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Logic Enriched over a Quantale
No full textMany-valued logics have a long history in mathematical logic as well as in applications to the semantics of programming languages and to engineering more generally. Typically these logics are rich with features motivated by the particular applications they stem from. In his 1973 article Metric Spaces, Generalized Logic, and Closed Categories , Lawvere argued that any quantale Ω gives rise to a generalized Ω-valued logic that has as its models the categories enriched over the quantale. This suggests developing a uniform framework for many-valued logics parameterized in a quantale. In this talk we will review some previous and ongoing work in that direction. In particular, we will address (not necessarily answer) the following questions. - If we take as our starting point, generalizing from 2-valued lattice logic, a logical language that comprises not only meets and joins (limits and colimits) but also tensor and power (weighted limits and colimits), what laws do these operations satisfy? - This question can be investigated for different types of semantics, generalizing the set-theoretic and the polarity-based semantics known from the 2-valued setting. - Which additional properties obtain if the quantale is integral or commutative or finite or distributive, etc? - On the other hand, quantale logics can also be investigated from a purely proof theoretic point of view, leading us to consider sequent calculi with turnstiles ⊢_ω labelled by elements ω ∈ Ω. - As Galatos and Jipsen showed, there are 1662 Residuated Lattices of Size up to 6 . Each of them generates a different and potentially interesting logic. - The adjunction Ω^-⊣ Ω^-:Ω-cat^op → Ω-cat exists for any quantale Ω. What is the logic enshrined in the monad of that adjunction? How far can one extend this to a theory of Stone duality for quantale logics parametric in the quantale? - The Dedekind-MacNeille completion generalizes to quantale categories. Similarly, the theory of canonical extensions originating with Jonsson and Tarski (and important for completeness proofs of modal logics) can be extended to quantale logics. - Since the discrete functor Set → Ω-cat is dense in the sense of Kelly, set-functors (equipped with an Ω-cat structure or not) can be extended to quantale categories via enriched left Kan extensions. This gives rise to a uniform variety of type constructors (endofunctors) on quantale categories parameterised by the quantale. - Each endofunctor on Ω-cat gives rise to a category of coalgebras with their own notion of behavioural equivalence. How many of the existing notions of many-valued (probabilistic, metric, fuzzy, etc) bisimulation can be accounted for in this uniform framework? - Morphism between quantales gives rise to change-of-base principles between categories of (co)algebras. Which transfer principles can be obtained from a systematic investigation of change of base for quantale categories? - Exploiting the duality of coalgebras (as models of computation) and algebras (as modal logics), which general logical theory of computation arises from putting the items in this list together
A Literature Review of the United States of America’s Reliance on Imported Covid Personal Protective Equipment During the Pandemic
No full textThis paper provides a literature review of United States of America’s reliance on imported Covid Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs) during the Covid pandemic. The abstracted and cited articles show that the United States was too reliant on imported PPEs, primarily imported from Asia which led to shortages as the cases of Covid surged at various points during the waves of Covid cases. This supply and demand imbalance was not just an inconvenience such as the toilet paper shortage and other supply chain disruptions of basic commodities; this supply and demand imbalance had life and death impacts for many first responders, health care workers, nurses, doctors, and the general public in the US. There was a US Congressional Report prepared on US reliance on imported PPEs due to the national impact of overreliance on imported PPEs. Also, Federal Covid Pandemic policymakers, like Dr. Fauchi, one of the lead members of the White House Coronavirus Task Force were questioned during Congressional Hearings on the matter. This paper presents key graphs to visually display the changes in supply and demand over the duration of the pandemic. As many health professionals predict the possibility of future pandemics, there is a continued need to have US self-reliance on domestic produced PPEs. The paper concludes with an assessment that the US still needs to make further changes in federal manufacturing and health care public policy to become less reliant on imported PPEs for the next pandemic occurrence
The Mitochondria is the Source of Hepatic Amyloid Precursor Protein and Peripheral Amyloid Beta: Implications of Alcohol-induced Liver Steatosis in Alzheimer\u27s Disease
No full textBackground
Alcohol-induced liver injury occurs in the pericentral region of the liver and can induce mitochondrial remodeling and exacerbate Alzheimer\u27s Disease (AD) progression. Subpopulations of mitochondria: general mitochondria (GM), peridroplet mitochondria (PDM) and endoplasmic reticulum(ER)-bound mitochondria (ERM) maintain cellular homeostasis via energy synthesis, lipid homeostasis, and regulation of intracellular calcium. Hepatic amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a source of peripheral amyloid beta (aB) and affects AD pathology in the brain. Understanding the localization and expression of hepatic APP in mitochondrial subpopulations are critical to understanding aB metabolism and may play a role in identifying a potential mechanism for metabolic dysfunction. Here, site-specific expression of hepatic APP and aB processing proteins are measured in the subpopulations of the mitochondria of ethanol-fed AD mice to identify the regions where aB metabolism occurs. Method
Double transgenic (APP/PS1) AD mice were intra-gastric fed with ethanol or control diet for 5 weeks (n = 7-11/group). Liver tissue was harvested for digital spatial profiling (DSP) analysis to measure pathogenic AD biomarkers (APP, PSEN1, BACE1) in the periportal and perivenous regions using sequence-specific fluorescent probes. Mitochondrial fractions were isolated using differential centrifugation and homogenized for protein measurement using western blotting. Result
Hepatic APP expression increased 2-fold and PSEN1 increased over 5-fold in the mitochondria compared to the cytosol of both ethanol-fed and non-ethanol fed AD mice (p≤0.05). APP expression increased in the GM and ERM but not in the PDM of ethanol-fed mice compared to control (p≤0.05). APP transcript increased in the pericentral region of ethanol-fed mice (p≤0.05) and both APP and aB showed an increased trend at the protein level (p = 0.06 and p = 0.07, respectively). Conclusion
Differential expression of APP across mitochondrial subpopulations suggests that hepatic mitochondria may be a source of peripheral aB and affect specific mitochondrial processes in the GM and ERM. Increased expression of APP in the pericentral region of AD mice correlates to the same site affected in alcohol-induced liver damage and may assist in identifying potential pathways involved in AD progression due to alcohol-induced liver impairment. Future studies modulating hepatic APP in vivo will provide future insights on the contribution of hepatic aB on AD pathogenesis
Brujería and the Boundaries of Power: Transgression and Punishment in Fernanda Melchor\u27s \u3cem\u3eHurricane Season\u3c/em\u3e
No full textBrujería is frequently invoked as a symbol of resistance for those marginalized by colonial, patriarchal, and gendered violence. However, in Fernanda Melchor’s Hurricane Season, acts of brujería do not offer a clear path to empowerment or freedom. Instead, the novel reveals how brujería is entangled with the very hierarchies it seeks to subvert, rendering it an ambivalent form of resistance. Through the figure of the Young Witch, whose power marks her as both threatening and disposable, the novel illustrates how attempts at subversion remain constrained by systemic violence. Her practice positions her outside normative structures but does not protect her from the brutal consequences of being hyper visible and nonconforming. Drawing on the specter of feminicide and the cultural construction of monstrous femininity, the novel underscores how spiritual and bodily agency can be co-opted, distorted, and weaponized. Rather than idealize brujería as inherently liberatory, this project argues that its power is always negotiated, haunted by colonial legacies, and shaped by the limits of survival. In doing so, Hurricane Season forces a reckoning with the costs of resistance in contexts where power is not only external, but internalized and reproduced through everyday life, and demonstrates how marginalized bodies, even when engaged in acts of resistance, remain vulnerable to the very structures they seek to subvert
Design and Structural Basis of Selective 1,4-dihydropyridine Inhibitors of the Calcium-activated Potassium Channel K\u3csub\u3eCa\u3c/sub\u3e3.1
Full text linkThe 1,4-dihydropyridines, drugs with well-established bioavailability and toxicity profiles, have proven efficacy in treating human hypertension, peripheral vascular disorders, and coronary artery disease. Every 1,4-dihydropyridine in clinical use blocks L-type voltage-gated calcium channels. We now report our development, using selective optimization of a side activity (SOSA), of a class of 1,4-dihydropyridines that selectively and potently inhibit the intermediate-conductance calcium-activated K+ channel KCa3.1, a validated therapeutic target for diseases affecting many organ systems. One of these 1,4-dihydropyridines, DHP-103, blocked KCa3.1 with an IC50 of 6 nM and exhibited exquisite selectivity over calcium channels and a panel of \u3e100 additional molecular targets. Using high-resolution structure determination by cryogenic electron microscopy together with mutagenesis and electrophysiology, we delineated the drug binding pocket for DHP-103 within the water-filled central cavity of the KCa3.1 channel pore, where bound drug directly impedes ion permeation. DHP-103 inhibited gain-of-function mutant KCa3.1 channels that cause hereditary xerocytosis, suggesting its potential use as a therapeutic for this hemolytic anemia. In a rat model of acute ischemic stroke, the second leading cause of death worldwide, DHP-103 administered 12 h postischemic insult in proof-of-concept studies reduced infarct volume, improved balance beam performance (measure of proprioception) and decreased numbers of activated microglia in infarcted areas. KCa3.1-selective 1,4-dihydropyridines hold promise for the many diseases for which KCa3.1 has been experimentally confirmed as a therapeutic target
Relationship Between Within-Session Digital Motor Skill Acquisition and Alzheimer Disease Risk Factors Among the MindCrowd Cohort: Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study
Full text linkBackground: Previous research has shown that in-lab motor skill acquisition (supervised by an experimenter) is sensitive to biomarkers of Alzheimer disease (AD). However, remote unsupervised screening of AD risk through a skill-based task via the web has the potential to sample a wider and more diverse pool of individuals at scale.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine a web-based motor skill game (“Super G”) and its sensitivity to risk factors of AD (eg, age, sex, APOE ε4 carrier status, and verbal learning deficits).
Methods:Emails were sent to 662 previous MindCrowd participants who had agreed to be contacted for future research and have their APOE ε4 carrier status recorded and those who were at least 45 years of age or older. Participants who chose to participate were redirected to the Super G site where they completed the Super G task using their personal computer remotely and unsupervised. Once completed, different Super G variables were derived. Linear and logistic multivariable regression was used to examine the relationship between available AD risk factors (age, sex, APOE ε4 carrier status, and verbal learning) and distinct Super G performance metrics.
Results: Fifty-four participants (~8% response rate) from the MindCrowd web-based cohort (mean age of 62.39 years; 39 females; and 23 APOE ε4 carriers) completed 75 trials of Super G. Results show that Super G performance was significantly associated with each of the targeted risk factors. Specifically, slower Super G response time was associated with being an APOE ε4 carrier (odds ratio 0.12, 95% CI 0.02-0.44; P=.006), greater Super G time in target (TinT) was associated with being male (odds ratio 32.03, 95% CI 3.74-1192,61; P=.01), and lower Super G TinT was associated with greater age (β −3.97, 95% CI −6.64 to −1.30; P=.005). Furthermore, a sex-by-TinT interaction demonstrated a differential relationship between Super G TinT and verbal learning depending on sex (βmale:TinT 6.77, 95% CI 0.34-13.19; P=.04).
Conclusions: This experiment demonstrated that this web-based game, Super G, has the potential to be a skill-based digital biomarker for screening of AD risk on a large scale with relatively limited resources
A Qualitative Exploration of Workplace Experiences to Inform Transition Services for Neurodivergent Youth
No full textIndividuals with disabilities, including neurodivergent individuals, are employed are significantly lower rates than individuals without disabilities (Bureau of Labor Statistics [BLS], 2023). Although secondary schools are responsible for engaging in transition planning for students with disabilities (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, 2004), research indicates these plans are often lacking in efficacy (Greene, 2015) and in their alignment with students’ interests and needs (Hughes et al., 2023). Simultaneously, modern work and the skills students need succeed in today’s workforce are changing (Griffiths et al., 2020). The goal of the present study is to improve transition planning and interventions by better understanding the experiences of neurodivergent workers. Adopting a qualitative design informed by a phenomenological approach, the researcher interviewed 25 neurodivergent participants on their experiences at work. Analyses revealed participant experiences and perceptions of defining vocational success, required skills for the modern workplace, defining a diverse workplace, the role of education and learning at work, assets of neurodivergent workers, and facilitators of and barriers to the vocational success of neurodivergent workers. With these results, neurodivergent individuals, educators, and researchers can develop and improve existing programming designed to prepare neurodivergent adolescents for career opportunities
Exploring the Impact of Inclusive Education Knowledge on School Administrators\u27 Attitudes: A Quantitative Analysis of Influencing Factors and Leadership Preparedness
Full text linkFederal laws such as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) establish the legal foundation for inclusive education and mandate that students with disabilities (SWD) receive access to education in the Least Restrictive Environment (LRE). To achieve the high-stakes accountability standards of the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), schools are also responsible for ensuring academic progress for all students, including those with disabilities. However, simply complying with these policies does not guarantee meaningful participation for SWD. School administrators play a central role in advancing inclusive education, yet there is a lack of preservice training, which leaves many administrators unprepared to lead it effectively. Research suggests administrator preparation programs spend the majority of learning time on procedural compliance rather than developing the knowledge and skills to confront practices that exclude SWD and promote systemic change. This quantitative study, based on the Disability Studies in Education (DSE) and social justice leadership (SJL) framework, investigated the relationship between administrators\u27 knowledge, source of knowledge, and attitudes toward inclusive education. To investigate how preparation programs, on-the-job, and other experiences shape attitudes toward inclusive education, 115 K–12 administrators from California Unified Public School Districts responded to an electronic questionnaire through Qualtrics. The study looked at the difference between groups of administrators, one that held an Education Specialist Instruction Credential (ESIC) and one that did not, to determine the impact on their attitudes toward inclusive education. This analysis showed that administrators with an ESIC reported significantly more positive attitudes toward their preparation for inclusive education. Additionally, the results indicated knowledge gained from preparation programs negatively predicted attitudes toward Professional Training and the preparation of administrators to support SWD. On-the-job experiences were the most significant source of administrator knowledge regarding inclusion. These findings expose the importance of realigning training during administrator preparation programs to move beyond compliance-driven content to providing equity-based learning opportunities to adequately prepare administrators to lead successful, inclusive schools where all students can succeed
Statistics - What Does My Data Say About Me?
Full text linkFor my Introduction to Statistics Class, I have been tasked with collecting unique, personal data to give insight into my daily routine. I decided to record nine different outcomes (two qualitative and seven quantitative). On February 6, 2025, I began with a blank Excel sheet, and so far, I have 57 full days of data collected. I will continue monitoring my findings for the remainder of the Spring 2025 Semester. Per my project instructions, I must include tables and graphs for my qualitative and quantitative outcomes. So far, I have collected daily quantitative data on my screen time (Instagram and TikTok), panther bucks spent, hours of studying, bike riding time, bedtime, and waking time. My daily qualitative data are yes and no responses to whether I met with a friend and whether I drank matcha. I hope to analyze trends in my daily routines as a student and research areas of improvement in my data. The information I collect should give me insight through outliers, frequencies, averages, and various other values. After analyzing the project results, I can apply my knowledge to improve or maintain aspects of my daily routine in future semesters