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A Study of Burnout in Relation to Leadership Styles of Thai Employees
No full textWith the onset of globalization employee’s life styles and work environments have changed leading to more stressful conditions at work and in the long run a break down in daily functioning. The present study investigated if, burnout, a pathogenic construct can be impacted by utilization of different leadership styles in different organizations in Bangkok, Thailand.A sample size of 400 employees in executive and administrative positions was selected randomly, from different organizations. To measure burnout levels, the Maslach, Jackson, & Leiter (1996) burnout inventory (MBI) scale was utilized. To measure transformational and transactional leadership, the multifactor leadership questionnaire (MLQ) namely “Leadership dimension instrument” by Den Hartog, Muijen, and Koopmam (1997) and Bass and Avolio (1995; 2004) were used.The data was tested using quantitative methods of descriptive and inferential analyses. The Structural equation modeling tested hypotheses 1, 2, and 3. Hypothesis 1 was partly supported by the data and indicated that when a leader is transformational lower levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization are experienced. Hypothesis 2 was partly supported by the data and indicated that when a leader is transactional, the higher will be his personal accomplishment. Finally, Hypothesis 3 was partly supported by the data since employees who displayed transformational leadership styles in management position had higher levels of depersonalization dimension of burnout.This study can be extended to other cultures and the knowledge gained can be used to provide managers and administrators with an idea of what could elevate their burnout levels and suggestions for alleviating burnout levels are recommended. Keywords: Burnout, Leadership Styles, Thai Employee
Evaluation of Wind Energy Potential and Electricity Generation in Northern of Thailand
No full textWind energy assessment plays a vital role on determining installation of wind turbines in worldwide. Wind analysis is proposed to systematically assess the potential of electrical energy production from wind turbine. Statistical information of wind data and power curves of wind turbines were applied for establishment such as annual energy production and capacity factor. Several case studies are investigated in the northern region of Thailand, which has meteorological station (7 stations); these stations of 7 stations are applicable for wind speed and wind direction measurement at 40 meters from ground level. Direction of southwest monsoons results was revealed the annual average wind speed between 3.36-5.03 m/s. With the proposed methodology, a wind turbine with low cut-in wind speed is Fuhrländer 600kW and 1000 kW. It was found that MAEHAE station confirmed that high wind energy potential, approximately annual electricity production of 1.51 GWh and 1.72 GWh, respectively. Furthermore, the annual energy production has the most impact on financial parameters. Consequently, MAEHAE station can be recommended as one of the most feasible wind turbines for electricity generation under weak and moderate wind conditions in the considered sites in Northern of Thailand. Keywords: Wind Energy Potential, Northern of Thailan
Improvement of Symmetrical Gait Index in People with Chronic Stroke
No full textObjective: To compare the effect of the forward and the backward partial body weight support (PBWS) treadmill training on gait symmetrical index (SI) in people with chronic stroke.
Methods: Twenty people with chronic stroke were allocated into two groups; the forward (n = 10) and the backward (n = 10) PBWS treadmill training groups. Participants in both groups were matched by age range and severity score assessing by the Brunnstrom stage. They received the training program for 80 minutes over at least 2 sessions per week for 12 sessions. The program consisted of 60 minutes of the conventional physical therapy treatment and 20 minutes of the treadmill training (backward or forward). Gait SI variables were assessed and were compared within and between groups.
Results: For within group comparisons, the forward PBWS treadmill training showed significant differences of the step length symmetry (p-value = 0.009) and the single support time symmetry (p-value = 0.037) between pre- and post-training. Whereas, no significant difference of any gait SI variables was found between pre- and post-training in the backward PBWS treadmill training group. In between groups comparison, participants in the forward PBWS treadmill training group showed greater walking improvement than those of the backward PBWS treadmill training group in step length symmetry (p-value=0.019). While, participants in the backward PBWS treadmill training group showed greater improvement than those of the forward PBWS treadmill training group in the step time symmetry (p-value = 0.049).
Conclusions: After 12 sessions of training, the forward PBWS treadmill training group showed significant improvement in the step length symmetry and the single support time symmetry. Whereas, the backward PBWS treadmill training group show no significant improvement in all gait SI. When compare difference between groups, the forward PBWS treadmill training group showed greater improvement than those of the backward PBWS treadmill training group in the step length symmetry. Whereas, the backward PBWS treadmill training group showed greater improvement than those of the forward PBWS treadmill training group in the step time symmetry.
Keywords: Stroke, Forward walking, Backward walking, Treadmill training with partial body weight support, Gait asymmetr
ความสัมพันธ์ในแบบประเมินฟลักเมเยอร์–แอสเซสเมนท์,ดัชนีบาร์เทล,และสโตรกอิมแพคสเกล-16ในผู้ป่วยโรคหลอดเลือดสมองชนิดเรื้อรังที่อาศัยอยู่ในชุมชน
No full text International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health หรือ ICF Model ขององค์การอนามัยโลก (WHO) ถูกนำมาอธิบายในผู้ป่วยโรคหลอดเลือดสมองเกี่ยวกับความสัมพันธ์ของระหว่างความบกพร่องของร่างกาย และข้อจำกัดในการทำกิจกรรม พบว่ามีความสัมพันธ์ซึ่งกันและกัน แบบประเมิน Fugl-Meyer Assessment เป็นหนึ่งในแบบประเมินความบกพร่องของร่างกายที่มีความน่าเชื่อถือ มีความแม่นยำและประเมินได้อย่างครอบคลุมในทุกๆ ความบกพร่อง ส่วนแบบประเมิน Barthel Index และ Stroke Impact Scale-16 เป็นแบบประเมินข้อจำกัดในการทำกิจกรรมที่ประเมินได้ง่ายและใช้เวลาน้อย การศึกษาก่อนหน้านี้มีการศึกษาความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างแบบประเมิน Fugl-Meyer Assessment และแบบประเมินBarthel Index แต่ยังไม่มีการศึกษาถึงความสัมพันธ์กับแบบประเมิน Stroke Impact Scale-16 การวิจัยนี้จึงมีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาความสัมพันธ์ของแบบประเมิน Fugl-Meyer Assessment, Barthel Index และ Stroke Impact Scale-16 ในผู้ป่วยโรคหลอดเลือดสมองชนิดเรื้อรังในชุมชนโดยเก็บข้อมูลในผู้ป่วยโรคหลอดเลือดสมองชนิดเรื้อรังทั้งผู้ชายและผู้หญิงที่อาศัยในเขตกรุงเทพและปริมณฑลด้วยแบบประเมิน Fugl Meyer Assessment(FMA) ซึ่งประเมิน 5 ด้านได้แก่ การควบคุมการเคลื่อนไหว (motor function), การรับความรู้สึกผิวกายและตำแหน่งข้อต่อ (sensory function), มุมองศาการเคลื่อนไหวของข้อต่อของแขนและขา (joint range of motion), ความเจ็บปวดของข้อต่อขณะเคลื่อนไหว (joint pain), และการทรงตัว(balance) แบบประเมินBarthel Index (BI)ฉบับภาษาไทยเก็บข้อมูลโดยการสัมภาษณ์ และแบบประเมิน Stroke Impact Scale-16(SIS-16)ฉบับภาษาไทยโดยการสัมภาษณ์เช่นกัน พบว่า มีค่าความสัมพันธ์ของแบบประเมิน Fugl Meyer Assessment(FMA) กับแบบประเมิน Barthel Index (BI) หัวข้อการควบคุมการเคลื่อนไหว (motor function) ทั้งในส่วนของแขน (upper limb)(0.634)และขา(lower limb)(0.605), มุมองศาการเคลื่อนไหวของข้อต่อของแขนและขา (joint range of motion)(0.443) และระดับคะแนนรวมของแบบประเมิน Fugl Meyer Assessment(FMA)(0.637) มีค่าความสัมพันธ์กับแบบประเมิน Stroke Impact Scale-16(SIS-16)ในหัวข้อที่เหมือนกันคือ การควบคุมการเคลื่อนไหว (motor function) ทั้งในส่วนของแขน (upper limb)(0.597) และขา(lower limb)(0.592), มุมองศาการเคลื่อนไหวของข้อต่อของแขนและขา (joint range of motion)(0.401), และระดับคะแนนรวมของแบบประเมิน Fugl Meyer Assessment(FMA)(0.673)ซึ่งสอดคล้องกับ ICF model และยังพบว่าแบบประเมิน Barthel Index และแบบประเมิน Stroke Impact Scale-16ต่างก็มีความสัมพันธ์ที่ดีเยี่ยม (0.846) ซึ่งกันและกันด้วย
สรุปได้ว่า แบบประเมินทั้งสามมีความสัมพันธ์กัน โดยสามารถใช้ประเมินความบกพร่องของร่างกาย และข้อจำกัดในการทำกิจกรรมที่เป็นหัวข้อได้ตาม ICF model และยังสามารถเลือกแบบประเมิน Barthel Index หรือ Stroke Impact Scale-16 ในการประเมินข้อจำกัดในการทำกิจกรรมก็ได้
คำสำคัญ: ความสัมพันธ์ แบบประเมิน โรคหลอดเลือดสมอง ชุมชน
International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) by World Health Organization (WHO) was taken to explain stroke patient about impairment and activity limitation. Fugl-Meyer Assessment is a measurement of impairment for stroke patients that it had good reliability, validity, and covers all impairments. Barthel Index and Stroke Impact Scale-16 assessment are measurements of activity limitation that they are easy to assess and take less time to complete. Previous studies found correlation between Fugl-Meyer Assessment and Barthel Index in chronic stroke but there is no study in correlation with Stroke Impact Scale-16. The objective of the present study was to investigate the correlation between Fugl-Meyer Assessment, Barthel Index, and Stroke Impact Scale-16 in individuals with chronic stroke who live in community. This study collected in male and female individuals with chronic stroke living in Bangkok by three measurements. Fugl-Meyer Assessment was used to assess 5 domains include motor function of upper and lower extremity, sensory function, balance, joint range of motion and joint pain. Barthel Index Thai version was used to assess by interview as well as Stroke Impact Scale-16Thai version. The result found that Barthel Index and Fugl-Meyer Assessment had significant correlation with motor function (upper limb)(0.634)and (lower limb)(0.605), range of motion(0.443), and total scores of Fugl-Meyer Assessment)(0.637). Stroke Impact Scale-16 andFugl-Meyer Assessment had significant correlation with motor function (upper limb)(0.597) and (lower limb)(0.592) range of motion (0.401), and total scores of Fugl-Meyer Assessment)(0.673). Moreover, the result found good to excellent correlation (0.846) between Barthel Index andStroke Impact Scale-16.
Insummary, three measurements had correlation to assess impairment and activity limitation follow ICF model. Both Barthel Index and Stroke Impact Scale-16 could be used to assess of activity limitation as well.
Keywords: correlation, measurement, stroke, communit
Does the clinical context improve the reliability of rheumatologists grading digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis?
No full textPlanck 2015 results. V. LFI calibration
No full textWe present a description of the pipeline used to calibrate the Planck Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) timelines into thermodynamic temperaturesfor the Planck 2015 data release, covering four years of uninterruptedoperations. As in the 2013 data release, our calibrator is provided bythe spin-synchronous modulation of the cosmic microwave backgrounddipole, but we now use the orbital component, rather than adopting theWilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) solar dipole. This allowsour 2015 LFI analysis to provide an independent Solar dipole estimate,which is in excellent agreement with that of HFI and within \$1{\textbackslash}sigma\$(0.3\% in amplitude) of the WMAP value. This 0.3\% shift in thepeak-to-peak dipole temperature from WMAP and a global overhaul of theiterative calibration code increases the overall level of the LFI mapsby 0.45\% (30 GHz), 0.64\% (44 GHz), and 0.82\% (70 GHz) in temperaturewith respect to the 2013 Planck data release, thus reducing thediscrepancy with the power spectrum measured by WMAP. We estimate thatthe LFI calibration uncertainty is now at the level of 0.20\% for the 70GHz map, 0.26\% for the 44 GHz map, and 0.35\% for the 30 GHz map. Weprovide a detailed description of the impact of all the changesimplemented in the calibration since the previous data release
Visual input to the mouse lateral posterior and posterior thalamic nuclei: photoreceptive origins and retinotopic order
No full textIn addition to the primary thalamocortical visual relay in the lateral geniculate nuclei, a number of other thalamic regions contribute to aspects of visual processing. Thus, the lateral posterior thalamic nuclei (LP/Pulvinar) appear important for various functions including determining visual saliency, visually-guided behaviours and, alongside dorsal portions of the posterior thalamic nuclei (Po), multisensory processing of information related to aversive stimuli. However, despite the growing importance of mice as a model for understanding visual system organisation, at present we know very little about the basic visual response properties of cells in the mouse LP or Po. Prompted by earlier suggestions that melanopsin photoreception might be important for certain functions of these nuclei, we first employ specific viral tracing to show that a subset of retinal projections to the LP derive from melanopsin expressing retinal ganglion cells. We next use multielectrode electrophysiology to demonstrate that LP and dorsal Po cells exhibit a variety of responses to simple visual stimuli including two distinct classes that express melanopsin-dependent changes in firing (together comprising ∼25% of neurons we recorded). We also show that subgroups of LP/Po cells integrate signals from both eyes in various ways and that, within the LP, visual responses are retinotopically ordered. Together our data reveal a diverse population of visually responsive neurons across the LP and dorsal Po whose properties align with some of the established functions of these nuclei and suggest new possible routes through which melanopsin photoreception could contribute to reflex light responses and/or higher order visual processing. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Media effects on sustainable food consumption. How newspaper coverage relates to supermarket expenditures
No full textEmpirical investigation of the impact of using co-design methods when generating proposals for sustainable travel solutions
No full textThis paper presents an empirical comparison of idea generation within the context of reducing the number of single occupancy car journeys to and from a UK university campus. Separate co-design and consultative groups were matched with respect to 1) creativity when problem solving, 2) normal commuting mode and 3) intention to adopt sustainable behaviours. The co-design group generated a significantly greater number of innovative ideas than the consultative group (using an email based methodology); however this was due to the greater number of total ideas (rather than the higher proportion of innovative ideas) generated by this group. The co-design group was able to think more systemically about potential solutions and generate proposals that were not either linked to their own commute mode, or aligned with any one specific mode of transport. The findings suggest that co-design offers benefits as a process for idea generation within the sustainable travel context as it promotes idea generation and a more holistic perspective on the problem and potential solutions