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Effect of Chronic Alcohol Feeding Using the Lieber-DeCarli Diet on Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology in Tg2576 Mice
Get PDFBackground: Chronic alcohol drinking is a modifiable risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Most studies of alcohol feeding to AD mice have utilized young mice and delivered alcohol in drinking water without controlling nutritional intake.
Objective: To study the impact of Lieber-DeCarli (LDC) liquid alcohol diet, which balances nutritional intake, on AD pathology of aged Tg2576 and wild-type (WT) mice, which is unexplored.
Methods: 13-month-old male and female Tg2576 or WT mice were fed LDC diet (5% ethanol or control) for six weeks (n = 11-13/group). Exploration (open-field test) and spatial reference memory (Y-maze test) were assessed after six weeks, and brains and livers were studied for Aβ levels, and Aβ synthesis and transport proteins (APP and LRP-1). Neuroinflammation, blood–brain barrier function, and synaptic health were studied using immunoassays.
Results: LDC alcohol feeding significantly reduced survival (p \u3c 0.05) and spatial memory (p \u3c 0.05) in Tg2576 mice, but not in WT mice. Alcohol feeding increased (p \u3c 0.001) insoluble endogenous mouse Aβ1-42 and reduced microgliosis (p \u3c 0.05) in Tg2576 mice brains, but not in WT mice. LDC alcohol feeding to Tg2576 mice caused mild liver injury, and important amyloidosis-relevant hepatic proteins (LRP-1 and APP) were largely unaltered. However, brain Aβ and microgliosis were positively correlated (p \u3c 0.05) with serum alanine aminotransferase, a marker of liver injury, in Tg2576 mice.
Conclusion: Chronic alcohol intake, resulting in mild liver injury, caused modest but significant AD-relevant changes in aged Tg2576 mice, which correlated with liver injury; the latter suggests significant liver-brain crosstalk in an AD model of moderate alcohol intake
Resistant & Persistent Bacterial Cells
No full textAn activity on the difference between resistant & persistent bacterial cells. This activity aims to build on the pre-lecture materials about resistant bacterial cells, so that students can make a connection toward persistent cells. In both cases, they make antibiotics less effective.
Learning Objectives
Recognize the importance of antibiotics in fighting bacterial infections. Understand how bacterial species become antibiotic resistant. Determine the difference between resistant and persistent bacterial cells.
Social and Collaborative
Students work together on this in-class activity in groups of 2-4 (3, ideally). Each student will have one of the following roles: encourager, recorded, investigator, and time keeper. At the end of the activity, students will download the Google Slides as PDF and submit it for credit, graded based on completion.
Recommended courses for the activity
This activity is recommended for students taking general microbiology. To a larger extent, this activity can be applied to classes that go over antibiotic resistance. This activity is straightforward enough to be used by students in lower division or upper division as long as they get lectured on antibiotic resistance. A short lecture is also provided in case you need to teach about antibiotic resistance.
How the activity works
First, each student takes a survey on basic knowledge about persistent, resistant, and sensitive bacterial cells.
Then, students review the concept of antibiotic resistance through the case study involving Vanessa who goes off to college and becomes infected with chlamydia. After taking antibiotics for a few days, she stops her treatment halfway because she feels better. Unfortunately, she eventually becomes much worse as the bacteria have become more aggressive and resistant to the antibiotics she has been taking.
Students continue working on this activity by going through a series of questions to explain the consequences of persistent cells. The life cycle of persistent bacterial cells and then the graph on the difference between persistent, resistant, and sensitive cells conclude the activity (on the right).
Each student finally takes a post-activity survey to ensure they understand the concepts and their thoughts on the activity.
Contents
docx RESPER_Facilitation_Guide_SocialTools_v1.docx(DOCX | 2 MB) pptx
RESPER_Activity_Deck_SocialTools_v1.pptx(PPTX | 2 MB) pptx
RESPER_Lecture_Antimicrobial_Drugs_Antibiotic_SocialTools_v1.pptx(PPTX | 21 MB)
RESPER_PrePostFeedback_Questions_SocialTools_v1.docx(DOCX | 69 KB)
Activity_Deck_Setup_Info_SocialTools_v1.docx(DOCX | 249 KB)
RESPER_Facilitation_Guide_SocialTools_v1.docx(DOCX | 2 MB)
RESPER_Activity_Deck_SocialTools_v1.pptx(PPTX | 2 MB)
RESPER_PrePostFeedback_Questions_SocialTools_v1.docx(DOCX | 109 KB)
RESPER_Lecture_Antimicrobial_Drugs_Antibiotic_SocialTools_v1.pptx(PPTX | 21 MB
Diverse Roles of Stress-responsive RNP Granules in Oogenesis and Infertility
Get PDFEffectively responding to cellular stress (e.g., nutrient deprivation, oxidative stress) is essential for cell and organismal survival. A protective mechanism is especially critical in developing oocytes, where a prolonged quiescent state and the inability to divide render oocytes highly susceptible to accumulating stress that can result in cell death if unaddressed. Despite the common view that stress granules are the primary stress-responsive ribonucleoprotein granule, accumulating evidence shows that in ovaries, other ribonucleoprotein granules also uniquely mediate gene regulation in response to stress. Here, we review recent insights into ribonucleoprotein granule dynamics and ribonucleoprotein granule protein function during stress in the context of oogenesis among both invertebrates and vertebrates, with an emphasis on insights from Drosophila and mice. We also discuss roles for stress-responsive ribonucleoproteins in maintaining stem cell populations and complicating fertility treatments. By exploring how stress-induced ribonucleoprotein dynamics can impact oogenesis, both positively and negatively, we can better understand how stress contributes to reduced fecundity and infertility. We conclude by offering key research questions that can drive the next generation of insights
The Odd Witch
No full textThis children\u27s novel follows the young witch, Serendipity, as she navigates a new school and grapples with her lack of ability to wield the power of superstition
Romancing the Reader: An Analysis of Tropes in the Romance Genre
No full textThis thesis looks at the endurance and steady popularity of the romance genre through literary history through the lens of three of the most used tropes: forbidden lovers, slow burn, and enemies to lovers. Through comparative literary analysis, this work examines how these tropes are used in both classic and contemporary works, specifically looking at Thomas of England’s medieval tale Tristan and Iseult, William Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing, Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, and comparing those to Megan Clawson’s 2023 novel Falling Hard for the Royal Guard. While always a popular genre, attention is also given to the resurgence of the genre’s popularity during the COVID-19 pandemic and the influence that BookTok, a subgenre on TikTok, had in bringing reading back into fashion and the impact that had on the publishing industry. The findings show that the consistent appeal of the romance genre is in its ability to offer readers an emotional connection with themselves and with others. Ultimately, this thesis argues that the genre’s historical resilience is not only found in its narrative structure, but also in its capacity to respond to and reflect the needs of its readers during times of emotional and social uncertainty
From the Ashes
No full textThree thousand years ago, the world was ruled by Light. To be more specific, a race of beings known as the Elysians. Said to be the descendants of the Celestial Gods, the seven chosen govern and protect the land realm of Uthana. Cassandra is meant to be a descendant of the Celestial Gods. She is intended to be light, but she is cast out into the darkness and meant to be seen and not heard. She is the firstborn princess to the line and the unwanted eighth sibling to her seven older brothers, and unknown, powerless Knight to the realm. In Part One of Book One, Cassandra must face the consequences of what it means to place duty, honor, and loyalty to family above all else. Haunted by nightmares, regret, grief, and longing, Cassandra must endure to remember, all while being haunted by the past, a life that has long since died, and be forced to do what is necessary for the ones she loves to keep what is left—alive. From the Ashes is not just a story of loss and heartbreak but one of choice, of resolve