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Diagnostic Salivary Gland Imaging - A Review
No full textThe oral and maxillofacial diagnosticians are responsible for the detection, description, differentiation and diagnosis of salivary gland disorders. The algorithm of salivary gland imaging depends on the stage of the clinical disease. For the sake of ease of description, the salivary gland disorders can be broadly divided in to inflammatory, reactive and space-occupying masses. Diagnostic imaging of salivary gland disease may be useful in distinguishing diffuse involvement from focal suppurative involvement, differentiate and identify neoplastic processes from inflammatory disease, delineate ductal morphology, identify sialoliths, identify the effect of salivary gland pathology on adjacent structures, aid in the selection of biopsy sites, etc1. This article is aimed at reviewing the different imaging modalities and the current protocol of salivary gland imaging for different clinical situations
The Effect of Perceived Risk of COVID-19 on Anxiety: Developing a Scale
No full textBackground: The emergence of COVID-19 and its pandemic nature have increased fears and anxieties that have led to stigmatization worldwide. This fear and anxiety are directly related to the rate of transmission of the disease, its invisible presence in the environment, its spread, morbidity, and mortality. The aim of this study is to develop a data collection tool (a scale) that will evaluate perceived risk and anxiety of people living in Turkey regarding COVID-19, to propose a research model to describe the relationship between perception of risk and anxiety, and to form hypotheses.Methods: The number of participants from each province of Turkey was determined by considering the number of COVID-19 positive cases in the provinces and their populations. The study was conducted between April 2020 with the participation of 661 individuals through a link created on the internet.Results: The fit of the proposed model and the test of hypotheses were performed by using structural equation modeling. As a result of the study, it was determined that one unit increase in perceived health risk related to COVID-19 would lead to a 0.47 unit increase in anxiety, and one unit increase in perceived economic risk and inability to socialize would cause an increase of 0.18 and 0.15 units in anxiety, respectively.Conclusions: As a result of the study, it was determined that the variable that most affects people's anxiety is perceived health risk. COVID-19 scale can be used as a valid and reliable scale. It should be applied in larger and different sample groups
Pregnancy and Coronavirus Disease 19
No full textCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) is declared a global pandemic. Management of expecting mothers and newborn care becomes a great challenge to the physicians and their families. They should follow the same guidelines as the general population to avoid exposure to the virus as much as possible. Pregnancy does not seem to increase the risk of infection nor accelerate its natural history or the severity of illness. Routine prenatal-antenatal care should be home monitored and telemedicine encouraged as much as possible. Women with comorbidities or at high risk of infection such as a recent history of travel, from a containment zone, history of primary or secondary contact should be closely monitored for symptoms. RT PCR is recommended before labor or one day before elective surgery. Supportive treatment is important in infected patients. Low molecular weight heparin can be used for thromboprophylaxis in severe illnesses. Data on the use of Remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, Lopinavir-Ritonavir are limited. There is limited data on the placental transmission of the virus. The newborn should also be immediately be tested following the delivery of a COVID19 pregnant woman. If the newborn is found to be negative, strict hygienic measures according to CDC should be followed to express breast milk. According to WHO, breast milk banks are a safe alternative. Few mothers may prefer to give formula feeds, which can be administered by healthy caregivers. There is limited data regarding the transmission of the virus through breast milk
Teflon implants vs titanium implants in stapedotomy - A comparative study
No full textObjective: This study compares two types of implants- a Teflon piston and a titanium piston, used in stapes surgery for otosclerosis. Study Design: A non-randomised prospective study conducted on 40 patients, in 2 groups of 20 each, undergoing stapedotomy in a tertiary care hospital. Pure tone audiometry results were noted preoperatively and 3 weeks post-operatively.Results: Both Teflon and titanium prostheses provided almost equal benefits to patients in terms of Air-Bone gap closure.Conclusion: While there is statistically no significant difference in the results observed, surgical skill of the operating surgeon plays an important role in hearing improvement and long-term results would require long term evaluation
Assessment of Bisphenol A Release by Orthodontic Aligners : In Vitro Study
No full textBackground : In orthodontic practice, for several years we have witnessed the rise of orthodontics for adults who are particularly concerned about their appearance and who most often refuse conventional metal multi-brackets. Technological advances and new materials currently allow patients to receive orthodontic treatments with invisible devices, namely orthodontic aligners. Although the thermoplastic materials that make up these aligners are biocompatible, they are not inert; In order to protect the health of our patients, it has been proposed to demonstrate a possible release of bisphenol A (BPA) by orthodontic aligners and to determine its concentration through an in vitro study. Methods : Our sample consisted of 10 new orthodontic aligners "SCHEU Dental Clear Aligner®" and 10 aged orthodontic aligners from the same supplier recovered after an average stay in the mouth of 15 days. Each aligner was immersed in 30 ml of artificial saliva. Samples were taken regularly for 2 weeks to monitor a possible release of bisphenol over time by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Results : Interpretation of the chromatograms of bisphenol samples in new and aged aligners did not show traces of bisphenol for up to 8 weeks.Conclusion: Further research with a larger sample and a longer duration will lead to more conclusive results since current scientific data report effects at very low doses
Burden and Trends of Leishmaniasis over the last one Decade Across the Globe: Trend Analysis of WHO Regions
No full textIntroduction: In terms of the global burden of diseases, leishmaniasis is the third most serious and often fatally untreated tropical disease. The number of people suffering from leishmaniasis is estimated to be 12–15 million. Because of the comparatively underestimated reported number of cases, leishmaniasis is not seen as an immediate health issue in various regions by local and international health policymakers. Therefore, strong evidence is required for policymakers to make decisions. Therefore, we aimed to conduct secondary data analysis to assess the trends of Leishmaniasis over the last decade and understand the endemicity of different regions for Leishmaniasis across the world. Methods: We undertook a retrospective study with secondary data analysis of the WHO data from 2008 to 2018, publicly available, for cutaneous and visceral Leishmaniasis. The data for around 194 countries were included in the analysis and these countries were merged into different regions based on the WHO classification. We categorized all 94 countries into regions such as America, Europe, Africa, South-East Asia, the Eastern Mediterranean, and Western Pacific. Since the data were limited to the frequency of cases and there were no other variables, therefore, we were able to do the descriptive analysis. Results: Generally, the number of cutaneous Leishmaniasis cases has declined for all regions except for the Eastern Mediterranean region. A declining trend of imported cases of cutaneous Leishmaniasis was found for all regions mainly from 2015 to 2018. The cases of visceral leishmaniasis in the Eastern Mediterranean region, Africa, America, and Europe have remained stable. However, after remaining stagnant for about four years, the number of visceral leishmaniasis in South Asia showed a steep decline. Of the 194 countries, 76.39% are considered as endemic for cutaneous Leishmaniasis and 44.3% are considered as endemic for visceral Leishmaniasis. Conclusion: Though cases of Leishmaniasis have decreased over the past decade, regions need to make efforts to capture the true number of cases with an effective surveillance system. There appears to be a stable trend in most countries, although it is unclear whether that trend is due to regulation steps taken by various governments or to cases being underreported. Governments in various regions therefore need to make efforts to identify true cases and to take effective control steps
Impact of Visiting Community-Based Psychosocial Support Centres on the Well-Being of Cancer Patients: Exploration of Evaluation and Effects
No full textAim: Community-based psychosocial support centres for cancer patients and their relatives (CBPSCs) in the Netherlands offer easily accessible contacts with fellow patients and support by trained volunteers and/or professionals. We studied if the participants in the social support and/or therapy activities are satisfied with these services and if the visits do affect their well-being in terms of bodily and emotional health and their health quality of life (HQoL).Methods: In 25 CBPSCs, 701visitors filled out a web-based questionnaire about their experiences with CBPSCs. Within this sample, 203 participants answered a part of the questionnaire again after 3-5 months about their personal characteristics, the type participation at the visits, their satisfaction with the offered activities, the experienced health complains, and three HQoL questions of the EORTC measure.Results: The study confirms the significance of CBPSCs contacts with fellow patients, resulting in satisfaction with the increased communication about their illness and talks about their problems. The results show further that after a 3-5 months the health complains did not change, but the HQoL decreased significantly for all visitors, except for more serious ill patients in comparison with less ill patients. Discussion and conclusion CBPSCs play an important and highly evaluated role in psycho-oncological support. The visit for serious ill patients may function as a buffer for preventing the decrease of their HQoL. Insight in effects of such visits is still limited in other studies. Differences in the health care organization restrict the comparability with the CBPSCs in other countries. More studies are needed to show the long-term effects of CBPSCs visits
The Survival after Laparoscopic Versus Open Curative Excision for Rectal Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study
No full textBackground: Management of rectal cancer has been evolved over the past two decades with the introduction of total mesorectal excision (TME) and laparoscopic resection. Objective: This study aims to assess the difference in the long-term outcomes after laparoscopic and open resection for potentially curable, non-metastatic rectal cancer patients.Methods: This is a retrospective study which has been conducted in a single tertiary care center where the patients were recruited from the colorectal database of the Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery at King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre (KFSH&RC). It included all the patients who had non-metastatic rectal cancer and underwent laparoscopic or open curative resection regardless of their age or the comorbid status during the period from January 2012 – December 2015. We studied the long-term outcomes for those patients which included the completeness of resection of the tumor, overall 3-year survival, 3-year disease-free survival, local recurrence, and distal recurrence of cancer.Results:120 patients were included in this study, 69 of them were males and 51 were females. 86 (71.7%) of them underwent open surgery while 34 (28.3%) underwent laparoscopic surgery. After a mean follow-up of 32.4 months: 104 patients were alive, 7 deceased, and 9 were lost of follow-up. Local recurrence in the open approach (OA), and laparoscopic approach (LA) groups was 3/86 (3.5%) and 4/34 (11.8%) respectively. Distal recurrence occurred in 12/86 (14%) of OA and 5/34 (14.7%) of LA. Overall 3-years survival for OA and LA was 89% and 97% respectively and the 3-years disease-free survival was 49% and 57% respectively.Conclusion: Laparoscopic and open rectal excision were similar in their outcome.
Laryngeal Amyloidosis: A Case Report
No full textIntroduction: laryngeal amyloidosis is an uncommon localized form of amyloidosis. The clinical symptomatology is not specific, and the diagnosis should be evoked in a persistent dysphonia.Case report: A 45-year-old patient who had consulted for dysphonia lasting for 2 years. The nasofibroscopy showed an infiltrative lesion of the vocal cords. The laryngeal biopsy was performed and revealed laryngeal amyloidosis. Search for other locations was negative.Conclusion: dysphonia is the most common symptom of laryngeal amyloidosis. Monitoring is extended because of the risk of recurrence and systemic dissemination
The Acute Ischemic Stroke Induced by Covid-19 Disease - A Case Report
No full textIntroduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is the agent of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), may attack the central nervous system in addition to the respiratory system because of its neuro-invasive features. Increased inflammation, immobilization, hypoxia, and disseminated intravascular coagulation may predispose to cerebrovascular diseases.Case Report: A 73 years old man presenting to the emergency service with complaints of dyspnea, cough, and high fever was admitted to the hospital after being diagnosed as having COVID-19 upon findings of ground-glass densities and mild parenchymal involvement which was more prominent in the mid-and lower lobes of the lungs on his computerized tomography scan. His treatment was started with chloroquine, azithromycin, ceftriaxone, and enoxaparin. On the neurological exam performed for symptoms of dizziness, imbalance, speech disorder, and deviation of angle of mouth; he was conscious, cooperating, oriented limitedly and the right nasolabial groove was indistinct and he had dysarthria and ataxia. Acetylsalicylic acid was added to the treatment because cerebral diffusion magnetic resonance imaging revealed limited diffusion consistent with acute ischemia on the right posterolateral area of the bulbous. The patient whose respiratory distress worsened and who was admitted to the intensive care unit developed cardiac and respiratory arrest and he died despite all efforts of resuscitation.Conclusion: It should be kept in mind that the elderly patients with Covid-19 with prothrombotic risk factors are also at risk for cerebrovascular disease in addition to the infectious symptoms. In this case report, a patient infected with SARS-CoV-2 and diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke with anamnesis, clinical and radiological findings is presented.