37495 research outputs found
Sort by
Benchmarking Machine Learning Models in Lesion-symptom Mapping for Predicting Language Outcomes in Stroke Survivors
No full textSeveral decades of research have investigated the neural connections between stroke-induced brain damage and language difficulties. Typically, lesion-symptom mapping (LSM) studies that address this connection have relied on mass univariate statistics, which do not account for multidimensional relationships between variables. Machine learning (ML) techniques, which can capture these intricate connections, offer a promising complement to LSM methods. To test this promise, we benchmarked ML models on structural and functional MRI to predict aphasia severity (N = 238) and naming impairment (N = 191) for a cohort of chronic-stage stroke survivors. We used nested cross-validation to examine performance along three dimensions: (1) parcellation schemes (JHU, AAL, BRO, and AICHA atlases), (2) neuroimaging modalities (resting-state functional connectivity, structural connectivity, mean diffusivity, fractional anisotropy, and lesion location) and (3) ML methods (Random Forest, Support Vector Regression, Decision Tree, K Nearest Neighbors, and Gradient Boosting). The best results were obtained by combining the JHU atlas, lesion location, and the Random Forest model. This combination yielded moderate to high correlations with the two different behavioral scores. Key regions identified included several perisylvian areas and pathways within the language network. This work complements existing LSM methods with new tools for improving the prediction of language outcomes in stroke survivors
Design Principles for Deployable Fibers Inspired by Hagfish Defense
No full textHagfish produce extraordinary slime as a defense mechanism, releasing exudate from glands that rapidly form a fibrous, soft, ultra-dilute, water-capturing network upon contact with seawater (up to 10 000 times its original volume). The gland thread cell (GTC) produces high-strength protein threads (filament diameter df = 1–3 µm) meticulously coiled into skeins (coil diameter Do ∼ 150 µm) that rapidly unravel upon deployment to reveal their hidden length (Lf = 15 cm), forming a cohesive fibrous slime network through interaction with mucin vesicles and seawater. To date, no engineered material is able to replicate the fiber uncoiling mechanics observed in slime, which are responsible for the unique set of mechanical properties that slime exhibits. Focusing on fundamental physical mechanisms rather than specific biochemistry or biomaterials, it is demonstrated that how existing materials and manufacturing processes can be used to achieve comparable functional performance. To engineer rapidly deployable soft materials inspired by hagfish slime, this work establishes design principles for synthetic skeins used to create the first-ever deployable synthetic skeins. Four design principles are revealed for engineering synthetic skeins: (1) the mechanics of high-strain fiber coiling and uncoiling, (2) adhesives to maintain elastic energy in non-equilibrium deformed states, (3) fluid-mediated deployment of coiled fibers, and (4) the individual fiber stiffness and size needed to result in a soft, deformable fibrous network. As proof of concept, the first successful fabrication of synthetic skeins with tightly coiled threads arranged in controlled packing geometries is demonstrated. These synthetic structures undergo fluid-mediated unraveling under flow, replicating the deployment behavior of their biological counterparts and demonstrating the feasibility of engineered, deployable fibrous networks
Phi Beta Kappa, Psi of California Chapter, Induction Ceremony 2025
No full texthttps://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/pbk_induction_ceremony_2025/1031/thumbnail.jp
Phi Beta Kappa, Psi of California Chapter, Induction Ceremony 2025
No full texthttps://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/pbk_induction_ceremony_2025/1036/thumbnail.jp
Phi Beta Kappa, Psi of California Chapter, Induction Ceremony 2025
No full texthttps://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/pbk_induction_ceremony_2025/1044/thumbnail.jp
Phi Beta Kappa, Psi of California Chapter, Induction Ceremony 2025
No full texthttps://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/pbk_induction_ceremony_2025/1043/thumbnail.jp
The US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP): Trustworthy Travel Vaccine Guidance and Politics
No full textThe rigorous process of the US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) has guided vaccine policy in the US and has been adopted broadly. Given recent disruptions to ACIP leading to distrust in the new committee, possible strategies are discussed for guiding travel medicine providers that have relied on ACIP recommendations
[Review of] \u3cem\u3eThe Trial of a Nazi Doctor: Franz Lucas as Defendant, Opportunist, and Deceiver\u3c/em\u3e By Andrew Wisely. New York, NY: Berghahn Books, 2024. Pp. xiv+364. Cloth $150.00. ISBN 978-1-80539-530-0.
No full textWhile we know a lot about the general framework of the trials of Nazi perpetrators, including of specific professional groups, the field of Holocaust, mass violence, and perpetrator studies still needs more in-depth studies on the careers, crimes, and the postwar whereabouts of individual midlevel Nazi officials who had power of life and death over thousands of inmates of Nazi camps and whose lives and careers were not thoroughly investigated by scholars. That is why the book authored by Andrew Wisely examining the case of the SS doctor Franz Bernhard Lucas as a long durée historical biography, is a much-needed addition to this field of academic inquiry. The book offers valuable insights into the radicalization of German medical professionals who participated in Nazi crimes, into how they dealt with their highly unethical decisions targeting innocent victims during the war, and how they tried to evade their criminal responsibility after the end of the war by invoking various technical justifications and claiming oblivion about specific deeds, crimes, and persons encountered during their careers in the Nazi system
The Cult of Clean Hands: Why No One’s Innocent in America’s War On Corruption
No full textThis study examines how fear of corruption functions as both a political weapon and a national ritual of moral reassurance. The focus lies in understanding why Americans across party lines express deep mistrust in political institutions while simultaneously seeking purity through accusation. Drawing on a nationally representative survey of U.S. voters, the research examines how partisan identity, media narratives, and generational memory influence the emotional economy of corruption—what citizens fear, whom they blame, and why those fears persist. Testing the initial expectation that Republicans would express greater concern about corruption revealed that such fear is shared widely across parties, reflecting a collective anxiety about moral decay rather than a single ideological divide. The findings show that while Republicans often associate corruption with bureaucrats, liberal elites, or federal overreach, Democrats frame it through corporate influence, interest groups, and celebrity-political entanglements. Age and lived experience amplify these perceptions: older generations shaped by Watergate and Cold War disillusionment remain especially vigilant, while younger voters inherit a climate of online outrage that blurs fact, scandal, and performance. This study suggests that corruption fear now operates less as a measure of ethics and more as a social identity—a marker of belonging to “the honest side” of a polarized culture. In doing so, it suggests that America’s war on corruption has become a cult of virtue, where anger is celebrated and trust is perceived as betrayal