Naresuan University Journal
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fMRI and MRS measures of neuroplasticity in the pharyngeal motor cortex.
No full textINTRODUCTION: Paired associative stimulation (PAS), is a novel non-invasive technique where two neural substrates are employed in a temporally coordinated manner in order to modulate cortico-motor excitability within the motor cortex (M1). In swallowing, combined pharyngeal electrical and transcranial-magnetic-stimulation induced beneficial neurophysiological and behavioural effects in healthy subjects and dysphagic stroke patients. Here, we aimed to investigate the whole-brain changes in neural activation during swallowing using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) following PAS application and in parallel assess associated GABA changes with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). METHODS: Healthy adults (n=11, 38±9years old) were randomised to receive real and sham PAS to the 'stronger' motor cortex pharyngeal representation, on 2 separate visits. Following PAS, event-related fMRI was performed to assess changes in brain activation in response to water and saliva swallowing and during rest. Data were analysed (SPM8) at
An Analysis of Consumer Search and Buying Behaviour in the US Airline Industry using Big Data
No full textCognitive ageing in Great Britain in the new century: Cohort differences in episodic memory
No full textBackground: Dementias in high income countries are set to be the third major burden of disease even as older people are increasingly required to think for themselves how to provide for their lives in retirement. Meanwhile the period of older age continues to extend with increase in life expectancy. This challenge demands an understanding of how cognition changes over an extended period in later life. But studying cognitive ageing in the population faces a difficulty from the fact that older respondents are liable to leave (attrite) before study completion. This study tested three hypotheses: trajectories of cognitive ageing in Britain show an improvement beyond the age of 50; and they are lifted by secular improvement in cognition across cohorts; lastly they are susceptible to distortion due to attrition. Methods and Findings: Using the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, this paper studied trajectories of episodic memory of Britons aged 50-89 from 2002 to 2013 (N=5931). Using joint models the analysis found that levels of episodic memory follow a curvilinear shape, not a steady decline, in later life. The findings also revealed secular improvement in cognitive ageing such that as a cohort is being replaced episodic memory levels in the population improve. The analysis lastly demonstrated that failure to simultaneously model attrition can produce distorted pictures of cognitive ageing. Conclusion: Old age in this century is not necessarily a period dominated by cognitive decline. In identifying behavioural factors associated with better cognitive ageing, such as social connections of traditional and online kinds, the paper raises possibilities of mustering an adequate response to the cognition challenge
Aspetti etici e giuridici del trattamento medico degli adolescenti con disforia di genere
No full textA nurse-facilitated cognitive behavioural self-management programme for heart failiure is no more cost effective than usual CBT care
No full textOrigins of major archaeal clades correspond to gene acquisitions from bacteria.
No full textThe mechanisms that underlie the origin of major prokaryotic groups are poorly understood. In principle, the origin of both species and higher taxa among prokaryotes should entail similar mechanisms--ecological interactions with the environment paired with natural genetic variation involving lineage-specific gene innovations and lineage-specific gene acquisitions. To investigate the origin of higher taxa in archaea, we have determined gene distributions and gene phylogenies for the 267,568 protein-coding genes of 134 sequenced archaeal genomes in the context of their homologues from 1,847 reference bacterial genomes. Archaeal-specific gene families define 13 traditionally recognized archaeal higher taxa in our sample. Here we report that the origins of these 13 groups unexpectedly correspond to 2,264 group-specific gene acquisitions from bacteria. Interdomain gene transfer is highly asymmetric, transfers from bacteria to archaea are more than fivefold more frequent than vice versa. Gene transfers identified at major evolutionary transitions among prokaryotes specifically implicate gene acquisitions for metabolic functions from bacteria as key innovations in the origin of higher archaeal taxa
OBOPedia: An Encyclopaedia of Biology Using OBO Ontologies
No full textOntologies contain knowledge about a domain for use by tools or hu-mans. A source of knowledge should be usable by a human to ‘find out about’or learn about the entities of a domain and their relationship to each other. Thecorpus of biomedical ontologies now contains ‘encyclopaedic’ knowledge aboutbiology and should be capable of being used by humans to learn about entitiesin molecular biology. Yet multiple separate ontologies and the typical style ofpresentation of the knowledge in the ontologies mean that their use as a learn-ing resource is sub-optimal. To address this issue we have created OBOPedia, aweb based encyclopaedia of biology as seen by the Open Biomedical Ontologies(OBO) Consortium. OBOPedia exploits the OBO’s use of standard representa-tions and meaningful human readable terms and natural language definitions tocreate a basic OBOPedia encyclopaedia entry. An entry is supplemented with anontology’s synonyms and uses the ontology’s taxonomic links to provide ‘seealso’ cross-references within the alphabetical list of entries. Currently, OBOPe-dia has access to ten OBO ontologies, including all the OBO Foundry ontolo-gies, which have a total of over 210,000 entries. Our evaluations indicate that anOBOPedia style of presentation has a role as an alternative way of presentingknowledge of a domain collected as an ontology or ontologies. OBOPedia offersanother view into a field of interest that is based on a collection of ontologies asa reference resource, but one in which a user need not know it is an ontology.OBOPedia may be used viahttp://www.obopedia.org.uk. The sourcecode and documentation for OBOPedia are available viahttps://bitbucket.org/adam944/ontologyencyclopaedi