37495 research outputs found
Sort by
Intersectional Predictors of Early Mathematics Identity Among Underrepresented Engineering-interested Students
Full text linkThis study examines the intersectional factors influencing early mathematics identity development among underrepresented secondary students (grades 9-10) with aspirations in engineering. Mathematics identity is a well-established predictor of long-term persistence in engineering, making its early formation critical to understanding student retention in the engineering pipeline. Grounded in Bronfenbrenner\u27s bioecological framework, this study situates learning within nested layers of influence. Using data form the nationally representative High School Longitudinal Study of 2009 (HSLS:09), which includes over 23,000 9th-graders, a hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted. The analysis examined intersections of race and gender identity across 16 variables spanning individual, micro-, meso-, and exosystem factors, controlling for 8th-grade mathematics scores. Results revealed that the model explained 58.8% of the variance in mathematics identity (F[24],[176]=121.11,p\u3c .001). Developing a community of practice - characterized by having a math or science mentor and participating in a school math club - emerged as a key mesosystemic predictor (beta=.371, p=.004) of 9th-grade math identity (beta=.367, pÁ.001) and current math interest (beta=.377,p\u3c .001) among engineering-aspiring students. These findings highlight the critical role of mesosystemic support in fostering early mathematics identity and provide a robust predictive framework for broadening participation of underrepresented students in engineering pathways. Implications for educators, policymakers, and curriculum designers include fostering inclusive communities of practice and enhancing support systems to promote equitable engineering opportunities
Debris Flow Risk Assessment via Numerical Simulation: A Case Study in Northeast China
No full textThe mountainous area of eastern Liaoning is the only debris flow disaster-prone zone in Northeast China. Houses in this area are predominantly built downstream in the valleys along river sides, which are highly susceptible to debris flow hazards. This is particularly evident in the Wudaogou region, where multiple debris flow disasters have occurred during the past decades. Field investigations have revealed a significant presence of loose solid materials within the basin, posing a high risk of re-triggering debris flows. To identify potential hazard zones and estimate the damage conditions of buildings under debris flow impacts, numerical simulation using MassFlow and finite element modeling is conducted in this study. In the absence of detailed building damage information, we established a response model of buildings subjected to debris flows, achieving a quantitative risk assessment for debris flow disasters in the Wudaogou area. Using finite element modeling, we constructed a numerical model for the single-story brick-wood structures widely present in rural Northeast China. By quantifying the building damage degrees under different debris flow intensity combinations using inter-story drift angles, we developed a building vulnerability function correlating structural damage with debris flow intensity indices. This vulnerability function is then used to estimate the degree and extent of building damage in the study area under potential debris flows. Experimental results show that such buildings exhibit poor disaster resistance. When the debris flow velocity exceeds 6 m/s or the debris flow thickness reaches 1 m, these buildings are likely subjected to moderate or higher degrees of damage. When the velocity reaches 10 m/s or the thickness exceeds 2 m, these buildings face a risk of collapse. Statistical data on the evaluation results reveal that the most severe damage occurs to buildings located on the eastern side of the river and near the gully mouth. In the most extreme debris flow disaster scenario, 57% of the buildings would suffer varying degrees of damage, and 14% would be destroyed by the debris flow. This comprehensive approach generated debris flow risk maps and potential building damage degrees effectively in the absence of detailed building damage information, providing valuable insights for debris flow risk assessment in the eastern Liaoning region
Exploring Teacher Educators’ Selection of Critical Events to Support Noticing for Equity
No full textVideo artifacts of teaching have shown great promise for supporting both prospective and practicing mathematics teachers to adopt new perspectives to make sense of classroom interactions (Gaudin & Chaliès, 2015; Santagata et al., 2021). Video analysis supports teachers developing a professional vision of ambitious and responsive instruction, learning to notice the complexity of student mathematical thinking, and examining the impact of teachers’ practice on learning (Amador et al., 2021, 2023; Santagata, 2010; Sherin & van Es, 2009). The promise of video has led researchers to investigate how features of video can provoke teachers to develop new insights about mathematics instruction that can lead to improvements in teaching (Amador et al., 2020; Richards et al., 2021; Superfine & Bragelman, 2018). With increasing use of video for professional development (Atal et al., 2023; Gaudin & Chaliès, 2015; Major & Watson, 2018; van Es et al., 2020), research is needed that examines the nature of video artifacts of instruction and how they contribute to supporting teacher learning
Sociodemographic Disparities in Positive Life Experiences
No full textIndividuals’ daily positive life experiences, from having a good conversation to taking a relaxing bath, may be thought of as mundane, but when added together they may be key contributors to making life meaningful and enjoyable. Some individuals, however, may have more frequent access to positive life experiences or may be able to enjoy them more. We used data from the Midlife Development in the US Study to examine disparities in overall frequency and enjoyment of positive life experiences across socioeconomic status (SES), race, and sexual orientation (with consideration of gender and age), as well as whether positive experiences may mediate associations between sociodemographic characteristics and psychological health and well-being (life satisfaction, positive affect, depressive and anxiety symptomatology), as measured concurrently with positive experiences (Study 1; N = 2,118). We then extended these analyses to 3 indicators of well-being (positive and negative affect, life satisfaction) measured 7 years later (Study 2; N = 1,182). We found that people of lower SES, Black people, other people of color, and gay/bisexual people had a lower frequency of positive experiences. Similar patterns were seen for enjoyment, but with smaller effect sizes. Racial associations with positive experiences were attenuated after adjustment for SES. In mediation analyses, positive experiences mediated associations between greater SES and better psychological health and well-being. Positive experiences also appeared to play a role in the lower life satisfaction observed in gay/bisexual participants. Potential disparities in accessing and engaging in positive life experiences, and the role of such disparities in well-being, warrant further study
\u3cem\u3ePlato’s Moral Realism\u3c/em\u3e by Lloyd Gerson (review)
Full text linkA review of Plato’s Moral Realism by Lloyd Gerson
Advancements in Refreshable Braille Display Technology: A Comprehensive Survey
Full text linkThis paper provides a comprehensive mapping literature review of the advancements in refreshable Braille display (RBD) technology, which employs dynamically movable pins or dots to render Braille characters for individuals with blindness and visual impairment. This literature review, which includes 96 papers, aims to summarize the current evidence on six distinct types of RBDs: piezoelectric, electromagnetic, electroactive polymer (EAP), pneumatic, shape memory alloy (SMA), and microfluidic technologies. For each type, we discuss the underlying mechanisms, alongside the current trends and research opportunities. This comparative analysis aims to inform the selection of appropriate RBD technology based on specific user needs and application contexts. Our findings highlight the diverse approaches in RBD design, emphasizing innovations that enhance tactile feedback, durability, and portability
Small Current, Big Potential: Bridging Mechanistic Insight of the SK Channel with Translational Promise
Full text linkAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmia, with a lifetime risk of approximately 1 in 4 for adults aged 40 years and above. Despite advances in clinical management, AF remains a major public health concern. Its burden extends beyond symptoms; it quadruples the risk of heart failure and increases the likelihood of stroke fivefold – strokes that are often more severe and fatal than those unrelated to AF. In the United States alone, AF-associated healthcare costs exceed $26 billion annually, and the cost is projected to grow as the population ages (Ko et al., 2025). Regarding current treatments, anti-coagulation is largely palliative; anti-arrhythmic drugs (AADs) often have limited efficacy and carry proarrhythmic risks; while catheter ablation is invasive and frequently followed by recurrences. Additionally, none of these approaches reverses the underlying electrical and structural remodelling that maintain AF. Therefore, there is a growing need for therapies that target the disease at the mechanistic level while minimizing side effects
Introduction to \u3cem\u3eContemporary Facets of Injustice\u3c/em\u3e
No full textInjustice itself is too infrequently the subject of direct rumination, with one notable exception being Judith Shklar’s The Faces of Injustice. The chapters in this volume consider some contemporary injustices, revealing their presence in ways that help to explain current issues that range from inequities in food access to the dangers of Christian nationalism, from better understanding how to conceptualize international law, to income disparity and the tax code.https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/polisci_books/1037/thumbnail.jp