Naresuan University Journal
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The Risk Indicators for the Return Volatility of Earnings Per Share: Evidence from Service Industry Firms Listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand
No full text This research was undertaken to examine the volatility of the earnings per share of firms in service industry listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand. Measuring risks by indicating the volatility of firms is one of key tools used to represent risks affecting firms’ capacity to generate returns, especially earnings per share. One hundred and forty-six service industry firms in Thailand listed on the SET and MAI were selected as the unit of analysis to collect secondary cross-sectional data about their average financial information in the annual reports submitted from 2016 to 2020. Multiple regression was employed for the analysis of the secondary data by using PLS-SEM statistics. The research results found that earnings per share influenced the size of service firms listed on the SET and MAI. The findings suggest that firms in the service industry will have increased earnings per share if they have a high level of risk. Additionally, the type of firm acted as a moderator in the model. In terms of implications, our findings suggest that the level of volatility could be used as a tool to assess firms and estimate and predict their future returns.
Keywords: Earnings Per Share, Risk Indicator, Service Industry Firms, SET, MAI, Volatilit
Important Considerations for Implementing Oral Rabies Vaccination of Free-roaming Dogs in Thailand Urban Communities
No full text This article challenges scientific research lacking social perspective and the conventional assumption that only humans have emotions and can think. Sixty free-roaming dogs from three Thailand provinces including Phitsanulok, Phetchabun, and Prachuap Khiri Khan were investigated by integrating human and animal studies and ethological framework. Three types of free-roaming dogs identified were dogs with owners, community dogs, and free-ranging dogs. The study found that dogs with owners mostly received vaccination whereas only half of the community dogs did receive them, and free-ranging dogs had neither vaccination nor sterilization. Offering Oral Rabies Vaccine (ORVs) via baits was possible only for community dogs if taste and type of baits were similar to existing local food. Nonetheless, the dogs only accepted baits from familiar voluntary feeders with specific characteristics and conditions, including the middle-aged to elderly woman, speaking in low-pitched voice, keeping distance 1-2 meters apart while placing baits, having no eye contact, and dominant or aggressive behavior during handing out baits. The mutual obligation between dogs and feeders is based on trust and emotional connectivity. Nonetheless, applying ORVs to community dogs was time consuming and required sufficient volunteers to observe their eating behaviors. Social stratification in the group allows alphas dogs to overtake ORVs resulting young female dogs few opportunities to reach the baits.
Keywords: Oral Rabies Vaccines (ORVs), Community Dogs, Free-roaming Dog
Food Security in Peri-urban Area, San Sai Luang Subdistrict, San Sai District, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand
No full text Peri-urban areas are locations next to the city that are linked by transportation. Consequently, they are impacted by the city’s horizontal expansion. This will ultimately result in a loss of suburban farmland. This article aims to investigate food security in the peri-urban subdistrict in San Sai Luang. 34 food availability questionnaires were distributed to agricultural producers along with surveying, and 134 household respondents were collected in order to study their consumption patterns. For analysis, descriptive statistics were applied. The results illustrate the three fundamental components of food security. The rice fields are unable to produce enough food for the population, so they must import food from nearby regions. Pesticide contamination is a threat to more than fifty percent of rice agriculture. The random sampling of vegetation from five local marketplaces found contamination of lettuce in the three markets in this study. In addition, contamination of kale and long beans was identified in certain markets. Second, food accessibility, the respondents can access food sources due to comprehensive transportation network. The respondents have just enough money to cover their food expenses, but they rarely have savings. This pertains to food insecurity in the event of future pandemics, political upheaval, and natural disasters. In addition, there is food disparity in the community, as individuals with higher earnings have easier access to food than those with lower incomes. Lastly, in regard to their food utilization, respondents have a high level of quantitative utilization, but they still carry the risk of not consuming enough nutrients and calories from their meals to meet the dietary requirement. Therefore, the San Sai Luang subdistrict needs to propose some strategies to minimize sensitivity to these three dimensions of food security and to build sustainable food stability in both family and community levels.
Keywords: Food Access, Food Availability, Food Security, Food Utilization, Peri-urban Area, Thailan
Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) – The Selective Way of Life for Unemployed Persons Affected by the Pandemic of COVID-19
No full text This research studied: 1) the influences of environmental factors on agricultural careers in Nong Mamong district, central Thailand, 2) acceptance by community households and leaders on unemployed persons starting agricultural careers, 3) agricultural knowledge, experience, and attitude of unemployed persons starting agricultural careers, and 4) limiting factors on unemployed persons starting agricultural careers. The sample size of household, community leaders, and unemployed persons sample was 374, 36 (28 male, 8 female, average age 50.9 years old) and 60 (14 male, 46 female, average age 46.4 years old) cases, respectively. A simple random sampling technique was used for data collection in households and community leaders, while the census technique was used for data collection in unemployed persons. This study was conducted using questionnaires with both open-ended and close-ended questions for data collection from household, community, and unemployed persons samples. The close-ended questions with a 2-point scale (0 and 1 points) were used for agricultural knowledge measurement, and the five-point Likert scale (1-5 points) questions were used for attitude on agricultural careers measurement among unemployed person samples. Results of the study showed that the farmers grew traditional mono-crops, especially rice, because sufficient water supply was only available during the seasonal rainfall. They were willing to create integrated agriculture to generate daily incomes, but they faced many obstacles in both environmental factors and factors limiting agricultural success. Most household members and community leaders accepted the unemployed persons starting agricultural careers. Most of the unemployed persons had moderate levels of both agricultural knowledge and attitude and were willing to start farming in their homeland. In this study area, major problems of agricultural careers were agricultural water deficiency, increasing production costs, and lack of marketing opportunities. The government and community sectors should play an essential role in solving these problems. The readiness of these community components and environmental factors played an important role in the success of Community-Supported Agriculture (CSA). Even though they faced limiting environmental factors such as lack of agricultural water supply, climate change, etc., community strength and government support helped them overcome these obstacles for their agricultural activities.
Keywords: Agricultural Careers, Community Supported, Selective Way of Life, Unemployed Person, The Pandemic of COVID-1
The Politics of Health Policy Coalitions in Implementing Community Isolation Policy: A Comparative Study in the Thai Upper Northeast Region
No full text This study aimed to explore the policy practices of different policy coalitions that participated in implementing the Community Isolation policy (CI) in two border provinces in Thailand, by adopting a comparative case study design which included interviews with 30 key policy actors. This research is significant because it explores the social acceptance of CI policy implementation, which is useful for improving preparations for future pandemic policies. The Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) was used to analyze the belief systems, resources, strategies, and coordination of different coalitions which implemented CI policy during a public health crisis. The study identified three policy coalitions in relation to the CI policy implementation and discovered that there was a shared belief system among the advocacy coalitions. The different local political contexts in the two provinces, however, offered different policy implementation challenges with the result that the members of each coalition applied or adjusted different strategies and resources to maintain their cross-coalition coordination. This study contributes to the understanding of CI policy implementation which has been one of the main policies of Thailand’s COVID-19 pandemic prevention strategy. It draws on a social science framework to investigate public health emergency issues which enhances academic dialogue across the public health science and social science disciplines. The benefits of this study include enriching knowledge and insight on policy theory and making a new contribution for future pandemic preparation.
Keywords: Health Politics, Policy Implementation, COVID-19, Border Provinces, Disease Prevention and Contro
Forecasting Short-Term Crude Oil Prices with a Deep Learning Approach
No full text This paper presents a multi-layer neural network model to forecast short-term crude oil prices. The model is designed and developed for learning and analyzing the volatility of oil prices based on demand and supply fundamentals and sentiment data from online news. Potential keywords from the news regarding oil prices and price movements were grouped, pre-processed, and used as the neural network’s input features. The stochastic gradient descent and regularization techniques were applied for neural learning. Designing the neural network for our study includes three models: The Fundamentals Model (FDM), Single Word Model (SWM), and Combined Word Model (CWM). Experimental results achieved show that the proposed model is promising for crude oil price forecasting for the next 1, 2, 3, and 5 days with mean absolute percentage errors of less than 3% for all test cases. There were also unnoticeable forecasting errors using demand-supply fundamentals alone and with sentiment data. However, our experiments have shown that the CWM had a higher Goodness-of-Fit to the model, and R-squared value, indicating greater predictability than the FDM and SWM models.
Keywords: Crude oil price, Sentiment data, Neural network, Short-term forecasting, Deep Feed Forwar