจการกรณีศึกษา ได้แก่ กระบวนการสอน กระบวนการขายและกระบวนการสั่งซื้ออุปกรณ์และสินค้า พิจารณาความเสี่ยงหลัก 4 มิติ ได้แก่ มิติความไม่ปลอดภัย มิติการไม่บรรลุวัตถุประสงค์ของงาน มิติทางการเงิน และมิติการทำให้ลูกค้าไม่พึงพอใจ หลังจากวิเคราะห์ความเสี่ยงที่อาจเกิดขึ้นแล้ว จึงทำการเลือกความเสี่ยงที่มีการจัดอันดับสูงสุดจากค่า Risk Priority Number (RPN) 3 ประเด็นของแต่ละกระบวนการและความเสี่ยงที่มีค่าความรุนแรงหากเกิดขึ้นในระดับสูงสุดหรือเท่ากับ 5 จากเกณฑ์การประเมิน จำนวนรวมทั้งสิ้น 11 ประเด็นเพื่อกำหนดแนวทางดำเนินการลด ป้องกัน หรือรับมือกับความเสี่ยง แนวทางดังกล่าวได้นำไปทดลองปฏิบัติเป็นเวลา 2 เดือน แล้วจึงทำการประเมินความเสี่ยงอีกครั้งด้วยเทคนิคเดิม เพื่อพิจารณาว่าสามารถลดความเสี่ยงลงได้หรือไม่ โดยผลการประเมินแสดงให้เห็นว่าแนวทางที่กำหนดขึ้นมีแนวโน้มจะลดความเสี่ยงทั้งหมดลงได้จริง กล่าวอีกนัยหนึ่ง การวิจัยนี้จึงทำให้เห็นถึงการนำเทคนิคการวิเคราะห์ความเสี่ยงซึ่งนิยมในภาคอุตสาหกรรมไปใช้กับการดำเนินธุรกิจประเภทบริการ ที่เป็นลักษณะคนดำเนินการเป็นหลัก และเป็นธุรกิจขนาดเล็ก โดยเกิดผลลัพธ์เป็นที่น่าพึงพอใจ
คำสำคัญ: การวิเคราะห์ความเสี่ยง เทคนิคการวิเคราะห์สาเหตุของลักษณะข้อบกพร่องและผลกระทบ ธุรกิจขนาดเล็ก
This research was to analyze the possible operational risks that could be occurred in a child art center, which is a case study. Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), which is a technique for assessing the possible risks, was applied in this research. Three main processes were considered; teaching, selling, and purchasing. Four dimensions of risks were assessed; un-safety, failure to achieve the objective, finance and customer dissatisfaction. The critical risks were chosen in order to identify the plans on how to reduce, prevent or handle these risks. Risk Priority Number (RPN) was an indicator to choose the critical risks. Top three RPN risks for each process were chosen including the risks with highest score of severity. Thus, 11 risks were focused and identified their plans to reduce risks. Subsequently, the risk assessment was performed again after 2 months implementation for their plans. The comparison between before and after having a plan revealed that all risks were potentially reduced. In other words, this research showed the application of risk assessment techniques, FMEA which is commonly used in an industrial sector, to the service sector that is labor-intensive and small sized case.
Keywords: Risk assessment, Failure mode and effect analysis, FMEA, Small sized busines
Common cancer-associated imbalances in the DNA damage response confer sensitivity to single agent ATR inhibition
No full textATR is an attractive target in cancer therapy because it signals replication stress and DNA lesions for repair and to S/G2 checkpoints. Cancer-specific defects in the DNA damage response (DDR) may render cancer cells vulnerable to ATR inhibition alone. We determined the cytotoxicity of the ATR inhibitor VE-821 in isogenically matched cells with DDR imbalance. Cell cycle arrest, DNA damage accumulation and repair were determined following VE-821 exposure. Defects in homologous recombination repair (HRR: ATM, BRCA2 and XRCC3) and base excision repair (BER: XRCC1) conferred sensitivity to VE-821. Surprisingly, the loss of different components of the trimeric non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) protein DNA-PK had opposing effects. Loss of the DNA-binding component, Ku80, caused hypersensitivity to VE-821, but loss of its partner catalytic subunit, DNA-PKcs, did not. Unexpectedly, VE-821 was particularly cytotoxic to human and hamster cells expressing high levels of DNA-PKcs. High DNA-PKcs was associated with replicative stress and activation of the DDR. VE-821 suppressed HRR, determined by RAD51 focus formation, to a greater extent in cells with high DNA-PKcs. Defects in HRR and BER and high DNA-PKcs expression, that are common in cancer, confer sensitivity to ATR inhibitor monotherapy and may be developed as predictive biomarkers for personalised medicine
Matter Quantum Corrections to the Graviton Self-Energy and the Newtonian Potential
No full textWe revisit the calculation of matter quantum effects on the graviton self-energy on a flat Minkowski background, with the aim to acquire a deeper understanding of the mechanism that renders the graviton massless. To this end, we derive a low-energy theorem which directly relates the radiative corrections of the cosmological constant to those of the graviton mass to all orders in perturbation theory. As an illustrative example, we consider an Abelian Higgs model with minimal coupling to gravity and show explicitly how a suitable renormalization of the cosmological constant leads to the vanishing of the graviton mass at the one-loop level. In the same Abelian Higgs model, we also calculate the matter quantum corrections to the Newtonian potential and present analytical formulae in terms of modified Bessel and Struve functions of the particle masses in the loop. We show that the correction to the Newtonian potential exhibits an exponential fall-off dependence on the distance r, once the non-relativistic limit with respect to the non-zero loop mass is carefully considered. For massless scalars, fermions and gauge bosons in the loops, we recover the well-known results presented in the literature
Measurement of transverse energy-energy correlations in multi-jet events in collisions at TeV using the ATLAS detector and determination of the strong coupling constant
No full textAnalysis of Pore Structure Effects on Diffusive Reactive Transport in Opalinus clay
No full textOpalinus clay has a high sealing capacity and is therefore considered as viable candidates for hosting radioactive waste in future deep geological repositories. In order to validate and to predict the sealing capacity of the clay and the long-term containment performance of radioactive waste repositories, a comprehensive understanding of transport processes in the clay is necessary. Pore network models are useful for linking material structure to longer length-scale diffusion, but in principle require accurate description of the morphology of real porous media to support model parameterisation, i.e. pore and throat size distribution, connectivity information. Opalinus clay has tight pore spaces and current experimental techniques do not allow for extracting sufficient connectivity data and throat sizes (if at all). This work extends previous works on pore network modelling of porous media with limited structural information. Measured solid phase characteristics balance the insufficient geometrical and topological information for the clay pore systems to construct pore network. The constructed networks are described as mathematical graphs with diffusion modelled as a continuous process in water-saturated bonds. The effects of length scale parameters and shaper factors on effective diffusivities are analyzed in this work. Calculated results are in the range of experimental data in different clay directions. The analyses suggest that the micro-pores, those smaller than 5nm, have major effect on diffusivity. Diffusion of larger complexes can be used for experimental validation of the model. The proposed methodology can be used for any micro and meso-porous material with limited information and be useful for further development of multi-phase and reactive transport
Preparation and characterization of poly(ethylene oxide)-loaded hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin nanofibres
No full textSodium alginate is a very popular thickening agent used in food, pharmaceutical and textile industry. It is also used in different biomedical applications and wound dressings due to its biocompatible properties. In this study, however, this biopolymer was electrospun from aqueous solution by combining a small portion of polyethylene oxide (PEO) as carrying polymer. In the spinning solution, 70:30 Na-alginate/PEO of total 4.0 wt.% was used to obtain bead-free nanofibres from electrospinning. To provide insolubility and antibacterial properties, these fibres were then chemically modified by treating with CaCl2 and AgNO3 in ethanol absolute solution. During chemical treatment process, 1.0 and 5.0 wt.% of CaCl2, and 0.5 and 1.0 wt.% of AgNO3 were used. The nanofibres structure and morphology were investigated by Field Gun Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersion X-ray (EDX), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The results prove that silver-loaded antibacterial alginate nanofibres have been successfully produced. Key words: electrospinning; sodium alginate; poly(ethylene oxide); anti-bacterial; nanofibre
International expert opinion on the management of infection caused by azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus.
No full textAn international expert panel was convened to deliberate the management of azole-resistant aspergillosis. In culture-positive cases, in vitro susceptibility testing should always be performed if antifungal therapy is intended. Different patterns of resistance are seen, with multi-azole and pan-azole resistance more common than resistance to a single triazole. In confirmed invasive pulmonary aspergillosis due to an azole-resistant Aspergillus, the experts recommended a switch from voriconazole to liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB; Ambisome(®)). In regions with environmental resistance rates of ≥10%, a voriconazole-echinocandin combination or L-AmB were favoured as initial therapy. All experts recommended L-AmB as core therapy for central nervous system aspergillosis suspected to be due to an azole-resistant Aspergillus, and considered the addition of a second agent with the majority favouring flucytosine. Intravenous therapy with either micafungin or L-AmB given as either intermittent or continuous therapy was recommended for chronic pulmonary aspergillosis due to a pan-azole-resistant Aspergillus. Local and national surveillance with identification of clinical and environmental resistance patterns, rapid diagnostics, better quality clinical outcome data, and a greater understanding of the factors driving or minimising environmental resistance are areas where research is urgently needed, as well as the development of new oral agents outside the azole drug class
The GINA asthma strategy report: what's new for primary care?
No full textThe Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) was established in 1993 by the World Health Organization and National Heart Lung and Blood Institute to develop a global strategy for managing and preventing asthma. GINA reports, now funded independently through the sale of GINA products, have provided the foundation for many national guidelines. They are prepared by international experts from primary, secondary and tertiary care, and are annually updated following a review of evidence. In 2014, a major revision of the GINA report was published, that took into account advances in evidence not only about asthma and its treatment, but also about how to improve implementation of evidence-based recommendations in clinical practice. This paper summarises key changes relevant to primary care in the new GINA report. A noticeable difference is the report's radically different approach, now clinically-focussed, with multiple practical tools and flow charts to improve its utility for busy frontline clinicians. Key changes in recommendations include a new, diagnosis-centred definition of asthma; more detail about how to assess current symptom control and future risk; a comprehensive approach to tailoring treatment for individual patients; expanded indications for commencing inhaled corticosteroids; new recommendations for written asthma action plans; a new chapter on diagnosis and initial treatment of patients with asthma-COPD overlap syndrome; and a revised approach to diagnosing asthma in preschool children. The 2014 GINA report (further updated in 2015) moved away from a 'textbook' approach to provide clinicians with up-to-date evidence about strategies to control symptoms and minimise asthma risk, in a practical, practice-centred format
Altered phenotype of β-cells and other pancreatic cell lineages in patients with diffuse congenital hyperinsulinism in infancy due to mutations in the ATP-sensitive K-channel.
No full textDiffuse congenital hyperinsulinism in infancy (CHI-D) arises from mutations inactivating the KATP channel, however, the phenotype is difficult to explain from electrophysiology alone. Here we have studied wider abnormalities in the β-cell and other pancreatic lineages. Islets were disorganized in CHI-D compared to control. PAX4 and ARX expression was decreased. A tendency to increased NKX2.2 expression was consistent with its detection in two-thirds of CHI-D δ-cell nuclei, similar to the fetal pancreas and implying immature δ-cell function. CHI-D δ-cells also comprised 10% of cells displaying nucleomegaly. Increased proliferation in CHI-D was most elevated in duct (5-11 fold) and acinar (7-47 fold) lineages. Increased β-cell proliferation observed in some cases was offset by an increase in apoptosis; in keeping with no difference in INSULIN expression or surface area stained for insulin between CHI-D and control pancreas. However, nuclear localization of CDK6 and P27 was markedly enhanced in CHI-D β-cells compared to cytoplasmic localization in control cells. These combined data support normal β-cell mass in CHI-D, but with G1/S molecules positioned in favor of cell cycle progression. New molecular abnormalities in δ-cells and marked proliferative increases in other pancreatic lineages indicate CHI-D is not solely a β-cell disorder