37495 research outputs found
Sort by
David Lynch, Auteur Drawn to the Dark and the Dreamlike, Dies at 78
No full textAn obituary of David Lynch, the writer-director whose films and TV series including Blue Velvet, Mulholland Drive and Twin Peaks portrayed a seemingly bucolic America, only to reveal it as teeming with the mysterious and macabr
Infertility Stigma and Openness with Others are Related to Depressive Symptoms and Meaning in Life in Men and Women Diagnosed with Infertility
Get PDFBackground
Stigma is the experience of feeling different from socially accepted norms which can lead to personal devaluation or fear of disapproval from others. For men and women experiencing infertility, stigma has been associated with psychological distress, feelings of otherness in relation to people with children, and selective disclosure with others about their infertility challenges. However, there are few studies which examine how infertility stigma and being open with others are related to depressive symptoms and meaning in life for men and women diagnosed with infertility. Methods
Participants experiencing infertility were recruited for this cross-sectional study during November 2023-January 2024 via announcements on infertility discussion listservs and social media accounts. Four-hundred fifty-eight women and 89 men completed an online survey. Participants were primarily from the United States (81%), followed by Europe, Canada, and Australia/New Zealand. Participants completed validated and reliable measures of infertility stigma, openness with others, depressive symptoms and meaning in life. Results
Hierarchical regression models explained substantial variance (adjusted R-squared) for depressive symptoms (41% men; 27% women), search for meaning in life (12% men; 14% women), and presence of meaning in life (19% men; 25% women). For both men and women, higher personal infertility stigma was significantly related with higher depressive symptoms and search for meaning. For both men and women, higher openness with others about infertility was significantly associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms and greater presence of meaning. Conclusions
The current findings support prior research indicating a significant association between infertility stigma and depressive symptoms and adds to the infertility literature by offering new insights into the relationships between stigma, openness with others, and meaning in life. Health care providers can use these findings to assist individuals and couples in reducing infertility stigma through collaborative conversations that reduce feelings of personal failure. Providers can also help those with infertility challenges to reduce psychological distress and increase meaning in life through accessing existing social networks and expanding social connections with others in ways that facilitate support
Life Satisfaction Around the World: Measurement Invariance of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) Across 65 Nations, 40 Languages, Gender Identities, and Age Groups
Get PDFThe Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) is a widely used self-report measure of subjective well-being, but studies of its measurement invariance across a large number of nations remain limited. Here, we utilised the Body Image in Nature (BINS) dataset–with data collected between 2020 and 2022 –to assess measurement invariance of the SWLS across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups (N = 56,968). All participants completed the SWLS under largely uniform conditions. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis indicated that configural and metric invariance was upheld across all nations, languages, gender identities, and age groups, suggesting that the unidimensional SWLS model has universal applicability. Full scalar invariance was achieved across gender identities and age groups. Based on alignment optimisation methods, partial scalar invariance was achieved across all but three national groups and across all languages represented in the BINS. There were large differences in latent SWLS means across nations and languages, but negligible-to-small differences across gender identities and age groups. Across nations, greater life satisfaction was significantly associated with greater financial security and being in a committed relationship or married. The results of this study suggest that the SWLS largely assesses a common unidimensional construct of life satisfaction irrespective of respondent characteristics (i.e., national group, gender identities, and age group) or survey presentation (i.e., survey language). This has important implications for the assessment of life satisfaction across nations and provides information that will be useful for practitioners aiming to promote subjective well-being internationally
Landslide Susceptibility Assessment of the Wanzhou District: Merging Landslide Susceptibility Modelling (LSM) with InSAR-derived Ground Deformation Map
Get PDFThe prevalent catalog-based Landslide Susceptibility Modelling (LSM) operates under the assumption that future landslide occurrences mirror past and current patterns. Due to growing urban expansion and climate change, certain landslides follow new patterns of occurrence, disrupting the foundational assumption of catalog-based LSM and leading to constraints in the effectiveness of traditional susceptibility maps. Here, to address this problem, we proposed a method to produce more accurate and dynamic landslide susceptibility maps by coupling advanced Ensemble Machine Learning (EML) and Multi-Temporal Interferometric SAR (MT-InSAR). The Wanzhou District in Three Gorges Reservoir area of China is considered as the test site. The landslide catalog and multiple EML methods are used for the preparation of the preliminary susceptibility map. We have also compared and analyzed the impact of ensemble strategies (homogeneous and heterogeneous ensemble) and base-learners on the modelling performance. Subsequently, Sentinel-1 data from 2018 to 2020, analyzed using MT-InSAR approach, are used to map ground deformation rates. We outline the active slopes and deduce the relationship between the deformation of Matou landslide and triggering factors. The final susceptibility map is generated by coupling catalog-based susceptibility and ground deformation rate maps through an empirical assessment matrix. Our results show that the causal factors of distance to rivers, distance to faults, annual rainfall and distance to roads are basic parameters for landslide spatial development; Heterogeneous EML methods outperform the homogeneous, and the more base-learner types provide better performance. InSAR-acquired deformation rates corrected overestimation and underestimation errors in the landslide susceptibility map produced by catalog-based method. Our proposed method is capable of improving the accuracy and timeliness of susceptibility map, providing a useful instrument to better assess landslide risk scenarios in rapidly changing environments
Quantitative Bounds for Products of Simplices in Subsets of the Unit Cube
Get PDFFor each 1 ≤ i ≤ n, let ki ≥ 1 and let Δi be a set of vertices of a non-degenerate simplex of ki + 1 points in Rki+1. If A ⊆ [0, 1]k1+1 × ·· ·×[0, 1]kn+1 is a Lebesgue measurable set of measure at least δ, we show that there exists an interval I = I(Δ1, . . . ,Δn,A) of length at least exp(−δ−C(Δ1,...,Δn)) such that for each λ ∈ I, the set A contains Δ\u271 × ·· ·×Δ\u27n, where each Δ\u27i is an isometric copy of λΔi. This is a quantitative improvement of a result by Lyall and Magyar. Our proof relies on harmonic analysis. The main ingredient in the proof are cancellation estimates for forms similar to multilinear singular integrals associated with n-partite n-regular hypergraphs
Resilience
Get PDFOnce a ubiquitous framework for assessing the capacity for recovery, perseverance, and success in the face of adversity, resilience has been met with growing critiques in its application. As a frequently used “pretty word” within health disparities research, resilience has come to signify how at-risk communities overcome hardship in ways this work argues overdetermine their labor, activist potential, and existence. This critique examines resilience through the lens of ethnographic research conducted among transgender and nonbinary healthcare providers who provide gender-affirming care within their communities. As a marginalized community experiencing transphobia and increasing structural barriers to life-affirming and life-saving healthcare, trans healthcare workers embody many tenets of resilience in how they are recast as medical authorities rather than victims. The aim of this intervention is to disentangle socio-cultural meanings and expectations associated with the application of resilience. This work argues resilience presupposes colonial and cis-heteronormative progress narratives in which trans people\u27s capacity to overcome oppression renders their labor and advocacy as tied to perceived static conditions of transphobia. Through reexamining the use of resilience in health disparities research, researchers can better center communities in which they are engaged while avoiding monolithic representation and uncritical interpretation of oppressive systems
Reviews and Syntheses: Variable Inundation Across Earth’s Terrestrial Ecosystems
Get PDFThe structure, function, and dynamics of Earth\u27s terrestrial ecosystems are profoundly influenced by how often (frequency) and how long (duration) they are inundated with water. A diverse array of natural and human-engineered systems experience temporally variable inundation whereby they fluctuate between inundated and non-inundated states. Variable inundation spans extreme events to predictable sub-daily cycles. Variably inundated ecosystems (VIEs) include hillslopes, non-perennial streams, wetlands, floodplains, temporary ponds, tidal systems, storm-impacted coastal zones, and human-engineered systems. VIEs are diverse in terms of inundation regimes, water chemistry and flow velocity, soil and sediment properties, vegetation, and many other properties. The spatial and temporal scales of variable inundation are vast, ranging from sub-meter to whole landscapes and from sub-hourly to multi-decadal. The broad range of system types and scales makes it challenging to predict the hydrology, biogeochemistry, ecology, and physical evolution of VIEs. Despite all experiencing the loss and gain of an overlying water column, VIEs are rarely considered together in conceptual, theoretical, modeling, or measurement frameworks and approaches. Studying VIEs together has the potential to generate mechanistic understanding that is transferable across a much broader range of environmental conditions, relative to knowledge generated by studying any one VIE type. We postulate that enhanced transferability will be important for predicting changes in VIE function in response to global change. Here we aim to catalyze cross-VIE science that studies drivers and impacts of variable inundation across Earth\u27s VIEs. To this end, we complement expert mini-reviews of eight major VIE systems with overviews of VIE-relevant methods and challenges associated with scale. We conclude with perspectives on how cross-VIE science can derive transferable understanding via unifying conceptual models in which the impacts of variable inundation are studied across multi-dimensional environmental space