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Phenotypic characterisation of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 exposed to X-radiation
No full textBiogeochemical processes mediated by Fe(III)-reducing bacteria such as Shewanella oneidensis have the potential to influence the post-closure evolution of a geological disposal facility for radioactive wastes and to affect the solubility of some radionuclides. Furthermore, their potential to reduce both Fe(III) and radionuclides can be harnessed for the bioremediation of radionuclide-contaminated land. As some such sites are likely to have significant radiation fluxes, there is a need to characterise the impact of radiation stress on such microorganisms. There have, however, been few global cell analyses on the impact of ionizing radiation on subsurface bacteria, so here we address the metabolic response of S. oneidensis MR-1 to acute doses of X-radiation. UV/Vis spectroscopy and CFU counts showed that although X-radiation decreased initial viability and extended the lag phase of batch cultures, final biomass yields remained unchanged. FT-IR spectroscopy of whole cells indicated an increase in lipid associated vibrations and decreases in vibrations tentatively assigned to nucleic acids, phosphate, saccharides and amines. MALDI-TOF-MS detected an increase in total protein expression in cultures exposed to 12 Gy. At 95 Gy, a decrease in total protein levels was generally observed, although an increase in a putative cold shock protein was observed, which may be related to the radiation stress response of this organism. Multivariate statistical analyses applied to these FT-IR and MALDI-TOF-MS spectral data suggested that an irradiated phenotype developed throughout subsequent generations. This study suggests that significant alteration to the metabolism of S. oneidensis MR-1 is incurred as a result of X-irradiation and that dose dependent changes to specific biomolecules characterise this response. Irradiated S. oneidensis also displayed enhanced levels of poorly crystalline Fe(III) oxide reduction, though the mechanism underpinning this phenomenon is unclear
Review of Omar Guillermo Encarnación (2014) Democracy without Justice in Spain. The Politics of Forgetting, Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press
No full textHow Is Pneumonia Diagnosed in Clinical Stroke Research? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textPrevalence and frequency of mHealth and eHealth use among smokers in the US and UK and differences by motivation to quit.
No full textBoth mHealth and eHealth interventions for smoking cessation are rapidly being developed and tested. There are no data on use of mHealth and eHealth technologies by smokers in general or by smokers who are not motivated to quit smoking.ObjectiveThe aims of our study were to (1) assess technology use (eg, texting, social media, Internet) among smokers in the United States and United Kingdom, (2) examine whether technology use differs between smokers who are motivated to quit and smokers who are not motivated to quit, (3) examine previous use of technology to assist with smoking cessation, and (4) examine future intentions to use technology to assist with smoking cessation.MethodsParticipants were 1000 adult smokers (54.90%, 549/1000 female; mean age 43.9, SD 15.5 years; US: n=500, UK: n=500) who were recruited via online representative sampling strategies. Data were collected online and included demographics, smoking history, and frequency and patterns of technology use.ResultsAmong smokers in general, there was a high prevalence of mobile and smartphone ownership, sending and receiving texts, downloading and using apps, using Facebook, and visiting health-related websites. Smokers who were unmotivated to quit were significantly less likely to own a smartphone or handheld device that connects to the Internet than smokers motivated to quit. There was a significantly lower prevalence of sending text messages among US smokers unmotivated to quit (78.2%, 179/229) versus smokers motivated to quit (95.0%, 229/241), but no significant differences between the UK groups (motivated: 96.4%, 239/248; unmotivated: 94.9%, 223/235). Smokers unmotivated to quit in both countries were significantly less likely to use a handheld device to read email, play games, browse the Web, or visit health-related websites versus smokers motivated to quit. US smokers had a high prevalence of app downloads regardless of motivation to quit, but UK smokers who were motivated to quit had greater prevalence of app downloads than smokers unmotivated to quit. US smokers were significantly more likely to have a Facebook account (87.0%, 435/500) than UK smokers (76.4%, 382/500), but smokers unmotivated to quit in both countries used Facebook less frequently than smokers motivated to quit. Smokers who were unmotivated to quit were less likely to have used eHealth or mHealth platforms to help them quit smoking in the past and less likely to say that they would use them for smoking cessation in the future.ConclusionsAlthough smokers unmotivated to quit make less use of technology than smokers motivated to quit, there is sufficient prevalence to make it worthwhile to develop eHealth and mHealth interventions to encourage cessation. Short and low-effort communications, such as text messaging, might be better for smokers who are less motivated to quit. Multiple channels may be required to reach unmotivated smokers
Calculation of Acoustic Green’s Functions using BEM and Dirichlet-to-Neumann-type boundary conditions
No full textHybrid computational aero-acoustic (CAA) solution schemes rely on knowledge of a scattering function known as a Green’s function to propagate source fluctuations to the far-field. Presently, these schemes are restricted to relatively simple geometries. We present here a computational method for evaluating Green’s functions within more geometrically complex regions, as a means of extending the versatility of existing hybrid schemes. The direct collocation implementation of the Boundary Element Method used in truncated, semi-infinite domains, introduces additional unknowns on the boundary. In this paper we develop a modified boundary element formulation to efficiently incorporate approximate Non-Reflecting Boundary Conditions for an arbitrary number of truncation boundaries. The boundary condition is based on the Dirichlet-to-Neumann mapping operator. Results are compared to known analytical Green’s functions for an infinite pipe as a means of validating the new code. The method achieves relative errors of less than 1% compared with the analytical solution for the highest mesh density tested. Execution time, known to be large for acoustic problems, is minimised through the use of multi-threading. The scheme is also applied to a more realistic example of a 2D throttle
Politics Personified:Portraiture, Caricature and Visual Culture in Britain, c. 1830-1880
No full textThe remarkable popularity and cultural resonance of political likenesses in the Victorian period is the central theme of this book, which explores how politicians and publishers exploited new visual technology to appeal to a broad public. The first extensive study of the role of commercial imagery in nineteenth century politics, Politics Personified shows how visual images created and reshaped political identities, constructed political narratives and projected a favourable public image of politics and political actors. Furthermore, it offers fascinating insights into how politicians themselves negotiated their relationship with this imagery. Drawing on a vast and diverse range of sources, including prints, photographs, paintings, illustrations, banners, statues, medals and coins, this book highlights how and why politics was visualised, but also how these images were critically received and used. Beginning with an examination of the visual culture of the 1832 Reform Act and the emergence of new visual technologies, the study investigates how Reformers, Conservatives and Radicals used portraiture to connect with supporters and build identity. The role of group portraiture in fashioning national reforming narratives and the presentation of MPs as independent representatives reiterates the importance of the image in any understanding of Victorian popular politics and political culture. The final part of the book examines how major politicians, including Lord Palmerston, William Gladstone and Benjamin Disraeli, interacted with mass commercial imagery. The book will appeal to a broad range of scholars and students across political, social and cultural history, art history and visual studies, cultural and media studies and literature
Search for strong gravity in multijet final states produced in pp collisions at 13 TeV using the ATLAS detector at the LHC
No full textCantos Cautivos: Online Archive of Songs of Political Captivity in Pinochet's Chile
No full textCantos Cautivos (Captive Songs) is a recently launched online archive of songs created, performed and listened to in the context of political detention and torture in Pinochet's Chile (1973--1990). This article contextualizes the project, provides an overview of its current materials, outlines a selection of challenges and highlights its contributions of music, accounts and documentation