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Subjective Well-being Across the Life Course Among Non-industrialized Populations
Get PDFSubjective well-being (SWB) is often described as being U-shaped over adulthood, declining to a midlife slump and then improving thereafter. Improved SWB in later adulthood has been considered a paradox given age-related declines in health and social losses. While SWB has mostly been studied in high-income countries, it remains largely unexplored in rural subsistence populations lacking formal institutions that reliably promote social welfare. Here, we evaluate the age profile of SWB among three small-scale subsistence societies (n = 468; study 1), forest users from 23 low-income countries (n = 6987; study 2), and Tsimane’ horticulturalists (n = 1872; study 3). Across multiple specifications, we find variability in SWB age profiles. In some cases, we find no age-related differences in SWB or even inverted U-shapes. Adjusting for confounders reduces observed age effects. Our findings highlight variability in average well-being trajectories over the life course. Ensuring successful aging will require a greater focus on cultural and socioecological determinants of individual trajectories
Adam Smith, Human Betterment, and His Erroneous Indentification with Self-interested Human Action
Get PDFIn this essay I discuss the proposition that Adam Smith has been widely misinterpreted as asserting in his second book, The Wealth of Nations, that emergent modern economies are driven by the strictly selfish motives of their human inhabitants. The propositions articulated in his first book, The Theory of Moral Sentiments, which offered a theory of society, extended seamlessly into his second book, and continued to be part of his theory of economy. In both works, he distinguished the universal state of being self-interested from actions taken in one\u27s self-interest, and modeled people as creating and following rules of propriety that enabled them to better get along with their neighbors. This distinction explains why, in his second book, he refers to people following their “own interest” in their “own way” explicitly avoiding any suggestion that people pursued only their strictly selfish interests in the process of wealth creation. That cautionary effort failed, although Smith continues to be a spectacularly successful theorist of society and economy, especially of interest to scholars in behavioral and experimental economics
Polarization in Multidisciplinary Perspective
Get PDFThis article provides an introduction to and overview of the articles in the PNAS Nexus Special Feature on Polarization and Trust
Introduction to Strategies and Outcomes
Get PDFIn this, Volume 48 of Research in Social Movements, Conflicts and Change, chapters contribute to scholarship on the strategies and outcomes of social movements, with only one (Corrigall-Brown, this volume) exploring the relationship between the two and others examining each aspect of social movement scholarship independently.https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/peace_books/1007/thumbnail.jp
Bridging Thought and Action: History, the Digital Humanities, and Building the Foundations of Asian/American Political Thought
Get PDFThis article argues that understanding the historical contours of Asian American electoral engagement provides an essential foundation for studying Asian/American political thought. However, historians have tended to adopt a broad understanding of politics beyond traditional civic and electoral politics, due to limited historical sources on Asian American electoral engagement and the longstanding interest among Asian Americanist scholars in alternative politics. I reintroduce Asian American electoral history as a vital and viable subject of study by exploring how scholars can use digital humanities tools and methods to build the archives of Asian American politics and to explore new insights and questions
2024 Honorable Mention Winner: Erin Simmons, “The Impact of External Factors on Urban Youth Behaviors”
No full textPictured is 2024 honorable mention winner Erin Simmons (center, holding the certificate), with (left to right) Taylor Greene (Chair of Research and Instructional Services) and Dr. Kevin Ross (contest co-sponsor and Dean of the Leatherby Libraries).https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/undergraduateresearchprize_images/1031/thumbnail.jp
2024 Graduate Research Prize Winners
No full textFrom left to right: (from left to right) Dr. Lawrence Brown, Dr. Leah Beekman, Olajide Adekunle, Lauren A. Fillet, Livia Lozoya, Daniel Umoru, Adeola Bakare, Essraa Nawar, Eric Scandrett, and Taylor Greene.https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/graduate_research_prize_photos/1003/thumbnail.jp
2024 3rd Place Winner: Livia Lozoya, “From Film Sets to Front Lines and Back Again: Reinventing Star Image in Post-World War II Hollywood,”
No full textPictured is 2024 third-place winner Livia Lozoya (right, holding the certificate), with (right to left) Taylor Greene (Chair of Research and Instructional Services) and Mr. Eric Scandrett (contest sponsor).https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/graduate_research_prize_photos/1002/thumbnail.jp
Design Implications for Montessori Education
Get PDFThis project aims to identify the design implications for children’s educational apps that seek to align with the principles of the Montessori Philosophy and contribute to the development of educational technology. By analyzing critical features of apps that engage children and promote their natural desire to learn, this project aligns with the Montessori philosophy of fostering independent, self-directed learning. To uncover the design implication, we conducted a qualitative analysis of reviews of popular educational apps, defined by having at least 3,000 reviews and a rating of 3 stars or higher, that appeared from search results using the keyword “Montessori” in the Apple App Store. A preliminary analysis was conducted on 200 randomly selected reviews, which were then used to define and create a codebook containing 20 different themes with definitions and examples. This codebook was applied to analyze 100 reviews for each app, categorizing the feedback and determining common design elements. The coding revealed recurring themes such as open-ended experience, independent learning, and encouraged curiosity, which are commonly found across the varying apps. These themes highlight key design elements such as fostering child autonomy, promoting interactive learning that expands the child’s creativity, and creating sensory-rich yet calming environments that all align with the Montessori principles. The findings suggest that these recurring themes are crucial in designing Montessori educational apps that promote self-directed learning. Understanding these design implications offers valuable insights for developers aiming to create engaging, effective educational tools for children. Future research will involve a heuristic evaluation and a user experience study with children to provide further insights and refine design implications for educational apps that support independent learning
