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Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs of Elderly in Phitsanulok
No full text Oral health is an important part of overall wellbeing of elderly in Thailand. Studies in many countries show that oral health status of elderly is poor and there is an urgent need to improve. Assessment of the oral health status and the needs of older people will aid in the organization of a prevention-oriented oral health care program to improve the quality of life of elderly. The purpose of this study was to describe the oral health status and dental treatment needs of an elderly population. The subjects were elderly people (60-92 years old), who live in Phitsanulok, Thailand. A total of 612 participants (158 males and 454 females, mean age 68.8±5.9) agreed to join the study. The oral examination was performed by one dentist to detect periodontal status The Community Periodontal Index: (CPI) and dental caries status ware reported as decayed, missing, or filled teeth (DMFT), followed those recommendation by the World Health Organization. In addition, prosthetic status and treatment needs were classified according to WHO criteria and also recorded. Information on self-perceived oral health problems, oral function and oral health behavior was obtained via questionnaires. The results showed that, thirty percent of subjects had no natural teeth. The mean DMFT score was 18.9±8.3 (DT=2.0±2.8, MT=16.3±8.3, FT=0.7±2.2) teeth per person. The mean number of DMFT and MT significantly increased with age, with MT dominating in the DMFT index (p<0.05). Thirty-five percent of subjects needed dental fillings and 20 % required tooth extractions. The percentage of elderly with shallow (4-6mm) and deep (>6 mm) periodontal pockets were 9.6 and 26.6 respectively. Half (49.9%) of all subject needed periodontal treatment. Forty-eight percent of subjects need both upper and lower jaw partial dentures, 8.5 % needed complete dentures. The top five of self-perceived oral problems of elderly were: dental caries; gum disease; halitosis; difficulty in chewing hard food and tooth sensitivity. The oral health status of elderly examined in this study was poor due to high levels of tooth loss, caries experience and prevalence of periodontal pockets. Dental care, especially prosthetic care, should be focused upon. Thus, oral health program that emphasizes prevention should be considered of particular important for elderly.
Keywords: Oral health, DMFT, CPI, elderly, Treatment Nee
Education Inequality in Thailand: The Case Study of Ordinary National Educational Test Score (O-NET)
No full textDue to a high level of competition in the 12th grade for university entrance examination, leading to popularity in taking extra classes among high school students. This is limited to poor people who cannot afford the course fees and may affect their O-NET scores. Our objective tried to answer that whether education inequality existing between the rich and the poor or not. We use O-NET score of 3 subjects (Mathematics, Science, and English) in 2013 and average household income of each province to locate the inequality of the test score between the rich and the poor. We selected the concentration curve to measure the inequality and the educational results were grouped into the quintile according to the household income in each province. The concentration index is computed and the results reveal that there is no strong inequality between the rich and the poor much following the test year. The results of concentration index are 0.0136, 0.007, and 0.0208 for the 6th grade, the 9th grade, and the 12th grade respectively. The index valued in positive area implied that the advantage group (Rich People) are having poor scores and other results are discussed. Keywords: Education Inequality, O-NET Results, Concentration Inde
A Comparison of the Significances of Garuda in Society, Arts and Architecture in Two South-East Asian Countries: Indonesia and Thailand
No full textThe aim of this study is to compare the significance of the influence of Garuda on Indonesian and Thai cultures. A comparative study of the Garuda will help to enhance the understanding of the values that are specific to the Thai and Indonesian cultures as well as the cultural traits and identities that are shared across cultures in these two nations.Methodologically-wise, this study is a textual, qualitative and comparative study. The author surveys and collects the texts that contain Garuda motifs from texts in Indonesia and Thailand and online sources. The author analyzes the information through the comparative approach in terms of the importance of Garuda in Indonesia and Thailand, to look for similarities and differences in the conventions of society, art, performances and architecture.The study reveals that there are many reasons why the concept of Garuda is significant in these two countries. Taken as an example, the belief that the king is an incarnation of the god Vishnu is prevalent in both Indonesia and Thailand. In Indonesia, Garuda is seen as an important entity which represents the holy vehicle, bearing many divine traits. This view is also held in Thailand. It is why the two countries put so much importance on the symbol of Garuda. The visible difference is, in Indonesia, the Garuda is represented as being more bird-like, with an eagle-like face, while in Thailand the Garuda has a human like face with a bird-like body. In Indonesia, the Garuda is seen more as the symbol of virtues, while in Thailand, it is associated with the institute of kingship. It is because in many stories Garuda symbolizes the virtues of knowledge, power, bravery, loyalty, and discipline. As the vehicle of Vishnu, Garuda also bears the attributes of Vishnu, which symbolize the preservation of the cosmic order. This is perhaps one of many reasons why the Indonesian founding-fathers adopted this image as the national emblem. While in Thailand, the symbol of Garuda is always associated with the institute of kingship, therefore, the symbol of Garuda stands for something sacred and holy; this is not the case in Indonesia, where the symbol of Garuda is seen more as the symbol of virtue. Keywords: Garuda, Virtue, Indonesia and Thailan
Financialization or capitalization? Debating capitalist power in South Korea in the context of neoliberal globalization
No full textThe article reviews debates concerning financialization in South Korea, with a focus on on-going arguments between liberal, post-Keynesian, institutionalist and Marxist economists. It argues that post-Keynesian and institutionalist perspectives in particular neglect important class processes through which the financial circuit operates within the Korean economy, especially the power of Korea's large, family-led conglomerates, or chaebol. In order to build upon Marxist approaches to Korean finance, we argue that Nitzen and Bichler's approach to the 'capitalization' of capitalist class power provides a useful heuristic for understanding the differential power of Korean chaebol and their integration into global capital
Search for the Standard Model Higgs boson produced in association with a vector boson and decaying into a tau pair in pppp collisions at s√=8s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
No full textA search for the standard model Higgs boson produced in association with a vector boson with the decay H → τ τ is presented. The data correspond to 20.3 fb − 1 of integrated luminosity from proton-proton collisions at √ s = 8 TeV recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC during 2012. The data agree with the background expectation, and 95% confidence-level upper limits are placed on the cross section of this process. The observed (expected) limit, expressed in terms of the signal strength μ = σ / σ SM for m H = 125 GeV , is μ < 5.6 (3.7). The measured value of the signal strength is μ = 2.3 ± 1.6
The Contribution of Whole Gene Deletions and Large Rearrangements to the Mutation Spectrum in Inherited Tumor Predisposing Syndromes.
No full textHeterozygous whole gene deletions (WGDs), and intragenic microdeletions, account for a significant proportion of mutations underlying cancer pre-disposition syndromes. We analysed the frequency and genotype-phenotype correlations of microdeletions in twelve genes (BRCA1, BRCA2, TP53, MSH2, MLH1, MSH6, PMS2, NF1, NF2, APC, PTCH1 and VHL) representing seven tumor predisposition syndromes in 5897 individuals (2611 families) from our Centre. Overall, microdeletions accounted for 14% of identified mutations. As expected, smaller deletions or duplications were more common (12%) than WGDs (2.2%). Where a WGD was identified in the germline in NF2, the mechanism of somatic second hit was not deletion, as previously described for NF1. For neurofibromatosis type 1 and 2, we compared the mechanism of germline deletion. Unlike NF1, where three specific deletion sizes account for most germline WGDs, NF2 deletion breakpoints were different across seven samples tested. One of these deletions was 3.93 Mb and conferred a severe phenotype, thus refining the region for a potential NF2 modifier gene to a 2.04 Mb region on chromosome 22. The milder phenotype of NF2 WGDs may be due to the apparent absence of chromosome 22 loss as the second hit. These observations of WGD phenotypes will be helpful for interpreting incidental findings from microarray analysis and next generation sequencing. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Postulate of a Mechanism for Temperature Programmed Reaction Spectroscopy (TPRS) Which Accounts for the Coincident Evolution of H2 and CO2 in the TPRS of Succinates and Formates Adsorbed on Cu: Description of a Novel Method for the Identification of the Surface Morphology of Cu on Supported Cu Catalysts
No full textThe combination of temperature programmed reaction spectroscopy, temperature programmed oxidation (TPO) and N2O reactive frontal chromatography (N2O-RFC) has shown that the adsorbate produced by dosing dimethylsuccinate on to a Cu/Al2O3 catalyst is a succinate species with 8 out of 10 surface Cu atoms having a succinate species adsorbed on them. The succinate species are bonded end-on and unidentate to the Cu atoms. This configuration constitutes a self-assembled monolayer. Temperature programming causes vicinal strands of the adsorbed succinate to interact, resulting in simultaneous dehydrogenation and decarboxylation, producing coincident evolution of H2 and CO2 in peaks at 668 and 793 K and leaving the C of the succinate chain on the Cu surface This C is removed by TPO, producing CO2 at a peak maximum temperature of 593 K. Prior to the oxidation of the C to CO2, TPO oxidises the Cu metal to CuO in the temperature range 323–493 K. Reduction of this CuO produces Cu metal whose metal surface area as measured by N2O-RFC is 9.8 m2 g−1, a value which is identical to that of the fresh Cu/Al2O3 catalyst. Therefore oxidation of the Cu metal to bulk CuO and re-reduction does not cause sintering of the Cu. However, the surface morphology of the Cu metal produced by reduction of the CuO has changed as evidenced by temperature programmed reduction (TPR) of the N2O surface oxidised Cu in H2/He (5 % H2 101 kPa). TPR of the N2O surface oxidised fresh Cu/Al2O3 has two peaks in H2 consumption at 395 and 410 K corresponding to Cu–O surface bond energies of 341 and 358 kJ mol−1. TPR of the N2O surface oxidised Cu metal, resulting from reduction of the CuO, has three peaks in the consumption of H2 at 410, 422 and 434 K corresponding to surface Cu–O bond energies of 379, 381 and 388 kJ mol−1. Hydrogen temperature programmed reduction of N2O surface oxidised Cu (and other metals) constitutes a particularly apt technique for the determination of surface Cu–O bond strengths and hence of the morphology of the Cu surface
Pd/C catalysts based on synthetic carbons with bi- and tri-modal pore-size distribution: applications in flow chemistry
No full textTwo new types of phenolic resin-derived synthetic carbons with bi-modal and tri-modal pore-size distributions were used as supports for Pd catalysts. The catalysts were tested in chemoselective hydrogenation and hydrodehalogenation reactions in a compact multichannel flow reactor. Bi-modal and tri-modal micro-mesoporous structures of the synthetic carbons were characterised by N2 adsorption. HR-TEM, PXRD and XPS analyses were performed for characterising the synthesised catalysts. N2 adsorption revealed that tri-modal synthetic carbon possesses a well-developed hierarchical mesoporous structure (with 6.5 nm and 42 nm pores), contributing to a larger mesopore volume than the bi-modal carbon (1.57 cm3 g–1 versus 1.23 cm3 g–1). It was found that the tri-modal carbon promotes a better size distribution of Pd nanoparticles than the bi-modal carbon due to presence of hierarchical mesopore limitting the growth of Pd nanoparticles. For all the model reactions investigated, the Pd catalyst based on tri-modal synthetic carbon (Pd/triC) show high activity as well as high stability and reproducibility. The trend in reactivities of different functional groups over the Pd/triC catalyst follows a general order alkyne >> nitro > bromo >> aldehyde
Individuals' experiences and opinions of psychological therapies for psychosis: A narrative synthesis.
No full textBeliefs, attitudes and expectations about therapy are likely to influence engagement, adherence and outcomes in psychological therapy but despite increased research interest in this area, the evidence has not been systematically reviewed or synthesised. This review is the first to explore service user beliefs by synthesising existing quantitative and qualitative research in order to develop a comprehensive understanding of beliefs about psychological therapy in people with psychosis and to identify gaps in the literature. Thirty-five papers were included in this review and synthesised. Themes and subthemes of both service user expectations (including outcomes, process and barriers) and experiences (including satisfaction, outcomes, process and therapist characteristics) are described. High levels of satisfaction and positive regard towards therapy for psychosis were found. However, many clients refuse, do not attend or withdraw from psychological therapy. Data were primarily limited to people who have completed therapy. Expectations about therapy have not been adequately addressed and warrant further exploration. Understanding and managing expectations, including consideration of fears, misconceptions, and potential challenges, could promote engagement. Exploration of beliefs, particularly in those who refuse or terminate therapy, is essential to further our understanding of factors affecting services users' decision-making processes, as well as the efficacy of therapy
