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Phi Beta Kappa, Psi of California Chapter, Induction Ceremony 2025
No full texthttps://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/pbk_induction_ceremony_2025/1015/thumbnail.jp
Phi Beta Kappa, Psi of California Chapter, Induction Ceremony 2025
No full texthttps://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/pbk_induction_ceremony_2025/1019/thumbnail.jp
Phi Beta Kappa, Psi of California Chapter, Induction Ceremony 2025
No full texthttps://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/pbk_induction_ceremony_2025/1038/thumbnail.jp
The Value of Holidays in World War I America
Get PDFWorld War I affected what people valued, which in turn impacted American celebrations of the Fourth of July and Christmas. These two holidays became patriotic ways to demonstrate unswerving loyalty to the U.S. government, with charitable pursuits, parties, and even meals altered due to the need for victory. These holidays impacted the war in turn by bolstering morale on the homefront and overseas, and strengthening Americans’ emotional connection to the war.
Surprisingly, the Fourth of July became an international holiday which emphasized the United States’ historical ties to France, and the shared values between the United States and Great Britain. However, many Black Americans were disillusioned by the idea that the war was “for democracy,” when they themselves were discriminated against so severely at home and within the armed forces. Instead of celebrating the Fourth and its fraught history, many celebrated Emancipation Day instead, a smaller patriotic holiday commemorating the end of slavery.
Christmas had long been considered a secular, as well as religious, holiday, but wartime made it patriotic. Celebrations became a vehicle to raise morale for soldiers, as the Red Cross worked tirelessly to provide homesick soldiers with gifts and parties. It was a way to prove loyalty on the homefront, with gifts becoming a litmus test to prove that one would not waste money that could be used to win the war. Conversely, some Jewish Americans were frustrated by the idea of a “secular” Christmas, as this amplified the Christian dominance of the U.S. religious landscape. But, refusing to celebrate a “patriotic” holiday was risky due to the heightened patriotic fervor. Jewish holidays such as Rosh Hashanah were not given equal prominence to Christmas by the United States government, even though a patriotic and religious holiday was clearly possible. Nonetheless, Jewish American communities altered their celebrations of the Jewish New Year to highlight their loyalty and commitment to victory.
Overall, the preferred method of celebrating two key holidays in WWI imposed a system of values on the diverse American population, values that left out significant portions of that population with demands of uniformity
Dog Skull Shape Challenges Assumptions of Performance Specialization from Selective Breeding
Get PDFThrough selective breeding, humans have driven exceptional morphological diversity in domestic dogs, creating more than 200 recognized breeds developed for specialized functional tasks such as herding, protection, and hunting. Here, we use three-dimensional reconstructions of dog skulls to ask whether these function-oriented kennel-club groups reflect differences in morphology that correspond to those functions. We analyzed 117 canid skulls, representing 40 domestic dog breeds and 18 wild subspecies, using geometric morphometric techniques and k-means clustering. Results show near-full overlap in kennel-club groups and with natural species, except for companion dogs having extreme snout shape. When categorized by task-specific historic function (i.e., bite work and scent work), this morphology overlap remains. These results indicate that, despite producing extreme morphological diversity, humans have not produced breeds specialized for functional tasks
Biobased Acrylate Composites with Enhanced Strength for Additive Manufacturing
Get PDFWith the expanding use of polymers in additive manufacturing, sustainable resins for use in vat photopolymerization are required to reduce their environmental impact. One promising approach to achieve this is to incorporate biobased fillers that replace the acrylates in photopolymer resins as ‘green’ alternatives. In this study, photopolymer composites consisting of a methacrylate resin with varying calcium carbonate powder content between 0 and 50 wt.% were investigated. A digital light processing technique was used to fabricate tensile test specimens for mechanical testing. Good printability, dimensional accuracy, and good interlayer adhesion were observed for composite resin formulations that incorporated calcium carbonate up to 50 wt.%. Green parts were subsequently washed and exposed to ultraviolet radiation at various post-cure temperatures between 20 and 80 °C. Specimens were tested on an Instron universal testing machine to evaluate stress–strain characteristics, which included Young’s modulus, ultimate tensile strength, yield strength at 0.2% offset, resilience, toughness, and percent elongation at break. Elevated calcium carbonate content and higher post-cure temperatures demonstrated higher Young’s modulus values, reaching 4297 MPa for 50 wt.% calcium carbonate at a post-cured temperature of 80 °C, indicating increased stiffness and resistance to elastic deformation under load for the compositions with increased biobased filler content. The ultimate tensile strength of the composite resin formulations was higher when exposed to elevated curing temperatures and remained between 22 and 32 MPa for all concentrations of calcium carbonate. The biobased composites evaluated in this study demonstrated that the modification of acrylate resins with biobased filler powders such as calcium carbonate is a feasible approach to sustainably enhance the mechanical properties of polymeric materials for additive manufacturing
The Enduring Legacy of Grothendieck’s Duality Theorem
No full textWe discuss the evolution of the theory of duality between holomorphic functions and analytic functionals. The theory originated with the work of Fantappié, but was transformed into a much more far-reaching theory through the work of Grothendieck and the development of the theory of locally convex topological vector spaces. The ideas brought forward in that context eventually led to Sato’s discovery of hyperfunctions and remain very much alive in modern work on hypercomplex analysis.https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/scs_books/1065/thumbnail.jp
Impact of Resistance Training on Bone During 40% Caloric Restriction in Growing Female Rats
Get PDFThere is a growing trend in the use of severe caloric restrictive diets among normal weight young females that can jeopardize bone health. Using an animal model, the purpose of this study was to determine whether resistance training (RT) could maintain bone health during a 6-week severe caloric restrictive (CR) diet in growing female rats. Twenty-four female rats (~ 8 weeks old) were randomly divided into the following groups: sedentary rats fed a normal diet (N = 8), sedentary rats fed a 40% CR diet (D = 8), and an RT group fed a 40% CR diet (DT = 8). The DT group climbed a vertical ladder four consecutive times (per exercise session) with weights appended to their tail 3 days/week for a total of 6 weeks. Tibial bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans and bone mechanical properties were measured. After 6 weeks, the body mass (Mean ± SD) of CR-fed groups (D & DT = 202.8 ± 10.7 g) was significantly lower than N (275.5 ± 25.3 g). Tibial BMD (g/cm2) for D (0.196 ± 0.012) was significantly lower vs. N (0.213 ± 0.013), resulting in a 7.9% decline. The tibial BMD for DT (0.206 ± 0.009) resulted in a 3.3% decline compared to N that was not significantly different. Bone mechanical properties were significantly greater for DT compared to D, but not significantly different compared to N. Resistance training has the potential to maintain bone health during severe caloric restriction in growing female rats
A Review of Racial Differences and Disparities in ECG
Get PDFThe electrocardiogram (ECG) is a widely used, non-invasive tool for diagnosing a range of cardiovascular conditions, including arrhythmia and heart disease-related structural changes. Despite its critical role in clinical care, racial and ethnic differences in ECG readings are often underexplored or inadequately addressed in research. Variations in key ECG parameters, such as PR interval, QRS duration, QT interval, and T-wave morphology, have been noted across different racial groups. However, the limited research in this area has hindered the development of diagnostic criteria that account for these differences, potentially contributing to healthcare disparities, as ECG interpretation algorithms largely developed from major population data may lead to misdiagnoses or inappropriate treatments for minority groups. This review aims to help cardiac researchers and cardiovascular specialists better understand, explore, and address the impact of racial and ethnic differences in ECG readings. By identifying potential causes—ranging from genetic factors to environmental influences—and exploring the resulting disparities in healthcare outcomes, we propose strategies such as the development of race-specific ECG norms, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) to improve diagnostic accuracy, and the diversification of ECG databases. Through these efforts, the medical community can advance toward more personalized and equitable cardiovascular care
Dimension-free Estimates for Low Degree Functions on the Hamming Cube
Get PDFThe main result of this paper are dimension-free Lp inequalities, 12, ε\u3e0, and θ=θ(ε,p)∈(0,1) satisfying 1/p=θ/(p+ε)+(1−θ)2
we obtain, for any function f:{−1,1}n→C whose spectrum is bounded from above by d, the Bernstein–Markov type inequalities ∥Δkf∥p≤C(p,ε)kdk∥f∥1−θ2∥f∥θp+ε,k∈N.
Analogous inequalities are also proved for p∈(1,2) with p−ε replacing p+ε. As a corollary, if f is Boolean-valued or f:{−1,1}n→{−1,0,1}, we obtain the bounds ∥Δkf∥p≤C(p)kdk∥f∥p,k∈N.
At the endpoint p=∞ we provide counterexamples for which a linear growth in d does not suffice when k=1.
We also obtain a counterpart of this result on tail spaces. Namely, for p\u3e2 we prove that any function f:{−1,1}n→C whose spectrum is bounded from below by d satisfies the following upper bound on the decay of the heat semigroup: ∥e−tΔf∥p≤exp(−c(p,ε)td)∥f∥1−θ2∥f∥θp+ε,t\u3e0,
and an analogous estimate for p∈(1,2).
The constants c(p,ε) and C(p,ε) depend only on p and ε; crucially, they are independent of the dimension n