Naresuan University Journal
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How is value created and captured in smart grids? A review of the literature and an analysis of pilot projects
No full textProfitable business models for value creation and value capture with smart grid services are pivotal to realize the transition to smart and sustainable electricity grids. In addition to knowledge regarding the technical characteristics of smart grids, we need to know what drives companies and consumers to sell and purchase services in a smart grid. This paper reviews 45 scientific articles on business models for smart grid services and analyses information on value in 434 European and US smart grid pilot projects. Our review observes that the articles and pilots most often discuss three types of smart grid services: vehicle-to-grid and grid-to-vehicle services, demand response services, and services to integrate renewable energy (RE). We offer a classification of business models, value creation and capture for each of these services and for the different actors in the electricity value chain. Although business models have been developed for grid-to-vehicle services and for services that connect RE, knowledge regarding demand response services is restricted to different types of value creation and capture. Our results highlight that business models can be profitable when a new actor in the electricity industry, that is, the aggregator, can collect sufficiently large amounts of load. In addition, our analysis indicates that demand response services or vehicle-to-grid and grid-to-vehicle services will be offered in conjunction with the supply of RE
Precise strain profile measurement as a function of depth in thermal barrier coatings using high energy synchrotron X-rays
No full textWe have developed a method of directly measuring the strain gradient as a function of depth in plasma sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs). A 92.8 keV monochromatic synchrotron X-ray beam was used to penetrate the 10 × 10 × 8 mm samples in transmission geometry. The samples had been heated to 1150 °C and held at that temperature for 190 h. The diffraction patterns were collected using a DECTRIS pilatus3 X CdTe 300 K area detector. The patterns were analyzed by partial circular integration followed by full Rietveld refinement to obtain the lattice parameters of the TBC top coat at 25 μm intervals as function of depth. The coatings surviving the heat treatment process without significant damage were found to exhibit a variable compressive stress state inside the top coat. This was found to be about − 600 MPa at the bond coat interface decreasing in a non-linear fashion towards the surface. By refinement of the data collected from sectors of whole Debye Scherrer rings we were able to estimate both the in-plane and out-of-plane strain
Depressive symptomatology and associated factors in dementia in Europe: home care versus long-term care
No full textBackground: This study forms part of a larger European programme investigating the transition from home care to long-term care (LTC) facility in people with dementia (PwD) at the margins of LTC. The aim of this study was to explore the factors associated with depressive symptomatology in PwD in different settings. Methods: A total of 1,538 PwD, of which 957 received home care and 581 lived in a LTC facility, and their carers were interviewed. The Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD) measured depressive symptomatology. PwD completed measures of cognition and quality of life (QoL), and informal or formal carers completed measures on the PwD’ QoL, neuropsychiatric behavior, activities of daily living, comorbidities, pain, and falls. Logistic regression was used to assess which factors contributed to depressive symptomatology in the two settings. Results: Those receiving home care, living in Germany, and with severe dementia, showed the highest prevalence of depressive symptomatology. In the home care group, high levels of pain, neuropsychiatric behavior, and comorbidity, as well as low self- and proxy-rated QoL were factors associated with depressive symptomatology. In the LTC group, low proxy-rated QoL, more severe neuropsychiatric behavior, being a male informal carer and living in Germany were associated with depressive symptomatology. Conclusions: Evidence highlights the need for targeting different aspects in the management of depression in dementia, including offering improved pain management for those living in the community. Further research needs to explore cultural variations and carer gender factors associated with higher levels of depressive symptomatology
HLA-DRB*1501 Associations with Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measures of Grey Matter Pathology in Multiple Sclerosis
No full textBackground The HLA-DRB⁎1501 haplotype influences the risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS), but it is not known how it affects grey matter pathology. Aim To assess HLA-DRB⁎1501 effects on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cortical grey matter pathology. Methods Whole and lesional cortical grey matter volumes, lesional and normal-appearing grey matter magnetization transfer ratio were measured in 85 people with MS and 36 healthy control subjects. HLA-DRB⁎1501 haplotype was determined by genotyping (rs3135388). Results No significant differences were observed in MRI measures between the HLA-DRB⁎1501 subgroups. Conclusions The HLA-DRB⁎1501 haplotype is not strongly associated with MRI-visible grey matter pathology
